RECIPROCATING ENGINE POWER PLANTS FOR FLEXIBLE POWER GENERATION

Transcription

1 RECIPROCATING ENGINE POWER PLANTS FOR FLEXIBLE POWER GENERATION Polttomoottori- ja Turbotekniikan Seminaari Otaniemi Thomas Hägglund VP Power Plant Technology, Wärtsilä Corporation Power Plants 1

2 Agenda Future power systems Reciprocating engines in the 21st century Wärtsilä s product portfolio 2

3 Agenda Future power systems Reciprocating engines in the 21st century Wärtsilä s product portfolio 3

4 Power business is changing for good There is great potential in renewables But there are a few looming challenges that must be answered first... Grid stability Profitability Sustainability A lack of preparation can have severe consequences! Background reading: Wärtsilä paving the way for wind power 4

5 Capacity change in the EU Net electricity generating installations in the EU (GW) Global Wind installed capacity: 318 GW (end of 2013) Global Solar PV installed capacity: 137 GW (end of 2013) 14,0 Wind 30,0 Gas 25,0 PV 1,0 Nuclear 4,0 Coal 0,5 Fuel oil 12,0 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0-5,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0 0,0-1,0-2,0-3,0-4,0-5,0-6,0-7,0 2,0 0,0-2,0-4,0-6,0-8,0 0,0-0,5-1,0-1,5-2,0-2,5-3,0-3,5 Source: EWEA 5

6 Renewables create challenges in power generation (I) From 7 GW to 21 GW and back during one day (January 8 th - 9 th )! Renewable is fed directly into the system the rest of the power generation needs to be flexible! 6

7 Renewables create challenges in power generation (II)? How accurately can we predict the upcoming hours? 7

8 Europe Renewables Wind create Power challenges challenge in power remains generation (III) 8

9 Renewables create challenges in power generation (IV) 9

10 ...and what is the solution for this? The billion-dollar question How to integrate renewables without hurting the system stability? How much renewables can we handle? Is there any place for traditional baseload generation? The way to a billion-dollar answer Flexibility seems to be the key, instantly responding to RES output variations 15% of the total yearly generation cost in the USA is concentrated on the 80 most expensive hours (0.9% of the time), caused by unpredicted RES production drops. Being flexible is very, very profitable. Background reading: Article about the challenge of RES integration How to manage future grid dynamics (White Paper) 10

11 Power business is changing and we are driving the change There is great potential in renewables, and we have the means to make it even greater Flexible multipurpose plants are the key Ultimate combination of efficiency and flexibility Optimized both for preserving grid stability and providing baseload power when needed Able to match supply and demand faster, prepare for any future challenges and ensure better profitability Always ready to support the grid when intermittent renewables falter Background reading: Wärtsilä paving the way for wind power Smart Power Generation book Interview with M. Backman at BNEF Future Energy Power in pulses 11

12 Power business is changing and we are driving the change Load There Coal power is great plants potential in renewables, and we have the means to make it even greater Grid operator data from: Flexible multipurpose plants are the key Ultimate combination of efficiency and flexibility Gas generation Optimized both for preserving grid stability and providing baseload power when needed Able to match supply and demand faster, prepare for any future challenges and ensure better profitability Wärtsilä gas power plants Flexible generation Always ready to support the grid when intermittent renewables falter A real-life example: Plains End I & II, Colorado, USA Wind generation Faster ramp up s and down s Background reading: Wärtsilä paving the way for wind More power starts and stops In systems with high wind penetration, thermal power plants face Lower average load & more part load operation 12

13 Plains End Wind-chasing in the Rockies Plains End I and II, Colorado, USA Fuel: Natural Gas Prime movers: 20 x Wärtsilä 18V34 SG, 14 x Wärtsilä 20V34SG Output: 231 MW Operating mode: Peaking / Wind following Year of completion: 2001 &

14 Wärtsilä s proposal - Smart Power Generation Fuel flexibility Continuous choice of the most feasible fuel Solutions for liquid and gaseous fuels renewables multi-fuel plants fuel conversions Hedge for the future Energy efficiency Smart Power Generation Energy efficiency Highest simple cycle electrical efficiency High efficiency regardless of ambient conditions High plant efficiency over a wide load range due to multiple generating sets Competitive generation cost and high dispatch Fuel flexibility Operational flexibility Operational flexibility Unlimited, super fast, reliable starting and stopping with no impact on maintenance schedule Fast reserve, load following, peaking and baseload All ancillary services Grid support, wind enabling Multi-tasking plant prepared for future markets 14

15 Smart Power Generation optimises energy systems A unique all-in-one combination of valuable features that......enables the transition to a modern and sustainable power system! Energy Efficiency Affordable Fuel Flexibility Smart Power Generation Operational Flexibility Reliable Smart Power System Sustainable 15 Smart Power Generation is a new concept which enables an existing power system to operate at maximum efficiency by effectively absorbing current and future system load variations, providing significant savings. Background reading: Article about Smart Power Systems Learning Center (Technical comparisons)

16 Agenda Future power systems Reciprocating engines in the 21st century Wärtsilä s product portfolio 16

17 The future as seen by the IEA Reciprocating engines (i.e. ICEs) will play a paramount role in shaping our energy future. ICEs: Comeback of a well-known technology? Why is it so? Source: Energy Technology Perspectives 2014, International Energy Agency 17

18 Efficiency (%) Load increase / minute Multiple high performing units efficiency meets flexibility Plant efficiency depending on load Load-taking capability % 80% 60% 40% 20% 0 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Plant load Efficiency mode Spinning mode Efficiency mode 0% Spinning mode Highest part load efficiency of any thermal technology Wide unit loading range %, lower loads possible through skip-firing Firm (n-2) power (n=number of installed units) Typical unit availability > 95% Typical unit reliability ~ 99% Typical unit starting reliability > 99 % Flexible and expandable plant size Example: 10-unit plant 18

19 Loading sequences for different power plants Load % Additional power from Wärtsilä plant 5 minutes to full load! Load % mins 0 Coal Fired power plant Combined Cycle power plant (CCGT) Industrial GT power plant (OCGT) Aeroderivative GT power plant (OCGT) Combustion Engine power plant Note: Start up times from warm stand-by! 19

20 Load % Unloading sequences for different power plants Electrical efficiency for an operating cycle including start up, one hour operation and stop over 44 %! Load % Additional savings from Wärtsilä plant mins Combined Cycle power plant (CCGT) Industrial GT power plant (OCGT) Combustion Engine power plant 20

21 W18V50SG in cyclic operation rpm Start up net efficiency ~37% Loading (< 9 minutes) Full load net efficiency ~45% Stopping net efficiency ~38% 100 Load % 90 Synchronisation after 1 minute Stopping 1 minute Speed acceleration (25s) minutes Prelubrication (30s) Plant net electrical efficiency for the cycle of one hour >44% Engines in HOT STANDBY i.e. HT water > 70 C and lube oil > 40 C rpm Load 21

22 Operational flexibility vs. electrical efficiency 50% Electrical efficiency CCGT s Wärtsilä Flexicycle Wärtsilä SC 40% Coal Aero- GT s Nuclear Industrial GT s Starting time Ramp rate Part-load operation Flexibility 30% Low Medium High Steam Power Plants Simple Cycle Combustion Engines 22

23 Agenda Future power systems Reciprocating engines in the 21st century Wärtsilä s product portfolio 23

24 Liquid fuel engines Multi-fuel engines Gas engines Big power plants based on reciprocating engines Wärtsilä 34SG Wärtsilä 50SG Wärtsilä 34DF Wärtsilä 50DF Wärtsilä 32GD Wärtsilä 46GD Wärtsilä 32 Wärtsilä Plant size (MW) FUELS Gas engines: Natural gas, LNG, biogas Liquid fuel engines: Light fuel oil, heavy fuel oil, crude oil, fuel-water emulsion, liquid biofuels, Multi-fuel engines: Any combinaiton of the previous, plus in some cases other low-grade fuels like associated gas 24

25 Big power plants based on reciprocating engines 25

26 Gas and multi-fuel power plants based on big recips W34SG CMPP* MW W34SG CMPP* MW W50SG CMPP* MW W34SG GasCube 8 30 MW W34DF / W50DF CMPP* W32GD / W46GD CMPP* *CMPP = Compact Modular Power Plant Background reading: The solution to the RES challenge: Article about Grid Stability plants 26

27 Kiisa - from design to reality! Kiisa Power Plant, Estonia Fuel: Dual (Natural Gas & LFO) Prime movers: 27 x Wärtsilä 20V34DF Output: 250 MW Operating mode: Grid stability (200 operating hours per year) Year of completion: 2013 Scope: EPC 27

28 Kiisa - from design to reality! Kiisa Power Plant, Estonia Fuel: Dual (Natural Gas & LFO) Prime movers: 27 x Wärtsilä 20V34DF Output: 250 MW Operating mode: Grid stability (200 operating hours per year) Year of completion: 2013 Scope: EPC 28

29 Flexicycle - Recip-based combined cycle power plant Simple cycle mode for peaking Based on gas-fired combustion engines Fastest starts, stop and ramp rates 48 % efficiency Combined cycle mode for competitive base load power Individual heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) Common steam turbine 53 % plant net electrical efficiency 45 minutes to full efficiency and output Able to switch back individual units to simple cycle on the run Performance based on ISO3046, 5% tolerance The ability to switch between simple and combined cycle enables competitive operation on energy, capacity & ancillary services markets 29

30 Flexicycle - Recip-based combined cycle power plant Simple cycle mode for peaking Based on gas-fired combustion engines Fastest starts, stop and ramp rates 48 % efficiency Combined cycle mode for competitive base load power Individual heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) Common steam turbine 53 % plant net electrical efficiency 45 minutes to full efficiency and output Able to switch back individual units to simple cycle on the run Performance based on ISO3046, 5% tolerance The ability to switch between simple and combined cycle enables competitive operation on energy, capacity & ancillary services markets 30

31 Wärtsilä 18V50SG, the engine for the Flexicycle plant Natural gas fuelled, spark ignited, lean-burn, medium-speed engine 50 Hz 60 Hz Speed 500 rpm 514 rpm Power (shaft) Emissions (NO x ) (without back end cleaning) kw (1045 kw/cyl) kw (1070 kw/cyl) 90 ppm at 15% O 2 dry (TA Luft) 45 ppm at 15% O 2 dry (½ TA Luft) 31

32 Flexicycle operational flexibility % Load % % plant net efficiency % plant net efficiency START-UP LOAD FOLLOW :20 00:40 01:00 01:20 01:40 02:00 02:20 02:40 03:00 03:20 03:40 hrs:min Engine and steam turbine in HOT STANDBY mode, i.e. preheated 48% in simple cycle and 53% efficiency in combined cycle mode Fast start up and load following Flexibility and efficiency at the same time is a clear competitive edge! 10 32

33 Skagen an example of a flexible CHP plant Skagen, Denmark Output: 13 MWe and 16 MWth Fuel: Natural Gas Prime movers: 3 x 4.3 MWe Wärtsilä engines Operating mode: CHP 250 MWh heat storage 37 MW peak load gas boilers 10 MW electric boiler Total efficiency > 90% Start of commercial operation: 2005 Operation: Day ahead spot market in Jan Regulating power market in 2006 Automatic primary reserve market in Nov New, flexible technologies are best for grid stabilisation 33

34 Skagen an example of a flexible CHP plant Extreme flexibility thanks to gas-fired engines combined with heat storage and electrical boiler Engines run when profitable, boiler is fed when electricity price plummets 34

35 Conclusions Today s reciprocating engines are generally more efficient than comparable generation technology... perform much better at part load and at extreme ambient conditions... provide the much-needed flexibility in future power systems 35

36 WARTSILA.COM 36