Influence of compost & wood chip mulch on greenhouse gas emissions, soil carbon & nutrient dynamics

Transcription

1 Influence of compost & wood chip mulch on greenhouse gas emissions, soil carbon & nutrient dynamics March 1, 2016 Compost Matters in British Columbia

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4 Biological activity

5 Biological activity Bulk density, Porosity

6 Biological activity Bulk density, Porosity Water-holding capacity Nutrient-holding capacity

7 Biological activity Bulk density, Porosity Water-holding capacity Nutrient-holding capacity Buffering capacity

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9 i. N fertigation

10 i. N fertigation ii. NPKB fertigation

11 i. N fertigation ii. NPKB fertigation iii. Compost

12 i. N fertigation ii. NPKB fertigation iii. Compost iv. N fertigation + mulch

13 i. N fertigation ii. NPKB fertigation iii. Compost iv. N fertigation + mulch v. Compost + mulch

14 Nutrient additions (kg ha -1 ) by soil amendment Total N Available N N NPKB Compost N + mulch Compost + mulch

15 Nutrient additions (kg ha -1 ) by soil amendment Total N Available N Total P N NPKB Compost N + mulch Compost + mulch

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18 MULCH: - Suppressed weeds

19 Soil: 0-15 cm depth Carbon (%) Nitrogen (%) Amendment N 1.5c 0.16b NPKB 1.5c 0.15b Compost 2.4a 0.21a N + mulch 1.7bc 0.15b Compost + mulch 2.1ab 0.16b

20 Soil: 0-15 cm depth Carbon (%) Nitrogen (%) Amendment N 1.5c 0.16b NPKB 1.5c 0.15b Compost 2.4a 0.21a N + mulch 1.7bc 0.15b Compost + mulch 2.1ab 0.16b

21 MULCH: - Suppressed weeds COMPOST: - Increased organic carbon and nitrogen pools

22 Effects of soil amendments on Mineral phosphorus dynamics? Mineral nitrogen dynamics? Greenhouse gas emissions?

23 Effects of soil amendments on Mineral phosphorus dynamics? Mineral nitrogen dynamics? Greenhouse gas emissions?

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25 Orthophosphate - P (μg cm -2 day -1 ) Ortho-phosphate 3 dynamics 2.5 N fertigation Fertigation begins Fertigation ends NPKB fertigation Irrigation ends Julian Day

26 Orthophosphate - P (μg cm -2 day -1 ) Ortho-phosphate 3 dynamics 2.5 N fertigation 2 NPKB fertigation Fertigation begins Fertigation ends N fertigation + mulch Irrigation ends Julian Day

27 Orthophosphate - P (μg cm -2 day -1 ) Ortho-phosphate 3 dynamics 2.5 N fertigation Fertigation begins Fertigation ends NPKB fertigation Compost N fertigation + mulch Irrigation ends Julian Day

28 Orthophosphate - P (μg cm -2 day -1 ) Ortho-phosphate 3 dynamics 2.5 N fertigation NPKB fertigation 2 Compost Fertigation begins Fertigation ends N fertigation + mulch Compost + mulch Irrigation ends Julian Day

29 Amendment N fertigation NPKB fertigation Compost N fertigation + mulch Compost + mulch Ortho-P (ug cm -2 ) 48c 54c 92b 46c 140a Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

30 Amendment N fertigation NPKB fertigation Compost N fertigation + mulch Compost + mulch Ortho-P (ug cm -2 ) 48c 54c 92b 46c 140a Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

31 Amendment N fertigation NPKB fertigation Compost N fertigation + mulch Compost + mulch Ortho-P (ug cm -2 ) 48c 54c 92b 46c 140a Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

32 Amendment N fertigation NPKB fertigation Compost N fertigation + mulch Compost + mulch Ortho-P (ug cm -2 ) 48c 54c 92b 46c 140a P added (kg ha -1 yr -1 ) Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

33 Amendment N fertigation NPKB fertigation Compost N fertigation + mulch Compost + mulch Ortho-P (ug cm -2 ) 48c 54c 92b 46c 140a Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

34 Amendment Ortho-P (ug cm -2 ) Soil C (mg g -1 ) N fertigation 48c 15c NPKB fertigation 54c 15c Compost 92b 24a N fertigation + mulch 46c 17bc Compost + mulch 140a 21ab Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

35 Amendment Ortho-P (ug cm -2 ) Soil C (mg g -1 ) Range in soil temp ( C) N fertigation 48c 15c 30a NPKB fertigation 54c 15c - Compost 92b 24a 26ab N fertigation + mulch 46c 17bc 20b Compost + mulch 140a 21ab 22b Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

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38 Amendment N fertigation NPKB fertigation Compost N fertigation + mulch Compost + mulch Ortho-P (ug cm -2 ) 48c 54c 92b 46c 140a Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

39 Amendment Ortho-P (ug cm -2 ) Petiole P (%) N fertigation 48c 0.1c NPKB fertigation 54c 0.3ab Compost 92b 0.2bc N fertigation + mulch 46c 0.2bc Compost + mulch 140a 0.4a Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

40 Amendment Ortho-P (ug cm -2 ) Petiole P (%) N fertigation 48c 0.1c NPKB fertigation 54c 0.3ab Compost 92b 0.2bc N fertigation + mulch 46c 0.2bc Compost + mulch 140a 0.4a Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

41 MULCH: - Moderated soil microclimate COMPOST: - Increased resource availability for soil biota

42 MULCH & COMPOST: - Increased P availability

43 Effects of soil amendments on Mineral phosphorus dynamics? Mineral nitrogen dynamics? Greenhouse gas emissions?

44 NO N (μg cm -2 day -1 ) Nitrate dynamics N fertigation NPKB fertigation Julian Day

45 NO N (μg cm -2 day -1 ) Nitrate dynamics N fertigation NPKB fertigation Compost Julian Day

46 NO N (μg cm -2 day -1 ) Nitrate dynamics N fertigation NPKB fertigation Compost N fertigation + mulch Julian Day

47 NO N (μg cm -2 day -1 ) Nitrate dynamics N fertigation NPKB fertigation Compost N fertigation + mulch Compost + mulch Julian Day

48 Amendment N fertigation NPKB fertigation Compost N fertigation + mulch Compost + mulch Nitrate (ug cm -2 ) 801a 818a 622a 51b 63b Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

49 Amendment N fertigation NPKB fertigation Compost N fertigation + mulch Compost + mulch Nitrate (ug cm -2 ) 801a 818a 622a 51b 63b Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

50 Nitrate (ug cm -2 ) Petiole N (%) Amendment N fertigation 801a 1.2 NPKB fertigation 818a 1.2 Compost 622a 1.2 N fertigation + mulch 51b 1.1 Compost + mulch 63b 1.1 Hannam et al Canadian Journal of Soil Science. In Press

51 MULCH: - Reduced soil nitrate concentrations COMPOST: - Similar effect on soil N dynamics as fertigation

52 Effects of soil amendments on Mineral phosphorus dynamics? Mineral nitrogen dynamics? Greenhouse gas emissions?

53 Greenhouse gas emissions from Canadian agriculture Note: does not include greenhouse gases emitted by farm vehicles or during fertilizer production

54 Climate change mitigation Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Program:

55 Climate change mitigation Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Program: CO 2

56 Climate change mitigation Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Program: CO 2

57 Climate change mitigation Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Program: CO 2

58 Climate change mitigation Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Program: CO 2

59 Climate change mitigation Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Program: Carbon dioxide Nitrous oxide Methane

60 Climate change mitigation Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Program: Carbon dioxide Nitrous oxide Methane

61 Greenhouse gas emissions from Canadian agriculture Note: does not include greenhouse gases emitted by farm vehicles or during fertilizer production

62 Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Program: Nitrous oxide + N 0.70 m greenhouse-gas-producing-enzyme-yieldinsights.html Nitrous oxide lost to the atmosphere is a waste of fertilizer! mesfin.fentabil@alumni.ubc.ca

63 Nitrous oxide emissions Pre-Growing Season (kg ha -1 ) Nitrogen Source N fertigation 0.6 Compost 0.4 Soil Surface Mulch 0.3a No mulch 0.7b

64 Nitrous oxide emissions Pre-Growing Season (kg ha -1 ) Growing Season (kg ha -1 ) Nitrogen Source N fertigation a Compost b Soil Surface Mulch 0.3a 0.7a No mulch 0.7b 1.0b

65 Nitrous oxide emissions Pre-Growing Season (kg ha -1 ) Growing Season (kg ha -1 ) Annual (kg ha -1 ) Nitrogen Source N fertigation a 1.6a Compost b 1.0b Soil Surface Mulch 0.3a 0.7a 1.0a No mulch 0.7b 1.0b 1.7b

66 Nitrous oxide emissions Pre-Growing Season (kg ha -1 ) Growing Season (kg ha -1 ) Annual (kg ha -1 ) Nitrogen Source N fertigation a 1.6a Compost b 1.0b Soil Surface Mulch 0.3a 0.7a 1.0a No mulch 0.7b 1.0b 1.7b

67 Nitrous oxide emissions Pre-Growing Season (kg ha -1 ) Growing Season (kg ha -1 ) Annual (kg ha -1 ) Nitrogen Source N fertigation a 1.6a Compost b 1.0b Soil Surface Mulch 0.3a 0.7a 1.0a No mulch 0.7b 1.0b 1.7b

68 MULCH AND COMPOST: - Reduced nitrous oxide emissions

69 Mulch - Suppressed weeds - Reduced soil nitrate concentrations - Reduced nitrous oxide emissions

70 Mulch - Suppressed weeds - Reduced soil nitrate concentrations - Reduced nitrous oxide emissions Compost - Increased organic carbon and nitrogen pools - Reduced nitrous oxide emissions

71 Mulch - Suppressed weeds - Reduced soil nitrate concentrations - Reduced nitrous oxide emissions Compost - Increased organic carbon and nitrogen pools - Reduced nitrous oxide emissions Mulch + Compost - Increased P availability

72 efc3-41db-b7d3-2081a10ede50/

73 efc3-41db-b7d3-2081a10ede50/ Reverse soil degradation

74 efc3-41db-b7d3-2081a10ede50/ Reverse soil degradation Increase soil C storage

75 efc3-41db-b7d3-2081a10ede50/ Reverse soil degradation Increase soil C storage Reduce use of chemical nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers

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