New Plant Breeding Techniques Group 2 Cisgenesis and Intragenesis

Transcription

1 WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN New Plant Breeding Techniques Group 2 Cisgenesis and Intragenesis Maria Lusser Joint Research Centre, European Commission Workshop Comparative situation of new plant breeding techniques September 2011, Seville, Spain 1

2 Definition WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN 2 Cisgenesis/Intragenesis deploy the same technology as transgenesis. Genes are isolated, cloned, transferred into the recipient and stably integrated. DNA fragment from the species itself or from crosscompatible species inserted in the plant genome.

3 Definition WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN 3 Cisgenesis: Inserted gene is unchanged with its own introns and regulatory sequences in the normal sense orientation. Intragenesis: Inserted DNA can be a new combination of DNA fragments from the species itself or from a crosscompatible species in sense or antisense orientation.

4 Commercial pipeline WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN 4 Survey (Cisgenesis or Intragenesis not specified) - maize (trait not disclosed) - oilseed rape (trait not disclosed) phase I to III - potato (fungal resistance) Workshop (Cisgenesis or Intragenesis not specified) - apples (scab resistant) - potato (resistant to late blight) phase not specified - maize (drought resistance)

5 Commercial pipeline WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN 5 Notifications of field trials - Intragenesis: potato (reduced amylose content) - Cisgenesis (containing T-DNA borders): corr. to phase III potato (resistant to late blight) Source: Lusser M. et al., New Plant breeding Techniques: State-of-the art and prospects for commercial development, JRC Technical Report EUR EN (2011)

6 Commercial pipeline WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN 6 PHASE I: Gene optimisation, crop transformation PHASE II: Trait development, pre-regulatory data, largescale transformation PHASE III: Trait integration, field testing, regulatory data generation (if applicable) PHASE IV: Regulatory submission (if applicable), seed bulk-up, pre-marketing

7 Changes in the genome WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN 7 Cisgenesis/Intragenesis Stable integration of cisgene In the case of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, presence of T-DNA border sequences Possible unintended effects: - Interruption of open reading frames (ORFs) - Creation of new ORFs - Deletion of host DNA - Genetransfer can lead to modified levels of gene expression

8 Changes in the genome WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN 8 Cisgenesis/Intragenesis - In the case of gene stacking, multiple recombination sites may cause chromosomal rearrangements - In the case of use of selectable markers, they have to be recombined out and leave behind a recombination site

9 Changes in the genome WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN 9 Intragenesis (additional effects) Possible unintended effects: - New combinations of genes and regulatory sequences more extensive modification of gene expression to be expected (compared to cisgenesis) - In the case RNAi is used for gene silencing, effects on other genes and metabolic pathways possible Source: Glandorf B. et al., Evaluation of changes in the genome in plants through application of new plant breeding techniques in JRC Technical Report New plant Breeding Techniques, EUR EN

10 Detection/Identification WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN 10 Cisgenesis/Intragenesis Cisgenic/Intragenic plants can be detected and identified when adequate information is available Use of event-specific primers to differentiate from crops produced by conventional breeding In the case of unknown alterations, the detection and identification is currently not feasible Screening for cisgenic/transgenic plants is not possible due to absence of certain common elements (e.g. 35S promoter used in screening for unknown GMOs) Source: New plant breeding techniques: Challenges for detection and identification report of the New Techniques Task force (NTTF) in JRC Technical Report New plant Breeding Techniques, EUR EN (2011)

11 WORKSHOP COMPERATIVE SITUATION OF NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES SEPTEMBER 2011 SEVILLE, SPAIN 11 Copyright: European Union, 2011