Sustainable Materials Management of Wood Fibres

Transcription

1 Sustainable Materials Management of Wood Fibres OECD Global Forum on Environment Focusing on Sustainable Materials Management Deanna Lizas, ICF International 25 October 2010

2 Outline Background on pulp and paper sector Pulp and paper life-cycle Major findings SMM opportunities and barriers Outlook and trends Conclusion 2

3 Paper: a valuable commodity with opportunities to improve sustainability Important sector of the global economy in terms of employment scope and product application Large consumer of energy, water, and manages large carbons stocks: Almost 400 million tonnes of paper produced and consumed annually worldwide (58 kg of paper per capita) Fourth largest industrial consumer of energy (5.7% of global industrial energy use) Contributes 2% of global CO 2 emissions and actively manages more carbon than most industries 3

4 Paper: a valuable commodity with opportunities to improve sustainability over the life cycle 4

5 The Life Cycle of Paper Harvesting Pulping Papermaking Transportation End-of-life Chemical Pulping Harvesting Mechanical Pulping Papermaking Recovered Pulping Deinking Use Combustion Landfilling Recycling 5

6 Major Findings: Energy Energy (GJ / tonne) Transportation 10% Harvest 3% Paper Drying 20% Mechanical Pulping 30% Papermaking 17% Total GJ per tonne Pulp Drying 10% Bleaching 10% EC BREF 2001; Jacobs & IPST

7 Major Findings: GHG Emissions Graphic paper (coated, no deinking) [BUWAL 2001] Graphic paper (uncoated, with deinking) [BUWAL 2001] Recovered pulp Virgin pulp Newsprint [EPA 2006] Newsprint [EEA 1999] Corrugated board [BUWAL 2001] Kraft paper, unbleached [BUWAL 2001] ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 kg CO2 per tonne of paper Note: Only includes GHG emissions from paper manufacturing stages. Recovered pulp emissions do not consider forest carbon sequestration. 7

8 Major Findings: Energy and GHGs of End-of-Life Pathways EOL Pathway Energy use (GJ / tonne) Recycling -19 to -7 GHG emissions (tonnes CO 2 e / tonne) -0.8 to to -3.1 * Combustion -10 to to -0.2 Landfilling with methaneto-energy recovery Landfilling without methane recovery -1.4 to to to 4 * Including forest carbon sequestration. EPA 2006; EC

9 Water use (cubic meters / tonne) Major Findings: Water Use Chemical pulp mills Integrated mechanical pulp and paper mills Recovered fibre processing, no deinking Recovered fibre processing, with de-inking EC 2001 BREF; Nilsson et al.,

10 SMM Technologies and Practices Life-cycle Stage Harvesting Potential Reduction Large carbon storage potential Example Practices Sustainable Forestry Management Pulping Energy use: 25% to 30% Water use: 25% to 50% Papermaking Energy use: 30% to 40% Water use: Up to 50% Combined Heat and Power Elemental chlorine-free bleaching Increased use of biomass Upgrade to best available drying and press technologies Transportation Energy use: 2 MJ / km GHG emissions: 50% Efficient routing; supply chain optimization Improved fuel efficiency End-of-life Recycling: 7 to 19 GJ / tonne Increased paper recovery Limit biomass discards to landfill Improved reuse, source reduction 10

11 Drivers and Barriers Technical Slow rates of capital equipment turnover for new technologies Over time, significant improvements are achieved Economic Cost savings associated with increased efficiency High capital costs and variability in market prices Social Increased consumer awareness of environmental sustainability issues A lack of access to data availability and information sharing 11

12 Outlook and Trends The global pulp and paper market is projected to grow through 2030 at a projected rate of 2.3% per year. Investment in new technologies could be challenged by high capital investment requirements and slow or uncertain growth / economic conditions. Shift of trade flows and production from established to emerging markets (e.g., China, India, Latin America) 12

13 Conclusions Wood fibre industry is a major consumer of energy, water, and manages large carbon stocks. Considerable opportunities exist to reduce energy use, water use, and GHG emissions across the life-cycle. Promoting SMM of fibres will require addressing barriers that impede adoption. 13

14 Acknowledgements Henrik Harjula, OECD Christopher Evans, Adam Brundage, and Randall Freed, ICF Expert reviewers and contributors 14

15 Thank You! Questions? Deanna Lizas ICF International

16 References EC. (2001). Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry. European Commission (EC). Retrieved April 14, 2009, from Jacobs, & IPST. (2006). Pulp and Paper Industry Energy Bandwidth Study. American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AlChE). Retrieved April 7, 2009, from Nilsson, P., Puurunen, K., Vasara, P., & Jouttijärvi, T. (2007). Continuum - Rethinking BAT Emissions of the Pulp and Paper Industry in the European Union. Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE). Retrieved April 14, 2009, from Smith, A., Brown, K., Ogilvie, S., Rushton, K., & Bates, J. (2001). Waste Management Options and Climate Change. European Commission. Retrieved November 26, 2008, from EPA. (2006). Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Retrieved October 22, 2008, from IEA. (2007). Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions. International Energy Agency (IEA). Retrieved from 16

17 Appendix 17