USE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_08_04_125 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed USE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS K. Sunil B.Tech Final Year Student, Department of Civil Engineering, K L University, K. Sahithi B.Tech Final Year Student, Department of Civil Engineering, K L University, T. Reshma Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, K L University, K. Hemanth Raja Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, K L University, ABSTRACT The disposals of different industrial wastes pose environmental problems to the society as many of them are non-biodegradable. India having the huge network of industries and many more are being established since it is a developing country. With each passing year several million metric tons of waste is getting increased. As the usage of road increases the use of unconventional ingredients also increases. The inclusion of several other secondary materials and industrial wastes may be a boon in preserving natural reserves and conventional materials. These materials have been evaluated and investigated for practicing and utilizing in various ways in construction industry. Many materials like plastic wastes, scrap tires, mine wastes, crushed glass, foundry sand etc. This study aims to give a significant demonstration on the use of blast furnace slag which is an industrial waste- byproduct in the construction of pavement. Key words: Blast furnace slag, Marshall Stability, Unconventional ingredients, Wastebyproduct. Cite this Article: K. Sunil, K. Sahithi, T. Reshma and K. Hemanth Raja, Use of Industrial Wastes in the Construction of Flexible Pavements. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 Use of Industrial Wastes in the Construction of Flexible Pavements 1. INTRODUCTION India is one among the top 10 countries in terms of industrial growth resulting in an enormous production of industrial waste. The rate of industrial waste is increasing faster than the rate of globalization. This waste disposal has become a serious problem today which is threatening the environment and extinction of resources. The two types of pavement structures generally used are I) Flexible II) Rigid. Wastes from different sources can be collected and the materials such as foundry sand, iron slag, steel slag, glass waste, ceramic waste etc., can be used. The slag is of two types i.e., blast furnace slag and steel making slag. The blast furnace slag is obtained by melting the separated from blast furnace that produces iron. For each ton of iron approximately 290kg of slag is produced. Based on the cooling method there are two types of slag i.e., air-cooled slag and granulated slag. In this study the use of iron slag which is a blast furnace slag is a by-product of iron manufacturing industry is utilized in the construction of different layers of pavement. This study aims at reducing the cost of construction of flexible pavements Objectives This study promotes the usage of industrial wastes to reduce the cost of construction of flexible pavements and helps in preserving the natural reserves. 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1. Materials Materials used in the present study are the following Blast furnace slag Aggregates Blast Furnace Slag In the present study, the blast furnace slag sample was collected from Krishna industries Pvt. Ltd. near NH-5 in Vijayawada, state of Andhra Pradesh. The material was collected, mixed thoroughly and crushed into the required sizes. The different characteristics of the slag were investigated to check the feasibility into the different layers of the construction of the pavement and also the types of pavement. Construction of the pavement layers with slag alone leads to failure so it is mixed up with the aggregate. The mix proportions of aggregate and iron slag used in the present work are 75% and 25% respectively Aggregates Aggregates are widely used in civil constructions like roads, foundations, railway roads and drainages. Aggregates are natural materials which are obtained by mining and blasting into certain sizes. It has good compressive strength properties. Comparison of the properties of iron slag replaced aggregates and natural aggregates are shown in the following table: editor@iaeme.com

3 K. Sunil, K. Sahithi, T. Reshma and K. Hemanth Raja Table 1 Properties of aggregate (75 %) +iron slag (25 %) mix and Normal aggregates S.NO Properties Aggregates Iron Slag (25%) IS Specifications +Aggregates (75%) 1. Impact (%) Less than Abrasion (%) Max Specific gravity Water absorption Crushing (%) Max There are many ways in which bitumen can be used. They are like sealing, flat roofs, water proofing products. But mostly 70% of asphalt / bitumen is used in road construction. It acts as the glue or binder to aggregate mix and creates the asphalt concrete. VG 30 grade of bitumen is used in this project. The engineering properties of bitumen which are obtained from the tests of ductility, softening point, penetration test, flash test, fire test, and specific gravity tests are shown in the following table: Table 2 Properties of S.NO Property IS Specifications 1. Ductility[at 27 0 C] 76cm Min Softening point[ring & ball] Penetration test[25 0 C,0.1 mm, 100 gm, 5 sec] 65cm Grade VG30 80/ Flash and fire point c(flash) & c(fire) - 5. Specific Gravity[at 27 0 C] Gradiation of Aggregates Gradation has major impact on the performance of mix design. By gradation the voids are decreased by filling the smaller particles in between the voids created by large particles. Gradation of aggregates is done according to MoRTH specifications Section: 500 Table 3 Gradation Table. IS Sieve(mm) Cumulative % of passing weights editor@iaeme.com

4 Use of Industrial Wastes in the Construction of Flexible Pavements 2.3. Marshall Stability Marshall Stability is performed to find out the stability and flow values of specimen. 1. A specimen is prepared according to MoRTH specifications Section From the Marshall Stability test we get the following properties a) % of air voids (V v ). b) Specific gravity (G t ). c) % volume of bitumen (V b ). d) Bulk specific gravity (G m ). e) in mixed aggregates (VMA). f) Voids filled with bitumen (VFB). 3. Graphs are plotted between bitumen content vs G m, V v, Stability, Flow, and VFB which are show in result and discussion section below. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results of nominal mix design from the Marshall Stability test are shown in the following table: Mix Table 4 Analysis of Marshall Stability test results for nominal mix Percentage Average Marshall Stability (kg) Flow(mm) Unit Weight(g/cm 2 ) in total mix filled by bitumen C Desired Marshall mix design[irc] Specified values The results of modified mix design (iron slag (25%) +aggregate (75%)) from the Marshall Stability test are shown in the following table: Table 5 Analysis of Marshall Stability test results for modified mix M1 Mix Desired Marshall mix design[irc ] Specified values Percentage Average Marshall Stability (kg) Flow(mm) Unit Weight(g/cm 2 ) in total mix filled by bitumen editor@iaeme.com

5 K. Sunil, K. Sahithi, T. Reshma and K. Hemanth Raja Plotted the graph s between the Content vs G t, V v, VFB, Stability, Flow values from Marshall Stability results % VOIDS IN TOTAL MIX MARSHAL STABILITY(KG) Figure 1 Content vs. % of Voids in Total Mix. Figure 2 Content vs Marshall Stability value Iron+Aggregate Mix % VOID FILLRD BY BITUMEN UNIT WEIGHT (g/cc) Figure 3 Content vs % of voids filled by bitumen Figure 4 Content vs Unit Weight FLOW(MM) Figure 5 Content vs Flow editor@iaeme.com

6 Use of Industrial Wastes in the Construction of Flexible Pavements 4. CONCLUSION The Optimum Binder Content obtained from the average peak values of unit weight, % of voids in total mix and Marshall Stability for conventional mix is 5.5% and that of modified mix is 5.57%.The values of the different tests obtained from the modified mix meets the requirements as per Indian Standard. Hence making it useful in the replacement of aggregates with the iron slag in pavement construction. Iron slag can be used for less traffic volume. Percentage (%) of voids in total mix at 5% of content is maximum at both nominal and modified mix and then gradually decreases. Maximum stability of modified mix is 21.97KN at 6% of bitumen content. Flow value of modified mix decreases when compared with nominal mix REFERENCES [1] Arun Kumar.U, Satyanarayana.P.V.V, 13(1)-Jan-Feb 2016, A Study on Impact of Industrial Wastes Utilization as Granular Sub Base (GSB) Material in Flexible Pavement Construction, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE). [2] Ashok Kumar, Parveen Berwal, 3(10)-October 2016, Study on Slag used in Pavement Sub-base, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET). [3] Chirag jain, Gyanendra Sharma, Govind Vaishnav, Ishu Khanna, Mohit Jaiman, 3(5) May 2016, A Review on use of industrial waste in sub base of flexible pavement,ssrg International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE). [4] G. Aditya,M. T. S. Lakshmayya, 3(3)-August 2016, Effective Utilization of Various Industrial Wastes in Concrete for Rigid Pavement Construction A Literature Review, IJIRST International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology. [5] IRC, Guidelines for the design of flexible pavement, IRC , Indian Road Congress. [6] K V Subrahmanyam, U Arun Kumar, Dr. PVV Sathyanarayana, 1(3)-August 2014, A Comparative Study on Utilization of Waste Materials in GSB Layer, SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering(IJCE). [7] M. Abukhettala, May 2016, Use of Recycled Materials in Road Construction. [8] Ministry of Roads Transport and Highways (MoRTH) 2013, Specifications for Road and Bridges works, Fifth Revision, Indian Road Congress New Delhi. [9] Sandip.S.Patil, S.S.Bachhav, D.Y.Kshirsagar, 5(11)-May 2016, Use of steel slag in construction of flexible pavement, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT),ISSN: [10] Tara Sen, Umesh Mishra, 1(2)-June 2010, Use of Industrial Waste Products in Village Road Construction, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, ISSN: [11] V. Ranga Rao, D.S.R. Murty and M. Achyutha Kumar Reddy, Study on Strength and Behavior of Conventionally Reinforced Short Concrete Columns with Cement from Industrial Wastes Under Uniaxial Bending. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp editor@iaeme.com