Lighting Concepts: Introduction

Transcription

1 Concepts: Introduction Type of Space Office Education Retail/Exhibit/Museum Hospitality/health Care Public Spaces Exterior Architectural Statement Building features Style Clients Needs Task, usage Desires Age Relamping Lamp Inventory Human needs Visibility Task performance Visual comfort Social communication Mood and atmosphere Health, safety, well-being Aesthetic judgment Quality Economics / Environment Installation Maintenance Operation Energy Environment Form Composition Style Codes/standards 1

2 Concepts: Introduction Human Needs Visibility Contrast, luminance, time, and size are the most powerful variables influencing the visibility of objects. Task performance The task is the user's activity. Visual comfort Visual comfort is an essential human need that can affect task performance, health and safety, and mood and atmosphere. Glare can cause discomfort and interfere with visibility. Direct glare occurs when the light travels directly from the source to the eye. This may include "disability glare," "discomfort glare," and "overhead glare". Human Needs Aesthetic judgment Creates a hierarchy of social significance in the visual field. BUT, lighting can also hinder understanding by introducing patterns that conflict with the underlying scene. One-way to quantify aesthetic judgments: coherence, legibility, mystery, and complexity. Health,safety, and well-being One of the challenges in lighting design is to determine which human needs are to be served. In some cases, needs conflict and require careful thought to establish priorities. Human Needs Social communication Much human communication occurs by nonverbal means, but these cues are missed if the lighting distracts from or masks the information. Mood and atmosphere Needs for mood and atmosphere encompass the emotional response to the luminous environment. influences preference, satisfaction, relaxation, and stimulation. 2

3 Concepts: Introduction Form occurs in an architectural context, whether interior or exterior. High-quality lighting is responsive to the architectural form, composition, and style. The integration with the architecture conveys meaning and contributes to the observer's understanding of the space. Composition lighting is painting the architecture of a building with special attention to the arrangement and specific proportion or relation of the environment Composition 3

4 Concepts: Introduction Composition Style a particular manner or technique by which something is done, created, or performed Sparkle Add interest Shadows Highlights 4

5 Concepts: Introduction Codes and standards ASHRAE/IES American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers NEC National Electric Code NFPA National Fire Protection Agency BOCA NATIONAL BUILDING CODE CBM Certified Ballast Manufacturer Association ASTM American Society for Testing & materials ANSI American National Standards Institute IESNA Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Economics/Environment Economics / Environment Installation How? Where? Maintenance Can my fixtures be relamped? Operation How are we controlling the lighting? Lamp type quantity? Energy What are our watts/sq. ft.? Are we using the best lamp possible? Environment Are we using environmentally safe products? Light pollution? IESNA Illuminance Guides 5

6 Concepts: Introduction IESNA Illuminance Guides IESNA Illuminance Guides Energy Codes Power Density = Maximum Allowable Load Per Square Foot (W/sqft) 6

7 Energy Codes Concepts: Introduction Watts/1000 = Kilowatt (kw) watt lamp 1000 = 0.1 kilowatt Kilowatt x Hours = Kilowatt hour (kwh) kwatts x 1 hours = 0.1 kilowatt-hour If your power company charges you 10 cents per kilowatt-hour, then the power company will charge you 12 cents for every hour that you leave your lamp on. 0.1 kilowatt-hours x 10 cents per kilowatt-hour = 1 cents IESNA Instructional Videos See the Power of 7