Preparation Including Processing

Transcription

1 Growers. Supporters. Advocates. Find out more about Canada s only national organic charity at Preparation Including Processing

2 Revision of The Canadian Organic Standards Specialty Crop subcommittee Honey / Poultry / Ruminant subcommittees Crop Working Group Livestock Working Group Preparation Working Group Canadian General Standards Board s Technical Committee on Organic Agriculture GMO Task Force Crop PSL Working Group Livestock PSL Working Group Processing PSL Working Group

3 Objectives of revision process To clarify intent To remove ambiguity To ensure wording is easy to understand To address concerns raised by producers, VOs, industry associations and the general public. To respond to requests for changes e.g. to PSL To ensure the standard remains true to organic principles.

4 Structural changes INTRODUCTION (Informative) I. Description II. General Principles of Organic Production III. Organic Practices 1. SCOPE 2. REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS Introduction (informative) I. Description II. General Principles of Organic Production III. Organic Practices 1. Scope and Application 2. Normative references 3. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 3. Terms and definitions 4. ORGANIC PLAN 4. ORGANIC PLAN

5 Structural changes CROP PRODUCTION 5.1 Land Requirements for Organic Crop Production 5.2 Environmental Factors 5.3 Seeds and Planting Stock 5.4 Soil Fertility and Crop Nutrient Management 5.5 Manure Management 5.6 Crop Pest, Disease and Weed Management 5. CROP PRODUCTION 5.1 Land requirements for Organic Crop Production 5.2 Environmental factors 5.3 Seeds and planting stock 5.4 Soil fertility and crop nutrient management 5.5 Manure management 5.6 Crop pest, disease and weed management 5.7 Irrigation 5.8 Crop product preparation 5.9 Facility pest management

6 Structural changes LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION. 6.1 General 6.2 Origin of Livestock 6.3 Transition to Organic 6.4 Livestock Feed 6.5 Breeding 6.6 Transport and Handling 6.7 Livestock Health Care 6.8 Livestock Living Conditions 6.9 Manure Management 6.10 Pest Management LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION. 6.1 General 6.2 Origin of Livestock 6.3 Transition of livestock production units to organic production 6.4 Livestock Feed 6.5 Transport and Handling 6.6 Livestock Health Care 6.7 Livestock Living Conditions 6.8 Manure Management 6.9 Livestock product preparation 6.10 Pest Management 6.11 Additional requirements for cattle, sheep and goats 6.12 Cattle 6.13 Additional requirements for poultry 6.14 Additional requirements for rabbits 6.15 Additional requirements for pigs and farmraised wild boar

7 Structural changes to Prep SPECIFIC PRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS 7.1 Apiculture 7.2 Maple Products 7.3 Mushroom Production 7.4 Sprout Production 7.5 Greenhouse Crops Production 7.6 Wild Crops SPECIFIC PRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS 7.1 Apiculture 7.2 Maple Products 7.3 Mushroom Production 7.4 Sprout Production 7.5 Greenhouse Crops Production 7.6 Wild Crops 7.6 Wild Crops 7.6 Wild Crops 7.7 Organic insects 8. PREPARATION AND HANDLING OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS 8.1 Integrity 8.2 Product Composition 8.3 Processing and Handling 8.4 Pest Management 8.5 Transportation 8. Maintaining organic integrity during cleaning, preparation and transportation 8.1 Maintaining integrity 8.2 Cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing 8.3 Facility pest management and post-harvest management 8.4 Transportation

8 Structural changes EMERGENCY PEST OR DISEASE TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR ADDING OR AMENDING SUBSTANCES IN CAN/CGSB , ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEMS PERMITTEDSUBSTANCES LISTS 9. Organic product composition 9.1 Product composition 9.2 Categorization of organic products 10. Procedures, criteria and conditions to amend CAN/CGSB Organic Production Systems Permitted Substances Lists 11 Bibliography (informative) Annex A (informative) Categorization of organic products Annex B (informative) Historical organic principles

9 General principles Previous list was replaced with updated IFOAM principles Principle of Health-Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible. Principle of Ecology-Organic Agriculture should be based on living ecological systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them. Principle of Fairness-Organic Agriculture should build on relationships that ensure fairness with regard to the common environment and life opportunities. Principle of Care -Organic Agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and wellbeing of current and future generations and the environment.

10 32.310, 1.4 Provisions: GE Previous Version 1.4.1a All materials and products produced from genetic engineering as these are not compatible with the general principles of organic production and therefore are not accepted under this standard, except for vaccines only that have been grown on genetically engineered substrates but are not themselves a product of genetic engineering, as specified in CAN/CGSB Revisions 1.4a All products of and materials from genetically engineering (GE) as defined in this standard, and as specified in 4.1.3, and of CAN/CGSB

11 GE Substrates 2015 Revision Substanceslisted in Tables 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 shall comply with prohibitions in Subsection 1.4 of CAN/CGSB The following additional requirements apply to substances produced on substrates or growth media (for example, micro-organisms and lactic acid): a. If the substance includes the substrates or growth media, the substrates or growth media ingredients shall be listed on Tables 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5. b. If the substance does not include the substrate or growth media, the substance shall be produced on non-genetically engineered substrates or growth media, if commercially available. Explanation: This newly expanded substrate criterion is relevant to biofermentation products such as yeasts, vaccines and other biologics, vitamins (B & C specifically), microbial products, enzymes, cultures including compost starters, biological organisms, amino acids and other assorted acids (ascorbic, citric and lactic) and xanthum gum.

12 g Preventing Commingling with GEs 2015 Version 8.1.5g Added Additionalmeasures are required to prevent accidental commingling of bulk at-risk organic seed or grain with non-organic grain which may contain trace GE contamination: i. Storage bins containing organic crops shall be visibly identified as organic using well-maintained, weather-resistant signage ii. When at risk organic crops are being moved between bulk storage bins (for example, grain drying, lot mixing) temporary signage shall be attached to the wagon or truck to visibly identify the load in transit as organic iii. When organic crops are held in bulk bins for drying or roasting, temporary signage shall be attached to the bin to visibly identify the contents as organic.

13 32.310, 1.4 Provisions: Nanotech Nanotechnology b) All products, materials or processes intentionally using nanotechnology, as defined in this standard, with the following exceptions: i) naturally occurring nano-sized particles or those produced incidentally through processes such as grinding flour; ii) contact surfaces, such as equipment, work surfaces, or packaging, where transference of nano-sized particles to organic crops, livestock or products is unintended and unlikely to occur. Explanation: No change from current version, but exceptions have been highlighted.

14 Definition of synthetic substance Previous Version A man-made substance formulated or manufactured by a chemical process or by a process that chemically alters compounds extracted from plant, microorganisms and animal or mineral sources. This term does not apply to compoundssynthesized or produced by biological processes, including heat and mechanical processing Revision Manufactured substance, including petrochemicals, formulated by a chemical process or by a process that chemically alters compounds extracted from plant, micro-organisms, animal or mineral sources. This term does not apply to compounds synthesized or produced by physical processing or biological processes, which may include heat and mechanical processing. However, minerals altered through chemical reactions caused by heating or burning shall be classified as synthetic. Issues: Heat vs chemically reactive heat. Petrochemicals.

15 310, Sec 8. Maintaining Organic Integrity during Cleaning, Preparation, & Transportation Preamble revised making it clearer that this section is to be used for all on or off-farm cleaning, facility pest management, storing, and transporting requirements. Sections reorganized to improve clarity. Product composition requirements moved to Sec outlines that incidental additives, such as hand products (cleaners, sanitizers, lotions etc.) culinary steam, cleaning and sanitizing substances, and lubricants, cannot compromise organic integrity Packaging materials cannot be the product of genetic engineering; or a product of nanotechnology if there is risk of transference of the nano particles to organic products.

16 310, Sec 9. Organic product composition More emphasis Organic product formulations shall consist primarily of organic whole or processed agricultural ingredients and organic processing aids. Other permitted ingredients and processing aids, as described in 9.2, shall be kept to a minimum Evaluation and calculation of organic percentages shall account for all constituent ingredients or ingredient sub-parts, distinguishing between organic and non-organic components of each ingredient contained in the product.

17 310, Sec 9. Organic product composition Permitted non organic ingredients (NOIs): no change BUT clarity added Non organic agricultural ingredients not listed in the PSL may be used: in 95%+ product; must meet 1.4a), c), and h); and subject to commercial availability. A commercial availability is not required for 70-95% organic product. Explanation: Commercial availability is required for non-listed agricultural ingredients in 95% a = GE, c = irradiation, h cloned. 6.2 in PSL is the GE substrate / growth media requirement.

18 Future work needed re: ag vs non-ag ingredients Regarding the 5% non-organic ingredients permitted in >95% products: Most tend to be overly processed substances. Some are agricultural derivatives. Examples : some flavours, lecithins, glycerins, maltodextrins, cornstarches and yeasts. fyiuwex.edu What has been done this round: Insertion of commercial availability clause (NOT A NEW REQUIREMENT) directly into specific substance annotations. Future revisions: the Organic Technical Committee will develop a working definition for ag vs non-ag and review all 311 section 6 listings through that lens.

19 310, Sec 9. Processing aids Processing aids allowed [in > 95% and 70-95% product] non-organic agricultural processing aids that meet the requirements of 1.4 a), b), c), and h), and any annotations listed in Table 6.5 of CAN/CGSB ; non-agricultural processing aids as listed in Table 6.5 of CAN/CGSB , subject to requirements specified in substance listing annotations. Explanation: adhere to the annotation for each substance listing in the PSL a = GE, b = nanotech, c = irradiation, h cloned.

20 Annex A (informative) Table A.1 - Categorization of organic products Summary Based on their percentage of organic ingredients, organic products fall into three categories: 95% a (or more) Categories 70-95% b (or more) May not contain an ingredient in both its organic and non-organic form. May contain up to 5% non-organic ingredients if the organic form is not commercially available. May contain up to 30% non-organic ingredients. May contain less than 70% organic ingredients. 310, Sec 9. Annex A Non-organic ingredients both classified as food additives, and not classified as food additives, must be listed in Tables 6.3 and 6.4, meet the specified annotations and address Subsection 6.2 of CAN/CGSB If listed in Tables 6.3 and 6.4 of CAN/CGSB , or even if not listed, agricultural, non-organic ingredients, must meet subclauses 1.4 a), c) and h) and Subsection 6.2 of CAN/CGSB Non listed agricultural, non-organic ingredients are subject to commercially availability requirements. Non-organic processing aids of agricultural origin are permitted, subject to the requirements of 1.4 a), b), c), and h); and any annotations listed in Table 6.5 of CAN/CGSB Non-agricultural processing aids are permitted if they are listed in Table 6.5 (processing aids) of CAN/CGSB Informative notes: a Products compliant with may be identified as organic. b Products compliant with may only declare the percentage of organic ingredients. c Products with less than 70% organic content may identify which ingredients are organic in their ingredient list. For full labelling requirements refer to current regulations. <70% c

21 Honey as an ingredient Heating of honey for extraction shall not exceed 35 C (95 F) and the decrystallization temperature shall not exceed 47 C (116.6 F). If organic honey is heated above those temperatures, then it can only be used as an ingredient in a multi-ingredient product. Explanation: When honey is used as an ingredient it may be heated to a higher temperature than honey sold as a honey product.

22 Structural changes (PSL) INTRODUCTION (Informative) 1. SCOPE 2. REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS 3. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADDING OR AMENDING SUBSTANCES IN THE LISTS 4. PERMITTED SUBSTANCES LISTS FOR CROP PRODUCTION 4.1 Classification 4.2 Soil Amendments and Crop Nutrition 4.3 Crop Production Aids and Materials 5. PERMITTED SUBSTANCES LISTS FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION 5.1 Classification 5.2 Feed, Feed Additives and Feed Supplements 5.3 Health Care Products and Production Aids Introduction (informative) 1 Scope and Application 2 Normative references 3 Requirements for adding or amending substances in the lists 4. Permitted substances lists for crop production 4.1 Classification 4.2 Soil Amendments and Crop Nutrition 4.3 Crop Production Aids and Materials 4. PERMITTED SUBSTANCES LISTS FOR 4. Permitted substances lists for crop production 5 Permitted substances lists for livestock production 5.1 Classification 5.2 Feed, Feed Additives and Feed Supplements 5.3 Health Care Products and Production Aids

23 Structural changes (PSL) PERMITTED SUBSTANCES LISTS FOR PROCESSING 6.1 Classification. 6.2 Other Categories of Substances 6.3 Non-organic Ingredients Classified as Food Additives 6.4 Non-organic Ingredients Not Classified as Food Additives 6.5 Substances Permitted in Products Whose Contents Are 70% or More, and Less Than 95% Organic Ingredients 6.6 Processing Aids 6.7 Pest Control Substances 6 Permitted substances lists for processing 6.1 Classification 6.2 Restrictions 6.3 Ingredients classified as food additives 6.4 Ingredients not classified as food additives 6.5 Processing aids

24 Structural changes (PSL) PERMITTED SUBSTANCES LISTs FOR Cleaners, Disinfectants and sanitizers 7.1 Classification 7.2 Section 7 does not apply to maple syrup production 7.3 Food-Grade Cleaners, Disinfectants and Sanitizers That Are Allowed Without a Mandatory Removal Event 7.4 Cleaners, Disinfectants and Sanitizers Allowed on Food Contact Surfaces including Equipment Provided That Substances Are Removed From Food Contact Surfaces Prior to Organic Production 8. NOTES (Informative) 8.1 Related Publications 8.2 Sources of Referenced Publications 8.3 Source of Related Publications 9. APPENDIX A ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEMS (Informative) REVIEW RECORD FOR GENERIC SUBSTANCES ADDED OR AMENDED 7 Permitted substances lists for cleaners, disinfectants and sanitizers 7.1 Classification 7.2 Section 7 does not apply to maple syrup production 7.3 Food-grade cleaners, disinfectants and sanitizers permitted without a mandatory removal event 7.4 Cleaners, disinfectants and sanitizers allowed on food contact surfaces including equipment provided that substances are removed from food contact surfaces prior to organic production 8 Facility Management Substances 8.1 Classification 8.2 Facility pest management substances 8.3 Post-harvest substances Annex A (informative) Alphabetized list of substances

25 Other PSL changes, Sections 6-8 Section 6 3 tables vs 4: Food additives (6.3), Non-food additive ingredients (6.4) & Processing aids (6.5) Unnecessary duplicate entries deleted Repetitive entries consolidated Annotations revised to what is permitted, rather than what is prohibited Annotations made consistent throughout PSL (origin 1 st, usage 2 nd ) Examples added into annotations Section 6 entries are repeated as necessary in the different tables Commercial availability requirements solidified in Tables Section 7 Clarifying changes in Tables 7.3/7.4 cleaners/sanitizers. (e.g. chlorine) and firm split: 7.4 requires removal event, 7.3 substance permitted without removal event. Section 8 Facility pest control moved to Section 8 New table in Section 8 for physiological control in post-harvest storage New annex A in : the entire PSL, alphabetized

26 Revised PSL listings Collagen casings (for use in making fresh poultry sausage). No Specified Risk Material, No GE (other ingredients); Extraction solvents, precipitation aids and carriers was added to fill an information gap on what is acceptable; Organic lecithin preferred when used as an ingredient or as a processing aid. Non organic lecithin satisfying a, may be used if the organic form is not commercially available. If bleached the bleaching agents must be food-grade hydrogen peroxide; Meat curing agents added into Table 6.3, allowing extracts, juice of celery or chard. Organic forms required if available;

27 Revised PSL listings Salt includes low-sodium and sodium-free substitutes The vitamins and mineral nutrients listing updated to reflect Federal fortification requirements and allowances The yeast listing clarifies that yeast can be certified organic Yeast foods for alcoholic beverages was added SO 2 listing expanded to include all types of alcoholic beverages including mead

28 Ascorbic acid PSL 6.3, 6.5, 7.5 Three different ascorbic acid PSL listings are relevant to preparation:

29 Ascorbic acid PSL 6.3, 6.5, 7.5 cnt d PSL Table 6.3 Ingredients classified as food additives. This is when: -ascorbic acid is used as a vitamin or a preservative and, -would be listed in the ingredient panel. There are no origin or usage restrictions in the annotation restrictions. PSL Table 6.5 Processing aids. This is when: -ascorbic acid is used to minimize browning during fruit or vegetable juice processing and it is added at the beginning of the process. - minimal traces in the finished product (not listed in ingredient panel). The ascorbic acid used has to be non-synthetic, if commercially available. PSL Table 7.3 Food-grade cleaners, disinfectants and sanitizers permitted without a mandatory removal event. Non-synthetic ascorbic acid may be used as a cleaner on organic product contact surfaces (equipment, storage and transport units ) and product.

30 Waxes 6.3 & 6.5

31 311. Section 7: Cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing Removal event definition added in Sec 3 of removal event (intervention subséquente) a procedure performed prior to organic production runs, batches or loads, to prevent organic product from coming into contact with prohibited substances or commingling with non-organic products. Examples of removal events are rinsing with potable water, letting surfaces drip-dry and purging a system with organic product PLS Tables 7.3 & 7.4 remain divided as Food-grade cleaners, disinfectants and sanitizers permitted without a mandatory removal event. Cleaners, disinfectants and sanitizers permitted on organic product contact surfaces, for which a removal event is mandatory prior to an organic production load or run.

32 PSL Section 7 Previous Version 7.4 Detergents: Biodegradable only (whose biodegraded components are not more harmful than the original components). On equipment. Sec 3 (310) Biodegradable (Biodégradable) Capable of biological decomposition into simpler biochemical or chemical components Revision 7.4 Detergents: Detergents shall be biodegradable (see Biodegradable definition in Section 3 of CAN/CGSB ). Sec 3 (310) 3.9 biodegradable (biodégradable) capable of microbial decomposition within twenty-four months in soil (with the exception of plant biomass), one month in aerated water, two months in anaerobic water, with minimal impact on the environment.

33 Assessing brand name cleaning products - NEW Requirement PSL Substances listed on Safety Data Sheets (SDS) shall be listed in Tables 7.3 or 7.4. To be eligible for use without a removal event, the ingredients of a product used to clean, disinfect or sanitize shall be listed on Table 7.3 if they appear on a SDS and/or a product label. Substances listed in Tables 7.3 and 7.4 shall comply with prohibitions in Subsection 1.4 of CAN/CGSB

34 Chlorine 7.3 & 7.4 Created two different chlorine listings for cleaning: 1. In direct contact with organic product without a removal event (7.3) 2. For use on organic product contact surfaces with a removal event (7.4)

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36 10: Procedures, criteria and conditions to amend CAN/CGSB Organic Production Systems Permitted Substances Lists Section 10 rewritten to make it easier to understand and use. Moving towards a Permanent PSL review process as the current structure is costly & time consuming; need for technical research; & documentation trail. Of 380 substances on PSL, more than 256 have been modified in current review process.

37 Acknowledgments: Maureen Bostock for crop & GE contributions. Anne Macey for assembling the first version and presenting it at the COABC 2015 conference. Thanks to Francois Labelle & Elsa Vasseurfor providing content from their presentation on organic livestock production issues at the 2015 Guelph Organic Conference.