DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND FABRICATE OF LOW SPEED WATER TUNNEL AHMAD ZULFADHLI BIN MOHD KHALID UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

Transcription

1 DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND FABRICATE OF LOW SPEED WATER TUNNEL AHMAD ZULFADHLI BIN MOHD KHALID UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

2 DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND FABRICATE OF LOW SPEED WATER TUNNEL AHMAD ZULFADHLI BIN MOHD KHALID A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG NOVEMBER 2008

3 ii SUPERVISOR S DECLARATION We hereby declare that we have checked this thesis and in our opinion this thesis is satisfactory in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering. Signature Name of Supervisor : Mr. MOHD FADZIL BIN ABDUL RAHIM Position : LECTURER Date : 13 NOVEMBER 2008 Signature Name of Panel : Mr. DEVARAJAN A/L RAMASAMY Position : LECTURER Date : 13 NOVEMBER 2008

4 iii STUDENT S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work in this thesis entitled Design, Analysis and Fabricate of Low Speed Water Tunnel is my own except for quotations and summaries which have been duly acknowledged. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted for award of other degree. Signature Name : AHMAD ZULFADHLI BIN MOHD KHALID ID Number : MA Date : 13 NOVEMBER 2008

5 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS SUPERVISOR S DECLARATION STUDENT S DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SYMBOLS Page ii iii iv v vi vii x xi xiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background Problem Statement Objectives Scopes Significant of study 3 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction Type of water tunnel High speed of water tunnel Low speed of water tunnel Design tunnel Characteristic of water flow Flow in open channel Driving flow by pump 10

6 viii 2.4 Water tunnel design fundamentals Application to water tunnel Reynolds number in open channel 14 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research methodology and work plan Design consideration Concept design Theory consideration Flow rate of water in tunnel Energy flow Water delivery system Experiment procedure Filling the system Measuring flow rate of water Testing a model Cleaning up Bill of material and costing Fabricating process Base making Tunnel construction Piping system 30 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction Justification The tunnel Inlet and outlet of tunnel Pump Picture of water tunnel Function for each part 40

7 ix 4.4 Result Experiment to determine the velocity Experiment to test functionality of the system Discussion Modifying the tunnel design Modifying the base 55 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Summary of project Advantages and disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages Recommendations and suggestions 57 REFERENCES 59 APPENDICES A Typical values for Manning s n 60 B Typical velocity distribution for several channel 61 C Pump specifications 62

8 x LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page 3.1 Fittings and Hoses Total cost of base Total cost of tunnel Total cost of piping system Comparison value between calculation and experiment Velocity at 0.2 m from inlet Velocity at 1.0 m from inlet Velocity at 2.0 m from inlet Value of Manning Coefficient Pump specification (at 240V/50 Hz 2850 RPM) 62

9 xi LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Page 2.1 The Garfield Thomas Water Tunnel specification Cavitations tunnel Cavitating propeller model Experiment to illustrate type of flow Typical open channel velocity profile Conventional closed-circuit low speed wind tunnel Tunnel design Water tunnel design Honeycomb Flow chart for project Model for design Model for design The dimensions of the design Channel flow term Water Delivery System Laser machine a) Laser tool; b) Air-compressor Material used for piping system Important part in piping system Entrance region, fully developed flow, inviscid core, boundary layer 34

10 xii 4.2 Water flow in the tunnel Region where reflection occur Pump 0.5hp QB series Total head capacity pump curve Components of water tunnel Water tunnel after fabricating process Flow meter devise Ahmed body dimension Cylindrical model dimension The models placed in the tunnel Flow water after Ahmed body. Obtain from experiment Analysis using CFD software Flow after cylindrical model Experiment done by Bucci (2002) Uniform flows of water move pass the body Flow in open channel Typical velocity distribution for several channels Total head capacity pump curve 62

11 xiii LIST OF SYMBOLS Fluid density R H P w m Hydraulic radius of the channel Wetted perimeter Mass flow rate µ Dynamic viscosity w Wall shearing stress