The French and Indian War

Transcription

1 The French and Indian War

2 British/French Rivalry 1689: Glorious Revolution; England becomes a constitutional monarchy France ruled by Louis XIV; L état c est moi ; absolute monarchy France and England become bitter rivals

3 War Erupts French build Fort Duquesne in land claimed by Virginia (Ohio Valley) French crush Virginia militia under George Washington in , French and allies continue to defeat British militia

4 Britain Defeats an Old Enemy British troops capture Quebec in a surprise attack in 1759 William Pitt, British politician, leads Britain to victory Treaty of Paris ends war (1763), France gives up almost all its land

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6 French and Indian War Ends England announces new policies for the Thirteen American Colonies England now has an EMPIRE in North America

7 British Empire in N. America King George III, King of Great Britain The English NEED new policies. How do you govern an empire?

8 British Empire in N. America Problem #1: Land -Americans moving to Ohio area; increased tension/ violence with Natives -British Solution: Proclamation of 1763; stay out of the frontier and pay your own defense -Colonists say no and go in anyway

9 British Empire in N. America Problem #2: Natives -Chief Pontiac, Ottawa leader in Great Lakes region; fears loss of land and captures British forts -1763, Massacre at Fort Detroit -British sends 10,000 soldiers to America; hangs around Boston to watch Americans

10 British Empire in N. America Problem #3: Money -The wars cost Britain and left Britain in massive debt -Britain thought Americans should help pay for the war

11 Colonial Resistance and Rebellion The Road to Revolution

12 The Sugar Act (1764) Taxes sugar, molasses, and rum American colonists did not have representation in English Parliament Writs of Assistance; warrant to seize property 1765, Parliament repeals the Sugar Act

13 The Stamp Act (1765) Taxes printed items like wills, newspapers, cards, magazines Stamp Act Congress meets in NY (9/13 colonies) 1: Asked the king to end the tax 2: Declared no taxation without representation 3: Swore their affection to the king 4: Organized boycotts; don t buy British goods 5: Organized the Sons of Liberty -Sam Adams -John Hancock (prepared to riot first patriots)

14 Declaratory Act (1766) Stamp Act repealed Declaratory Act: we reserve the right to tax you any time we feel like it.

15 Townshend Acts (1767) Paint Glass Lead Tea Paper

16 Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 At night, colonists chastise a group of British soldiers, pelting them with rocks, snow, and ice A shot is mysteriously fired, and British soldiers begin firing in return After chaos settles, five colonists are dead

17 Boston Tea Party Tea Act lets British East India Co. avoid tax; undercuts colonists December 16, 1773, Boston Tea Party Sons of Liberty dump 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor

18 Intolerable Acts King and Parliament see the Boston Tea Party as something that should be punished 1: Brits closed the port of Boston 2: Any smuggler who disobeys the law of England will be tried in England 3: Troops will be sent to Boston (Quartering Act) 4: No town meetings to discuss anything

19 First Continental Congress May 1774 Military preparations, organize militias Boycott British goods Galloway Plan: separate Parliaments, shared King (failed) Committees of Correspondence: underground communication network

20 Lexington and Concord April 14, 1775 Sons of Liberty are storing weapons Soldiers march to Lexington to Concord

21 Lexington and Concord 700 British troops march to Concord to disarm colonial militia At Lexington, British soldiers fight 70 minutemen, 8 colonists killed British find Concord s arsenal empty; return to Boston, are ambushed

22 The Second Continental Congress May 1775 Congress forms Continental Army; George Washington in command Choose a committee to write a declaration of independence Sent King George the Olive Branch Letter; (attempt at peace)

23 The Battle of Bunker Hill 2400 British battle militia on Breed s Hill, suffer 1,000 casualties King George III rejects Continental Congress s Olive Branch Petition

24 The Patriots Declare Independence The Ideas Behind the Revolution Enlightenment ideas spread through the colonies: -natural rights to life, liberty, property -people consent to obey a government that protects these rights -people can resist or overthrow the government

25 Declaring Independence Thomas Jefferson, Virginia lawyer, writes document Declaration of Independence is colonies formal statement of freedom Lists British violations and colonists rights as citizens July 4, 1776 delegates adopt declaration

26 What was your biggest takeaway after watching the John Adams film? (Examples: What did you learn? What surprised you the most? What element of the story will stick with you for a long time?) Did you enjoy the film? Explain why or why not.