Dr. Maria Angela G. Zafra Ateneo De Davao University Philippines

Transcription

1 The Fourth GGKP Annual Conference 6-7 September 2016 Jeju Island, Republic of Korea Green Growth: Industrial Sectoral Strategies for the Pulp and Paper Industry in Brazil Dr. Maria Angela G. Zafra Ateneo De Davao University Philippines Cora Maria Moyano (Argentina), Olutobi Onajin (Nigeria), and Cassandra Pillay (Malaysia)

2 Introduction Green Industry Five Part Analysis Importance of pulp and paper industry to Brazilian economy Analysis of production processes Review of policies Gender implications Gap analysis Methodology Qualitative Secondary data Document analysis

3 Brazil Country Profile

4 Pulp and Paper Industry

5 Positive Aspects of the Industry

6 Negative Aspects of the Industry Energy sources for pulp and paper production (BRACELPA, 2014)

7 Policy Analysis Table 1: An assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of relevant policies Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy National Policy for Water Resources Brazilian Forestry Law National Climate Change Policy The Environmental Rural Registry Key Point: While there are several laws pertaining to the environment, many do not have clear mechanisms for implementation. Enforcement and compliance is also seen as an issue.

8 Gender Analysis Benchmarked Gender Scores (WEF, 2014) Iceland Sweden Ecuador Brazil Economy Politics Education Health

9 Iceland Sweden Ecuador Brazil LFPR % Gap % Earnings ('000 in local currency) Gap % Gender Analysis Labor Force Participation Rate (World Bank, 2013) Earnings Gap (ILO Stat, 2011) % 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Countries LFPR Female % LFPR Male % LFPR Gap % Countries Mean Nominal Earnings (Local Currency) Female Mean Nominal Earnings (Local Currency) Male Mean Nominal Earnings (Local Currency) Gap %

10 Gap Analysis Element Future State Current Situation Planted Forests Certified Forests Illegal Logging Dependency on Fossil Fuels 2020: 9 million hectares 100% of paper & pulp planted forests EU: 82% All legal, certified & managed forest products Autonomy and net exporter of energy EU: 95.2% of electricity is produced on site 7.6 million hectares Gap Factors Next Action / Strategies 1.4 million has. Forests Availability of land Lack of finance instruments for SMEs 77% certified 23% Lack of public awareness & interest No quantified data 85% (66% black liquor, 19% firewood) Lack of enforcement Lack of economic opportunities Lack of awareness Energy 15% No state of the art technology Lack of financing Lack of knowledge Risk aversion Free electricity market still in infancy Concession of public land scheme Line of credits Leasing Public awareness campaign Concession of public land scheme Line of credits Leasing Heavy punishment for illegal loggers Reduction of energy consumption in different stages of the process BRACELPA dissemination of best practices Line of credits for upgrading technology (paid by the savings given by the new equipment) Feasibility study of setting up solar energy facilities Development of free energy market, incentives for early adopters

11 Gap Analysis Element Future State Current Situation Water Use % of Paper Recovery for Recycling EU: 95% of the water used is clean and reused on-site and all waste water is treated EU: 71.7% (best worldwide) No quantified data Gap Factors Next Action / Strategies Water Lack of enforcement Not enough public pressure Recycling 45.7% (2011) 26% Lack of public awareness No regulation in place for percentage of recovery Lack of resources for collection Water Awareness campaign Minimum percentage for recovery of recycled paper Federal Paper recycling awards per state Better value chain management Ban on landfilling and incinerating recyclable paper

12 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations Further promotion of planted forests as worthy investment Utilize the local community as social cultivators. Policies promoting further r&d especially in the biorefinery process Increase percentage of female employment in the industry through training / scholarships and policy interventions to make wages fair Transformative CSR that embraces circularity

13 Recommendations for Further Research Primary data collection (KIIs and FGDs) to form stories and narratives Perspectives from different stakeholders business owners, farmers, processing plant workers, government, communities, NGOs, etc.

14 We would like to acknowledge and thank Central European University and UNIDO Institute for Capacity Development for our training on Green Industry: Pathways towards inclusive and sustainable industrial development.

15 Thank You Dr. Maria Angela G. Zafra Ateneo de Davao University