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Transcription

1 European Commission ESTAT 'RF:$67( 2ULJLQDOLQ(1DYDLODEOHLQ)5'(DQG(6 3RLQWRIWKHDJHQGD 5HF\FOLQJ)RUXP 3/$1,67$70DUWDGH0HGLQD5RVDOHV Meeting of the Working Group "Statistics of the Environment" Sub-Group Waste Joint Eurostat/EFTA Group 0HHWLQJRIDQG-DQXDU\ %HFK%XLOGLQJ±5RRP4XpWHOHW

2 5HF\FOLQJ)RUXP,1752'8&7,21 As a follow up to the Communication from the Commission on the Competitiveness of the Recycling Industries, DGIII and DGXI have, in a joint initiative, created the Recycling Forum. The objective of this group is to establish links between environmental protection and industry. The main participants in the Forum are a number of industrial associations from different sectors (plastics, glass, papers, textiles, ferrous and non-ferrous metals etc.), NGOs, the EEA, ETC/W and Commission services (Industry DG, Environment DG and Eurostat). The overall aim is that the Forum should be able to report back to the Commission on its findings by the beginning of the year A report containing concrete recommendations on how to improve the competitiveness and performance of the recycling industry should be drafted. In order to achieve these objectives the core work of the Forum is broken down into four working groups: Group A: Economic/environmental/social diagnostics and statistics Group B: Market developments and standards Group C: Innovation and research Group D: Regulatory approaches Eurostat participates in working group A of the Forum. The objectives of this working group are the following: A. To gather a coherent picture of recycling performance in the main sectors B. To compare national and sectoral experiences in collection and recycling and to examine good and bad practices C. To assimilate data on the costs of recycling in the main sectors D. To look at the problems associated with integrating environmental, economic and social interests E. To look at how the definitions of waste and recycling impact on economics It is clear that there is a need to compile and report information on recycling activities that is comprehensive and suitable for comparison. In order to help to meet these objectives, Eurostat has drafted this paper based on Eurostat s External Trade Statistics database (COMEXT), which will permit an overview of the existing trade of waste materials with certain values. This type of analysis leads to a better comprehension of the use and need for recycling. Waste Jan/00/9 P. 2

3 ,1)/8(1&(2)75$'(,17+(5(&<&/,1*,1'8675< Many materials regarded as waste can be recovered by means of recycling or re-use with a view to extracting secondary raw materials by means of a process of cleaning, breaking etc. These products used as secondary raw materials are considered to be materials of economic value and therefore they are not always considered as waste. The data presented in this paper were extracted from the EU s database on external trade (COMEXT). The selection made is based on a report published by Eurostat in the beginning of 1997 'EU12 trade in commercially valuable waste materials'. This report gives some information on trade in some selected waste materials among Member States and between the EU and the rest of the world. It covers a series of years between 1988 and 1994 and analyses the impact that the new system of collecting data 'Intrastat', has had on foreign trade figures in the area of waste materials. Data on all external trade by the Member States of the European Union was collected by means of the 'Single Administrative Document' (SAD) until the end of With the creation of the Single Market in January 1993, borders between Member States were abolished and the free movement of goods began. Customs controls at the borders disappeared and the SAD was abolished for the purposes of trade between Member States and was replaced by a new system called 'Intrastat' which places the burden of reporting on businesses. Trade between EU and the rest of the world continues to be registered by means of the SAD, with the same thresholds as were applied before With the implementation of Intrastat, businesses send declarations to national statistical offices, which then forward it to Eurostat only when certain threshold levels of monetary value and/or net weight of a shipment are exceeded. Transactions concerning waste materials are often low-value transactions (no value or even negative), and not subject to statistical exclusion. Therefore, most trade in waste materials is not covered by conventional external trade data and it is consequently difficult to have a true picture of the missing stream. Once the statistical data from enterprises have arrived at the national statistical offices, they are processed locally and the same data are stored in Eurostat s COMEXT database. Eurostat s COMEXT database contains data relating to the Union s and Member States commercial exchanges according to the Combined Nomenclature (CN). 1 All of the goods covered have a certain value and none of waste materials are destined for disposal. The CN is a commodity-oriented classification so it does not provide a uniform definition for waste materials. In the CN 'waste' and 'scrap' are specified by a number of headings: some distinguish the two categories, others comprise both and others combine waste and scrap with other primary raw materials. An analysis of the CN reveals that it contains around 80 items that can be selected as commercially valuable waste materials. 1 EU trade nomenclature. This is the classification used for purposes of foreign trade serving the Community as a tariff and statistical classification since 1 st January 1988; it is revised every year. Waste Jan/00/9 P. 3

4 This selection was made using some criteria which may be considered subjective, such as : exclusion of items that do not require preliminary treatment or transformation, or sorting before use, existence of major traditional markets etc. Because of the subjectivity of the criteria and analysis, the exclusion and selection of items may be discussed. This document analyses the data for the materials requested by the Recycling Forum: ferrous metals, aluminium, copper, lead, zinc, and nickel, as well as paper and paperboard. Analysis of the data reveals discrepancies between the symmetrical flows (intra-eu15). These are called mirror discrepancies (i.e. the differences between the import figures reported by an importing country and the export data of the exporting country for the same period). These discrepancies may be due to the fact that waste materials recorded as exports by the exporting Member State may: be recorded in the imports of the importing Member State with a different value. not be recorded in the imports of the trading partner because on arrival at destination they are placed under transit. be recorded in the imports of the trading partner during a later period or under a different statistical heading. The CN-codes included in each category have been selected by means of the criteria mentioned above; the figures should therefore be stated with care. These selected codes are the following: )HUURXVPHWDOV Waste and scrap of cast iron (ECSC) Waste and scrap of stainless steel (ECSC) Waste and scrap of alloy steel other than stainless steel Waste and scrap of tinned iron or steel (ECSC) Ferrous waste and scrap other than of cast iron, of alloy steel and of tinned iron or steel. Turnings, shavings, chips, milling waste, sawdust, filings, trimmings and stampings, whether or not in bundles Ferrous waste and scrap other than of cast iron, of alloy steel, of tinned iron or steel and, other than turnings, shavings, chips, milling waste, sawdust, filings, trimmings and stampings, whether or not in bundles Remelting scrap ingots [of iron or steel] Used rails (ECSC) $OXPLQLXP Ash and residues (other than from the manufacture of iron or steel), containing mainly aluminium Aluminium waste and scrap Waste Jan/00/9 P. 4

5 &RSSHU Ash and residues (other than from the manufacture of iron or steel), containing mainly copper Copper waste and scrap /HDG Ash and residues (other than from the manufacture of iron or steel), containing mainly lead Lead waste and scrap =LQF Hard zinc spelter Zinc waste and scrap 1LFNHO Nickel waste and scrap 3DSHUSDSHUERDUGDQGSDSHUSURGXFWV Waste and scrap of unbleached craft paper or paperboard or of corrugated paper or paperboard Waste and scrap of other paper or paperboard made mainly of bleached chemical pulp, not coloured in the mass Waste and scrap of paper or paperboard made mainly of mechanical pulp (for example newspapers, journals, and similar printed matter) Waste and scrap of other [of paper or paperboard], including unsorted waste and scrap The category ferrous metals comprises eight CN codes that include waste and scrap of ferrous metals and therefore they have been considered as such. The category paper and paperboard includes four CN codes. The rest of the categories include a maximum of two positions. This document gives information on trade in tonnes and ECU, in the waste materials selected, among Member States and between the EU and the rest of the world, covering the period Waste Jan/00/9 P. 5

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8 7DEOH&RSSHU,QWUD(8LPSRUWV ([WUD(8LPSRUWV RWDOLPSRUWV ,QWUD(8H[SRUWV ([WUD(8H[SRUWV DEOH/HDG 7RWDOH[SRUWV ,QWUD(8LPSRUWV ([WUD(8LPSRUWV RWDOLPSRUWV ,QWUD(8H[SRUWV ([WUD(8H[SRUWV RWDOH[SRUWV Waste Jan/00/9 P. 8

9 7DEOH=LQF,QWUD(8LPSRUWV ([WUD(8LPSRUWV RWDOLPSRUWV ,QWUD(8H[SRUWV ([WUD(8H[SRUWV RWDOH[SRUWV DEOH1LFNHO,QWUD(8LPSRUWV ([WUD(8LPSRUWV RWDOLPSRUWV ,QWUD(8H[SRUWV ([WUD(8H[SRUWV RWDOH[SRUWV Waste Jan/00/9 P. 9

10 7DEOH3DSHUSDSHUERDUGDQGSDSHUSURGXFWV,QWUD(8LPSRUWV ([WUD(8LPSRUWV RWDOLPSRUWV ,QWUD(8H[SRUWV ([WUD(8H[SRUWV RWDOH[SRUWV Waste Jan/00/9 P. 10