The Climate for Development: Where Next on Climate Change. Dr. Andrew Steer Special Envoy for Climate Change, World Bank Group

Transcription

1 The Climate for Development: Where Next on Climate Change Dr. Andrew Steer Special Envoy for Climate Change, World Bank Group Public Seminar at the World Bank Tokyo Office March 2, 2012

2 Are You Concerned about Climate Change? 90% 93% 80% 99% 68% 48% Source: Nielsen Global Online Survey 2011

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4 Off the Charts with CO2

5 Why Do We Care? Four Channels by which Development is Undermined: 1 Temperature increase (2-5 C) 2 Sea-level Rise (> 1 meter) 3 Extreme Weather Events 4 Shift in Hydrological Cycle

6 Australia floods Hurricanes in Haiti Russia s heat wave Floods in Pakistan

7 90 countries have registered 2020 mitigation plans with the UNFCCC (51 developing, 27 low-income)

8 EAP, (1990 = 100) GDP, PPP (constant 2005 international $) CO2 emissions (kt) PM10, country level (micrograms per cubic meter) 200 Energy use (kt of oil equivalent) SO2(Gg) 50 0

9 Carbon Intensity of Growth (kg per US$ of GDP, ) East Asia & Pacific (developing only) 1 Latin America & Caribbean (developing only) Europe & Central Asia (developing only) 0.8 Low & middle income 0.6 Middle East & North Africa (developing only) 0.4 OECD members 0.2 Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only) South Asia

10 Way forward: Business as usual or aggressive mitigation?

11 East Asian cities not much different from Western Cities in Per Capita Carbon (Tons of CO 2 equivalent per capita) Los Angeles New York City London Singapore Tokyo Stockholm Hong Kong SAR, Shanghai Tianjin Bangkok Beijing Jakarta China Source: Wang and others 2011 based on data from World Bank: Cities and Climate Change: an Urgent Agenda, 2010b.

12 Climate Negotiations Annual Road Show Copenhagen 2009 Cancun 2010 Poznan 2008 Qatar 2012 Bali 2007 Durban 2011

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16 Lots of Talk But Did Durban deliver?

17 The Big Picture Kyoto Protocol Roadmap to a Global Deal Green Fund Three major political pieces of the puzzle fall into place in Durban

18 A New Commitment Period under Kyoto Protocol 27 EU countries plus 11 To run from Jan Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to Continue

19 A Roadmap to a Global Deal (The Durban Platform) Process to be launched immediately to develop a global agreement with legal force applicable to all parties Negotiations to be completed by 2015, and into force from 2020 To address mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology, transparency and capacity building

20 Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board of 24 to be selected in next 3 months. 12 from developing; 12 from developed countries. Constituencybased. Bids for permanent secretariat by April 2012 World Bank as interim trustee. After 3 years a competitive process MDBs and others as implementing agencies + direct access Private Sector Facility

21 A New Technology Mechanism To Be operational in 2012.Purpose to help developing countries benefit from best technologies, and support adaptation and adoption Climate Technology Center and Network Call for Proposals to host

22 Billions 400 And Finally Money Climate Financing Needs (Annual) 350 $340b $220b $120b $9b Actual Funds ( ) Adaptation Mitigation Total Needs

23 We re Working in 130 Countries on Climate Change

24 WBG Low Carbon Investments FY03-10, $17 billion of Low Carbon projects: $6.2 billion of EE $8 billion of RE $2.8 billion of Low Carbon Policy Reform

25 Climate Investment Funds (CIF): 45 countries: $6.5 billion leading to $50 billion investment

26 Signs of Hope: $240 billion invested in Renewable Energy last year half in developing countries Newly-operating Ain Beni Mathar Concentrated Solar Power Plant in Morocco

27 World Bank Carbon Finance Projects Worldwide The World Bank s carbon funds are developing projects in 57 countries for many, their first carbon finance project Country with active project # Projects in country, if >5

28 Carbon Markets: Bridging to a Future Regime Catalyst for low-emission development CDM: US$27 billion (commitments) to developing countries over , associated with US$125 billion in low-emission investment Major challenges amid post-2012 uncertainties Yet, new initiatives signal long-term interest in market solutions California, Australia, South Korea China, Turkey, Mexico, Brazil WBG continues innovation to extend scope, scale and reach of carbon finance for sustainable development Ci-Dev Carbon Partnership Facility Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Partnership for Market Readiness Next Generation BioCarbon Fund d Carbon Initiative for Development d Scaling-up carbon finance 147 million National & sub-national REDD+ pioneer $370 million a Capacity building for market mechanisms for mitigation $100 million b Scale up of A/R, project REDD+ and soil carbon $75 million c Support for low-income countries to benefit from carbon finance $140 million c a Current b Preliminary target c Target, current $68 million raised d Launch COP 17 Durban

29 World Bank Green Bond Projects Energy Efficiency Belarus, China, Montenegro, Turkey, Ukraine Renewable Energy China, Egypt, India Adaptation and Water Resource Management China, Dominican Republic, Tunisia Sustainable Urban Transport China, Colombia, India, Mexico

30 World Bank Open Data Initiative and Climate Portal Making climate change data more accessible and usable Focus on vulnerability, resilience, DRM GFDRR Open Data for Resilience Initiative Little Data Book on Climate Change Climate Change Apps contest (Durban)

31 Green Policies in Thailand National Strategy for Climate Change Renewable Energy Development Plan Energy Efficiency Development Plan

32 Green Policies in Vietnam National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change National Program for Energy Efficiency Environmental Tax Law

33 Green Policies Malaysia Philippines Small Renewable Energy Power Programme National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Program

34 THANK YOU!