A STUDY ON THE ADAPTATION AND UTILIZATION OF SBTOOL IN TAIWAN

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1 A STUDY ON THE ADAPTATION AND UTILIZATION OF SBTOOL IN TAIWAN Yi-Chun Kuo Ph.D.student. 1 Che-Ming Chiang Dr.Eng. 1 Kuei-Feng Chang Ph.D. Po-Cheng Chou Ph.D. 3 Chin-Ying Huang President. 4 Hui-Hsiung Huang Ph. D.student. 1 1 Department of Architecture, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, kuo597@yahoo.com.tw Department of Real Estate Management, National Pingtung Institute of Commerce, Pingtung, Taiwan, daphnekfc@mail.com 3 Department of Interior Design, Shu-Te University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, choupc@hotmail.com 4 Society of Sustainable Built Environment, Taiwan, archilife@archilife.org Keywords: SBTOOL, Sustainable Building, Building Performance. Summary An international collaborative effort called the Green Building Challenge (GBC) is developing a building environmental assessment tool that exposes and addresses controversial aspects of building performance based on harmonized criteria and indicators. This research will use SBTOOL which has been developed by GBC to assess Taiwan buildings located north and south of the Tropic of Cancer, analyze and discuss the difference in terms of sustainable development. 1. Purpose Sustainable development needs explicit consideration in context of time and space, and a holistic n-bottom line (nbl) approach. The International Initiative for Sustainable Built Environment (iisbe), following the standards formulated by the International Standardization Organization like ISO1405 and ISO1930, developed an SBTOOL. The previous research in 005 analyzed the operations of GBTOOL in the assessment of Taiwan cases and discussed the difference in the performance results between local weights established by experts See Figure 1. This research now applies SBTOOL to assess two building cases located in the north and south regions of Taiwan, with the purpose of finding out the key regional factors influencing operating, applying and processing the results of SBTOOL. This study also hopes to provide references for relevant researches at home and abroad. Figure 1. results of GBTOOL cases in previous research 88

2 . Overview of Taiwan Region.1 Geographical and climate Conditions of Taiwan Located in a subtropical zone, Taiwan as a whole has a high-temperature and high-humidity climate. Taiwan is a long and narrow island along north-south direction with the Tropic of Cancer at 3.5 degrees north latitude passing through it. See map below. The climate in the area north to the Tropic of Cancer is subtropical, and that in south is more tropical and warm. Therefore, Taiwan plays an indicative role in terms of environment. In s present residential building environment, existing buildings account for 97% and new buildings only 3%. Urban areas are narrow and densely populated, without large hinterlands for use, so the buildings there develop towards high-rise/high density forms whereas, buildings in countryside towns or mountain areas are of low density, without limitations of space. The goal of sustainable development is more easily reached in countryside towns and mountain areas.. of Green Building Evaluation in Taiwan To get a full knowledge of the environmental performance and quality of buildings in Taiwan, the Taiwan Architecture and Building Research Institute (ABRI), Ministry of the Interior developed a Green Building Evaluation (EEWH) in 1999 and added two more indicators in 003. Now there are nine indicators in EEWH for green building assessment: biodiversity, greenery, soil water content, daily energy saving, CO emission reduction, waste reduction, indoor environment, water resource, and sewage and garbage improvement. Each assessment item is scored using its respective assessing formula as well as its weight coefficient, and scores are rated into the following ranks: qualified rank(1<=rs<6) bronze rank(6<=rs<34), silver rank(34<=rs<4), gold rank(4<=rs<53)and diamond rank(53<=rs). According to statistics released by the Chinese Architecture & Building Centre (CABC), among new buildings built up during the period from 004 to 008, 3 cases have acquired Green Building Labels, and 107 cases have gained Candidate Green Building certificates. The distribution of green buildings among building types is shown in the chart below. Office, 5, 14% Housing, 30, 17% Education, 46, 7% Hotel-Motel,, 1% comprehensiveness, 1, 7% Other, 58, 34% Figure. (Right) User-Type Distribution of Green Buildings in Taiwan as of 006. (Left) Map of Taiwan. SourceTAIWAN ARCHITECTURE & BUILDING CENTER 3. Background of Cases and Descriptions of Their Performance Results 3.1 Background of Cases Taiwan North case: an apartment building located in an urban area of Taipei city, completed and opened in October of 005, with 5 floors under ground and 14 floors above ground. The building has an annual average temperature of 0 C, annual average precipitation of 35. cm, and annual average 1381 hours of sunshine Taiwan South case: a high-rise residential building located in an urban area of Kaohsiung city, completed and opened in April of 005, with 3 floors under ground and 7 floors above ground. This building has an annual average temperature is 5.1 C, the annual average precipitation is 170. cm, and the annual average sunshine hours is of Cases under Taiwan EEWH 3..1 Taiwan North case: This case gained a label verifying it passed seven Green Building Evaluation indicators including greenery, soil water content, Energy conservation, CO emission reduction, indoor environment quality, water resource, sewage and garbage improvement. Refer to Table. 3.. Taiwan South case: This case gained a label verifying it passed five indicators of Green Building Evaluation indicators including greenery, soil water content, Energy conservation, water resource, sewage and garbage improvement. Refer to Table 3. 89

3 Table of North Case under Taiwan EEWH indicators Designed value in this case Criteria results Greenery TCO c= TCOc = TCOTCOc Soil water content C C.0 Energy conservation EEV = EEV<= CO emission reduction CCO = CCO <= Indoor environment quality IE = IE=60.4 Water conservation WI = WI= Sewage and garbage Gi = Gi= Comprehensive score = 18.4 (qualified rank) Table 3 of South Case under Taiwan EEWH indicators Designed value in this case Criteria results Greenery TCO c = TCO c = TCO TCO c 5.8 Soil water content C C.3 Energy conservation EEV = 0.79 EAC = 0.8 EL = EEV<= Water conservation WI = WI= Sewage and garbage Gi = Gi= Comprehensive score = 1.6 (qualified rank) 3.3 Results of Cases under SBTOOL The assessment parameters of SBTOOL are grouped into 3 levels; there are 7 assessment parameters at the first level, 9 parameters at the second level and 10 parameters at the third level. The assessment using SBTOOL is carried out using basic data and weights inputted by the third-party authorities and professional design teams. SBTOOL is suitable to handle new and existing buildings, or a mixture of both new and existing buildings. SBTOOL permits assessments to be carried out at four distinct stages of the lifecycle of a building and provides the users/operators with the comprehensive average value of calculated results at each phase thereby allowing the users to have a complete understanding of the conditions of this building. This research carries out assessment of two building cases on the basis of the default weights of SBTOOL as established by international experts, considering only the design phases of the life-cycle of the two buildings Performance results of Taiwan North case: The comprehensive weighted score is 1.5. Among the assessment indicators of SBTOOL, the Energy and Resource Consumption got the highest score of., the Social And Economic Aspects comes next, getting.0, followed successively by the Environmental Loadings, Site Selection, Project Planning and, Indoor Environmental Quality, Cultural and Perceptual Aspects, and the Service Quality came last with the lowest score of 0.3. Refer to Table Performance results of Taiwan South case: The comprehensive weighted score is 1.3. Among the assessment indicators of SBTOOL, the Cultural and Perceptual Aspects got the highest score,.0, both the Energy and Resource Consumption and the Environmental Loadings had the score of 1.9, followed successively by the Social and Economic aspects, Site Selection, Project Planning and, Service Quality and finally, Indoor Environmental Quality. Refer to Table 5. 90

4 Indicators Site Selection, Project Planning and Table 4 Score Rating of Taiwan North Case Using SBTOOL Design target scores Energy and Resource Consumption.3. Environmental Loadings Indoor Environmental Quality Service Quality Social and Economic aspects Cultural and Perceptual Aspects Comprehensive score Indicators Site Selection, Project Planning and Table 5 Score Rating of Taiwan South Case Using SBTOOL Design target scores Energy and Resource Consumption. 1.9 Environmental Loadings Indoor Environmental Quality Service Quality Social and Economic aspects Cultural and Perceptual Aspects Comprehensive score Comprehensive Comparison and Analysis 4.1 Analysis of Operation results of SBTOOL in Cases After assessment on cases using SBTOOL, it is discovered that since the North case is located in urban area and especially in a political administration district, so the development of its site is controlled by strict legislative decrees, therefore, each of its assessment indicators got a higher score than the South case. The South case is also located in urban area, but a general residential district with more households, therefore, the scores of the Energy and Resource Consumption, Energy and Resource Consumption, and the Cultural and Perceptual Aspects are obviously higher than those of the North case. Refer to Figure 3. Site Selection, Project Planning and Energy and Environmental Resource Loadings Consumption Indoor Environmental Quality Service Quality Social and Economic aspects Cultural and Perceptual Aspects Figure 3. Comparison between Performance results of Taiwan North and South Cases under SBTOOL 91

5 4. Comparison between SBTOOL and Taiwan EEWH Compared with Taiwan EEWH, the assessment indicators of SBTOOL put more emphasis on the Service Quality, Social and Economic Aspects, Cultural and Perceptual Aspects, reflecting its orientation in the transformation from green building to sustainable building and emphasizing long-term social and economic development. Refer to Table 6. sb08 Table 6 Comparison between Results of Two Building Cases SBTOOL Indicators Self- North South Taiwan EEWH Indicators North South Site Selection, Project Planning and Green Energy and Resource Consumption. 1.9 Energy conservation Soil water content.0.3 CD Emission Reduction.4 - Environmental Loadings Water conservation Sewage and garbage Indoor Environmental Quality Indoor Environment Quality.4 - Service Quality Social and Economic aspects Cultural and Perceptual Aspects Score Score Cultural and Perceptual Aspects Social and Economic aspects Service Quality Indoor Environmental Quality Environmental Loadings Energy and Resource Consumption Site Selection, Project Planning and Fig 4a. Environment Loadings using SBTOOL and EEEW Soil w ater content CO emission Reduction Water conservation 0.4 Indoor Environment Quality Sew age and garbage Figure 4b. Score Analysis using Taiwan EEWH 9

6 The Environmental Loadings category of SBTOOL covers the assessment indicators of Soil water content, Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction, Water conservation, and Sewage and Garbage of Taiwan EEWH. Refer to Figure 4a. In the assessment using Taiwan EEWH, all assessment parameters of Environmental Loadings have been taken in account, showing its emphasis on this category. Refer to Figure 4b. sb08 5. Conclusions This research used SBTOOL as the measuring platform for sustainable buildings in Taiwan region as well as on the comparison with the Taiwan Green Building Evaluation and Labeling System EEWH: Assessed using SBTOOL, the North case got a score of 1.5 and the South case got 1.3, both belonging to the Bronze rank; whereas, assessed using Taiwan Green Building Evaluation and Labeling System, the score of the North case is 18.4 and the score of the South case is 1.6, both belonging to the Qualified rank. It shows that the assessment results obtained under SBTOOL are slightly higher than those under Taiwan EEWH. Refer to Figure 5. Figure 5. Score Analysis using SBTOOL and Taiwan EEWH The comparison between the performance results of the cases in the research and those in the previous research reveals that although the scores obtained using SBTOOL and Taiwan EEWH are different, the calculated results were subjected to the correction using regional expert weights. Looking more closely into the score of each assessment item indicates that the environmental loadings in SBTOOL has an influence on the scores of the South case, namely slightly lower than those of the North case. This is because Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction and Indoor Environment Quality indicators have not been assessed in Taiwan EEWH, showing that the South case did not put more attention to CO Emission Reduction and Indoor Environment Quality. References Che-Ming Chiang. 007, Taiwan Sustainable Strategies: Enhancement of the Buildings Performance and Quality. Sustainable Building Conference in Hong Kong. pp86. Greg Foliente, Sustainable Building Conference in Taipei. Keynote Speech PPT. Kuei-Feng Chang. 005, A Study on Adapting the Sustainable Building Environmental Taiwan, Cheng-Kung University dissertation P98. Nils Larsson. 007, Rating Systems and SBTool. The International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment. Thomas Lutzkendorf and David Lorenz. 005, Sustainable property investment: valuing sustainable buildings through property performance assessment. Building Research & Information 33(3), 134. Yi-Chu Building Indexes. Sustainable Building Conference in Hong Kong. 93