Mixed crop-livestock farming systems: a sustainable way to produce beef?

Transcription

1 Mixed crop-livestock frming systems: sustinle wy to produce eef? Ptrick VEYSSET, Michel LHERM, Didier BEBIN, Mrielle ROULENC VEYSSET Ptrick, INRA Clermont-Theix, UMRH, F Sint-Genès Chmpnelle EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214

2 CONTEXT, AIMS Mixed crop livestock frming system: usully seen s idel, virtuous fming system Conceptul models, core concepts in gronomy nd economics, model sed studies: dvntges nd potentil gins highlighted Experiments: one question t the field or niml scle Wht out the productive, economic nd environmentl gins t the commercil frm scle? Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214.2

3 Method (1) Chrolis suckler cttle frms network (INRA) 66 frms, yers 21 & 211: 59 conventionl + 7 orgnic 2 sort vriles: % Min Forge Are (MFA) in Utilized Agriculturl Are (UAA) % Are dedicted to the cttle (hctt=mfa + nnul crops for feed) 4 groups: 3 conventionl 1 orgnic 1% Grsslnd Frms () n=7 Integrted Beef + crops for feed () n=31 Results comprisons (verge ) Structure, technicl, economics, environment Mixed croplivestock () n=21 Orgnic Frms () n=7 MFA % UAA hctt % UAA Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214.3

4 Method (2) Techno economic dt se Annul survey => 3 dt collected / frm / yer Techno economic pprisl => 3 technicl economic vriles / frm / yer Environmentl performnces Apprent nitrogen lnce t the frm scle Gross GHG emissions, cron sequestrtion, net GHG emissions (LCA) Non renewle energy (fossil energy) consumption (LCA) Anlysis of results 21 & 211 not significntly different => pooled into single smple for ech group Oservtions/group: =14, =62, =42, =14 Pirwise smple comprisons test: non prmetric Kruskl Wllis Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214.4

5 Structurl fctors UAA h Livestock Units Frm size (h UAA) 4 groups not significntly different Herd size (Livestock Units) frms: the iggest herds : the smllest herds Lour productivity UAA/worker: highest on nd lowest on nd. LU/worker: iggest on nd smllest on UAA h/worker LU/Worker Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214.5

6 Animl performnces Numericl productivity 4 groups not significntly different ( 85%) Livestock productivity (kglw/lu) : the lowest productivity ( 23%) % Type of nimls sold nd ftten more mles do not ftten their mles Kg LW/LU % fttened niml Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214.6

7 Forges re nd croplnd Forges Grss: stple forge for the 4 groups. Grzed nd conserved grss Conserved grss: hy for nd ; silge for nd Cerel yields 5 to 5.5 t/h for conventionl (not different) ; 3.2 t/h for ( 4%) Live weight production / h Not different for the conventionl system groups Kglw/h MFA 4% Minerl N / h uses more minerl N oth on MFA nd croplnd (for sme yield nd stocking rte) Kg N/h MFA Kg N/h croplnd Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214 c c.7

8 Feeding: concentrtes Kg concentrtes / Kg live weight % On frm concentrtes Purchsed concentrtes Despite hving (theoreticlly) etter qulity stored forge, nd groups re the heviest consumers of concentrte per kg of eef produced. group distriutes the highest mount of self produced concentrtes nd do not uy less concentrte thn the group. The use of concentrtes is more efficient for tht hve to uy in ll concentrtes nd for (price of concentrtes: +35%) use less concentrtes 58% Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / %.8

9 Economic performnces Economic results / h UAA 1,4 1,2 1, Gross frm product Income Fixed costs Opertionl costs Gross frm product / h UAA Similr cross conventionl groups Lowest for ( 2%) Frm income / h UAA Lowest for (costs/product=8%) Highest for (costs/product=65%) Frm income / worker 35, 3, +53% +2% 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214 Frm income / worker 2% higher on thn on conventionl systems : lour productivity offset the per h income gp.9

10 Environmentl performnces: GHG emissions Gross GHG emissions kg CO 2 e /kg lw Cron offset (% gross GHG) Net GHG emissions kg CO 2 e / kg lw Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214

11 Environmentl performnces N lnce kg N / h UAA GHG nd energy / h UAA 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, GHG CO2e Energy MJ c Energy consumption MJ / kglw Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214 Fuel Feed purchsed Fertilizer c

12 Sum-up Grsslnd Frms Less concentrtes/lu, less minerl N/h nd sme live weight production /LU nd per h Mixed crop livestock Frms More grss silge, more minerl N/h, less fttened nimls, more concentrtes nd sme live weight production/lu Higher mechniztion costs Orgnic Frms Lower niml productivity, lower stocking rte, ut higher self sufficiency Beef Frms with cerels for feed (on frm concentrtes) Intermedite etween grsslnd frms nd orgnic frms With higher lour productivity, higher inputs use, nd not higher production => mixed crop livestock frms re not more profitle nd post lower environmentl performnces.12 Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214

13 Discussion Conventionl eef cttle frms pper unle to trnslte mixed crop livestock strtegy into economies of scope Feed self sufficiency nd feed resources diversifiction Economic necessity for nd especilly for No productive nd economic gin to produce its own concentrtes for frms => energy nd inputs re not quite expensive! Input efficiency nd economies of scope Orgnic Frms: integrtion of crop nd livestock nd good system efficiency => groecology Lower efficient inputs use nd higher mechniztion costs for lrge frms => economies of scle? (limits of this dogm) Encourging complex frming system High lour productivity, simplifiction of prctices => incomptile with n efficient mngement of complex frming systems nd groecology.13 Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214

14 Conclusion A gp etween the conceptul model nd the rel world From iophysicl process to whole frm pproch Op mis on of iotechnicl process efficiency of the system Reserch, higher eduction, voctionl trining, nd lerning: need to long term systemic cross disciplinry pproches Pulic policy incentives tht support integrted frm production systems nd efficient use of fctors of production rther thn incentive to further expnsion (regressive susidies with the frm size, groenvironmentl scheme pyments) Knowing nd improving relity Collect nd dt nlysis: diversity of the frming systems, diversity of the territories => importnce of the technicl economic performnce monitoring frms networks.14 Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214

15 Animl Specil Issue 8 August 214 Agroecology: integrting nimls in groecosystems Ptrick VEYSSET / Mixed crop-livestock frming systems.15 EAAP, Copenhgen, 25 / 8 / 214