New Era of a Hydrogen Energy Society. 27 th February 2018 Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry JAPAN

Transcription

1 New Era of a Hydrogen Energy Society 27 th February 2018 Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry JAPAN

2 Significance of Realization of a Hydrogen Energy Society 1Energy Saving Use of fuel cells enables high energy efficiency. 2Energy Security Hydrogen can be produced from various primary energy sources, including unutilized energy sources such as by-product hydrogen, flaring gas, and brown coal; and renewable energy sources. Procuring these energy sources from areas of relatively low geopolitical risk leads to enhancing energy security, and using renewable energy promotes energy self-sufficiency. 3Environmental Load Reduction Hydrogen does not emit CO2 when consumed. Applying Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology to hydrogen production or using renewable energy enables a completely CO2-free system. 4Industrial Promotion Japan is ranked first in patent applications regarding fuel cells and is strong in this field. 1

3 Direction of Activities to Realize a Hydrogen Society Production Transportation and supply (supply chain) Use Domestic fossil fuels City gas LP gas Byproduct hydrogen Overseas unused energy Brown coal Byproduct hydrogen Future Gasification Reforming CCS City gas pipeline/lpg supply network Liquefied hydrogen lorry Demonstration of the worldʼs first international hydrogen supply chain in 2020 Large-scale hydrogen ocean Transportation network Reforming Fuel cell cogeneration (e.g. Ene-Farm) Future Hydrogen power generation (CO 2 -free thermal power plants) Power generation Combined heat and power supply using hydrogen cogeneration in Kobe in early 2018 Overseas renewable energy Renewable energy Solar power Wind power Water electrolysis Water electrolysis *Use hydrogen as a means of energy storage (absorb fluctuations in intermittent RES) Installation of 100 stations nationwide Promotion of regulatory reform for cost reduction Demonstration of largescale for use in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games Hydrogen station Hydrogen pipeline 40,000 vehicles by 2020 Fuel cell vehicles (FCV, FC bus, etc.) Entered service in Tokyo in March buses by 2020 Use in the industrial sector (Power-to-X) Transportation Other 2

4 Basic Hydrogen Strategy 1 st Ministerial Council on Renewable Energy, Hydrogen and Related Issues (11 th April 2017) Prime Minister Shinzo Abe stated "Japan will be the first in the world to realize a hydrogen-based society.irequestrelevantministerstoformulate the basic strategy within this year. In particular, he request relevant ministers to accelerate the establishment of hydrogen refuelling stations streamline regulations formulate a common scenario toward the building of supply chains and the full-scale introduction of hydrogen power generation. Japanese government have formulated the strategy on December 26,

5 Points of the Basic Hydrogen Strategy Vision on 2050+Action plan by 2030 Position hydrogen as a new carbon-free energy option lined up with renewable energy Lead global decarbonization by hydrogen technologies of Japan Hydrogen cost target Present: \100/Nm 3 ʼ30: \30/Nm 3 Future: \20/Nm 3 <3 conditions for cost reduction of hydrogen> 1 inexpensive resources Supply side 2 Establishing large scale hydrogen supply chains Utilization side 3 Mass usage of hydrogen(fcv Power Generation Industry) 12Supply side Large-scale hydrogen production from inexpensive resources Use Brown coal or overseas renewable energy Procure massive amounts of hydrogen by developing international supply chains Develop the technologies (gasification, large-scale transportation, etc.) by demonstration of international supply chain between Japan-Australia/Japan- Brunei for commercialization around 2030 Utilizing regional renewable energy One of the largest scale Power-to-Gas demonstration in Namie town (Fukushima Pref.) 3Utilization side Accelerated dissemination of FCV/FC bus / Hydrogen station Self-sustaining business of Hydrogen stations by the late 2020s Expansion of hydrogen utilization, not only FCV but also bus, forklift, truck and ship. Commercialized hydrogen power generation (Mass consumption of hydrogen) Worldʼs first hydrogen power plant started demonstrated operation from January 2018 in Kobe. Promotion of demonstration and technological development for commercialization around

6 Scenario for Basic Hydrogen Strategy Supply Hydrogen Use Cost Power generation Mobility Present picture 2030 Target future picture Fossil fuel-based hydrogen (by-product hydrogen, natural gas reformation) FCV ~100 yen/nm3 (hydrogen station price) - (Technological development stage) 2,000 units 40,000 unites Developing international hydrogen supply chains Establishing technologies for renewable-based hydrogen production in Japan Scale-up Substantial cost cuts 30 yen/nm3 (1/3 or less) 17 yen/kwh (Commercial operation stage) Roadmap targets (Present) (2020) (2030) stations 100 locations 160 locations some 900 locations Hydrogen Supply chain development and demonstration, scale-up (Present) (2020) Halving hydrogen station costs FCV/Hydrogen stations becoming independent 800,000 units FC buses 2 units 100 units 1,200 units * 2nd half of the 2020s Forklifts 40 units 500 units 10,000 units CO2-free hydrogen (Brown coal combined with CCS, utilizing renewable energy) volume 200 t 4,000 t 300,000 t ~10 million t + α Utilization of fuel cells Ene-Farm Demonstrating hydrogen power generation, establishing an environmental value assessment system Strategic hydrogen station development, regulatory reform, technological development Relevant government organizations cooperating in developing hydrogen supply networks 220,000 units Ene-Farms becoming independent (commercial supply chain capacity) (Reference) 300,000 t in hydrogen consumption represents some 1 million kw in power generation capacity 5.3 million units (depending heavily on consumption for power generation) 20 yen/nm3 (1/5 or less) 12 yen/kwh Replacing gas power generation (Reference) 5-10 million t represents GW in power generation capacity Profitability improvement will allow hydrogen stations to replace gas stations FC stack technology development and cost cuts allowing FCVs to replace gasoline Introducing large FCVs Ene-Farms replacing traditional residential energy systems (Reference comparison) Natural gas imports: 85 million t/y Natural gas import price: 16 yen/nm3* *Conversion based on hydrogen s calorific value Unit LNG power generation cost: 12 yen/kwh Fossil power generation capacity: 132GW Number of gas station: 31,500 Number of passenger cars: 62 million Number of households: 5 53 million 5

7 Ongoing Projects International H 2 Supply Chain Japan-Australia H 2 Supply Chain Project Power-to-gas CO 2 -free H 2 Production Project Fukushima Supply Brunei Australia Brown Coal Liquefied H 2 Carrier Japan-Brunei H 2 Supply Chain Project Power-to-gas Plant Tokyo 2020~ Off-gas Dehydrogenation Plant 2020~ H 2 Olympic Flame Electrolyzer H 2 Power Generation H 2 Mobility H 2 Co-combustion Generation Demo R&D of H 2 Burner Systems H 2 Station Network H 2 Applications Demand *101 Stations by April in 2020 FC Bus JV by 11 companies Hydrogen Gas Turbine 2018~ Burning Simulation 2013~ FC Truck Demo 6

8 Revised Points of the Hydrogen / FC Strategy Roadmap Phase 1: Installation Fuel Cell (Current-) 1. Stationary FC Clarifies price targets of residential FCs disseminates without government support by around 2020 PEFC: 800,000 yen by 2019 SOFC: 1,000,000 yen by Fuel Cell Vehicles Sets the goals of market introduction About 40,000 FCVs by 2020, 200,000 by 2025, 800,000 by 2030 Aims at introducing FCVs in main market segment (price range) by around Hydrogen Refueling Stations Sets the goals of installations and self-sustaining business About 160 stations by FY2020, 320 by FY2025 *Needs around 900 stations in case of 300Nm3/h refueling capacity by 2030 Self-sustaining business of HRSs by the late 2020s Thereafter establishes adequate amount of stations in response to the spread of FCVs Phase 2: Power Plant/ Mass Supply Chain (Realized in the late 2020s) 4. Hydrogen Power Plant reflects a report by study group on power plant (March 2015), embodies the description Phase 3: CO2-free Hydrogen (Realized in around 2040) 5. Hydrogen derived from Renewable Energy States to launch a working group which handles technical and economic issues regarding introduction of CO2-free Hydrogen and come to conclusion by March Describes the promotion of advanced initiatives such as the reform 2020 project and Fukushima new energy society initiative 7

9 Step by Step approach to realizing a Hydrogen Society Hydrogen / FC Strategy Roadmap Phase:1 Phase:2 Phase:3 Installation Fuel Cell Power Plant/ Mass Supply Chain CO2-free Hydrogen 2020 Tokyo Olympic /Paralympics : Residential FC 2014: FCV 2017: Stationary FC around 2020: PEFC;800 thousand yen SOFC;one million yen FCV fuel cost HEV fuel cost HS; About 160 in total FCV; About 40 thousand in total around 2025: FCV toward volume zone FCV cost competitive HEV HS; About 320 in total FCV; About 200 thousand in total around 2030: FCV; About 800 thousand in total FCV: Fuel Cell Vehicle HS:Hydrogen Station HEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle - Accelerate RD&D - Realize reasonable Price 2 nd half of 2020ʼs: - Cost (CIF) : JPY30/Nm 3 -Enhance Supply Chain in Japan around 2030: -Import from overseas -Full Scale Power Plant around 2040: -Full Scale CO2-free (w/ Renewable Energy, CCS, etc) 8

10 Residential Fuel Cells Goals in the road map Progress Establish the self-sustaining market of Ene-Farms at the early stages, and disseminate 1.4 million units by 2020, and 5.3 million units by For the retail price of Ene-Farms (including construction cost for installation), aim at the price that can recover the investment within 7 or 8 years (PEFC: 0.8 million yen, SOFC: 1 million yen) by 2020, and within 5 years by Over 233,000 units diffused. (*As of January 2018) Average retail price of Ene-Farms (Including construction cost for installation) is about 1,140,000 yen. Payout time is about 12 years. * Excluding support by subsidized charge Diffused number of Ene-Farms [Unit] Changes in the diffusion number and retail price Installed units Selling price , fy 2010fy 2011fy 2012fy 2013fy 2014fy 2015fy 2016fy 2017fy * Based on determination subsidization base (As of the end of January 2018) Retail price [10,000 yen] 9

11 [Residential Fuel Cells] Trend in Overseas Deployment Major Ene-Farms manufacturers in Japan have been proceeded exploitation of overseas market through alliance with boiler manufacturers in Europe and others, and 600 units have been installed to date. Dissemination is promoted by utilizing political supports for installation overseas in the future. Trend in overseas deployment in Japanese manufacturers 1 Panasonic: residential fuel cell system jointly-developed with Viessmann was released in Europe from April And they launched New model corresponding to wider gas types in April Toshiba:In the spring of 2014, Toshiba announced about development of residential fuel cell system and marketing alliance with BAXI Innotech (an affiliate company of BDR Thermea). They will provide PEFC fuel cell unit. They started distribution in Korea in March Aisin Seiki: Provides home fuel cell unit of SOFC for Bosch in Germany as a part of Enefield Project*. Aiming at installation of 70 units.(until September, 2016) * Enefield Project is a promoting program to disseminate micro fuel cells for CHP by installing about 1000 units of micro fuel cells for CHP into residential house in 11 participating countries of Europe on a trial basis and validating its usefulness and economic efficiency from 2012 to EU capitalizes 26 million Euro. [Source] Created by Nomura Research Institute and the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy based on materials disclosed by companies and hearing 10

12 Goals of Fuel Cell Vehicles for Dissemination Goals in the Roadmap Launch FCVs onto the market by 2015, and aim at the market introduction as around 40,000 FCVs by 2020, 200,000 by 2025, 800,000 by Aim at realizing the price of FCVs having price competitiveness equivalent to that of hybrid vehicles at the same class by around Progress Toyota began selling its Mirai in December Honda began selling its Clarity Fuel Cell in March In September 2015, Toyota announced the estimated global sales of FCVs around 2020 as 30,000 or higher. The retail price of Toyota Mirai and Honda Clarity Fuel Cell are both around 7million yen. Further efforts to reduce costs for FC system and platinum catalyst are promoted. Toyotaʼs expected global sales of FCVs (Single year) Hondaʼs Clarity Fuel Cell (Vehicles) around 2020 Auto manufacturer Honda Motor Car's name Clarity Fuel Cell Retail price (including tax) 7,660,000 yen Launch March

13 Progress of Hydrogen Refueling Stations for Goals Goals in the Roadmap Progress Ensure about 160 HRSs in FY2020 and 320 in FY2025. For the price of hydrogen, aim at offering at the same or lower price as compared with the fuel cost of gas vehicles in 2015, and as compared with the fuel cost of hybrid vehicles by around HRSs are commercially available and 9 in process. (*As of January 2018) In HRSs currently opened, the price of 1,000-1,100 yen/kg, which is close to the fuel cost of hybrid vehicles, is strategically set. Open 92 Stations (In process 9 Stations ) * As of January Map of Hydrogen refueling stations [Kansai, Shikoku area] 15 Stations [Chukyo area] 26 Stations [Hokkaido, Tohoku area] 4 Stations [Chugoku, Kitakyusyu area] 16 Stations [Tokyo area] 40 Stations 12

14 Establishing an Inexpensive, Stable Supply System Production of hydrogen: Conversion into hydrogen carriers Transportation of hydrogen carriers Storage of hydrogen carriers Takeout of hydrogen Hydrogen sources in foreign countries Organic hydride Hydrogen is combined with toluene into methylcyclohexane. Hydrogen in this state can be compressed to a volume equal to 1/500 of the volume under normal pressure. Lignite Associat ed gas Production of hydrogen: Gasification, reforming of steam, etc. Refinement of hydrogen Byproduct hydrog en Liquefied hydrogen Technology has been established. Transportation under normal temperature and normal pressure Use of chemical tankers Technology has been established. Storage under normal temperature and under normal pressure Use of petroleum tanks, etc. It is necessary to adopt large-scale dehydrogenation equipment and to achieve high efficiency in dehydrogenation. Hydrogen is liquefied by being cooled to -253 C. Hydrogen in this state can be compressed to a volume equal to 1/800 of the volume under norm pressure. Use of hydrogen: Hydrogen power generation, fuel cells, Industrial gas, etc. Conversion into hydrogen carriers Hydrogen Combined with toluene Liquefaction MCH CH3 Liquefied hydrogen It is necessary to develop hydrogen ships. It is necessary to adopt largescale hydrogen tanks and to reduce boil off. Technology has been established. 13

15 Characteristics of Power to Gas (P2G) Technology Hydrogen Derived from Renewable Energy It is considered that a complex system of water electrolysis and hydrogen tank has high potential of application to the area of large scale and prolonged energy storage for the good reason that the complex system has small loss over time and high expandability such as hydrogen tank as compared with competing storage battery technologies in terms of advantage. It is expected that P2G can be a promising item as a countermeasure against problems related to power system interconnection during introduction and expansion of renewable energy in Japan in the future. Positioning of various electric power storage technologies Storage period methane flywheel Redox flow Lithium ion battery Water pumping Hydrogen Characteristics of energy storage using hydrogen (P2G) Advantageous to large scale and prolonged energy storage Impact from environmental conditions such as geography and geology is small. CAES Compressed air energy storage Storage scale [Source] Fuji Keizai 14

16 Draft Budget for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in FY 2018 Phase 1 Installation Fuel Cell Phase 2 Power Plant/ Mass Supply Chain Phase 3 CO2-free Hydrogen Focus on implementation from the present Realized in the late 2020s Realized in around 2040 Disseminate stationary FCs Subsidies for Stationary FCs [7.7 billion yen] Promote the accelerated introduction and cost reduction of Ene-farm. From FY 2017, support for stationary FC for business and industrial use is added. Disseminate FCVs Subsidies for HRSs [5.6 billion yen] Support HRS installations and promote creating new FCV demand. Support for FCVs [Included in 13.0 billion yen] Build a supply chain Demonstrations for global supply chain [8.9 billion yen] Demonstrate how hydrogen can be produced from untapped overseas energy resources, transported in the form of liquefied hydrogen or organic hydride, and used to generate power. Implement P2G field tests, etc. R&D of FC, etc. R&D of production, transport and storage R&D of FCs [2.9 billion yen] Conduct R&D for better performance and lower costs of FCs, and demonstrate stationary FCs for business use Stationary FC for business use R&D of HRSs [2.4 billion yen] Develop technologies for lower costs and safety of HRSs, and collect data for reviewing regulations. R&D for producing, transporting and storing derived from renewable energy [0.9 billion yen] Develop technologies of high efficiency water electrolysis units, tanks for storing liquefied hydrogen, etc. with the use of renewable energy sources. 15