Industrial Pollution Prevention and Control Policies and Laws

Transcription

1 Industrial Pollution Prevention and Control Policies and Laws Singapore delegates : Mr Tan Seng Huat, Principal Engineer Mr Sivapalan Perumal, Senior Engineer Pollution Control Department, National Environment Agency Regional Forum on Environmental Compliance in Industrial Sector Bangkok, Thailand Sep 2015

2 Order of Presentation Introduction Fundamental Principles Strategy of Air & Water Pollution Control Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement Sources of Pollution Current Gaps

3 Introduction : Pollution Control in Singapore Singapore is an island city-state Land area sq. km Singapore Population 5.47 million Population Density 7,600 per sq. km It is highly urbanised and industrialised with major industries like oil refineries, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, wafer fabrication plants, electronic manufacturing plants and ship repair and oil rig fabrication yards.

4 Introduction : Pollution Control in Singapore In the 1950s and 60s, poverty and unemployment were serious concerns In order to provide employment after Singapore s independence in 1965, intensive industrialisation programme was implemented In the process of industrialisation, there were also parallel developments in the housing, commercial and service sectors All these developments generated pollution, wastewater and solid waste

5 Introduction : Pollution Control in Singapore Proper planning and implementation of pollution control measures have been carried out Present generation enjoys an environment that is clean and green, and has a high standard of public health All levels of pollutants in the ambient air are within international standards All inland and coastal waters support aquatic life

6 Fundamental Principles Fundamental Principles Control Pollution at Sources Polluter Pays Principle Pre-empt & Take Early Action Innovation & Technology Environmental Ownership 6

7 Organisational Structure Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR) National Environment Agency (NEA) PUB Singapore s national water agency

8 National Environment Agency (NEA) NEA is the leading public organization responsible for improving and sustaining a clean and green environment in Singapore.

9 Environmental Protection Division Radiation Protection and Nuclear Science Dept Energy Efficiency and Conservation Dept Pollution Control Dept Central Building Plan Dept Environmental Protection Division Waste and Resource Management Dept

10 Key Programmes Pollution Control Controls air, water and noise pollution, and regulates hazardous substances and toxic industrial wastes through prevention, enforcement and monitoring. Develops and implements joint programmes on trans boundary pollution with the neighbouring countries. Solid Waste Management Plans, develops and manages refuse disposal facilities; licenses waste collectors; regulates refuse collection for the domestic and trade premises in the nine sectors; and enforces illegal dumping. Promotes the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) to conserve resources. Energy Efficiency Promotes energy efficiency and conservation to improve air quality, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change. The Energy Efficiency Programme Office (E2PO) integrates the overall efforts of the public, private and people sectors to improve energy efficiency. Radiation Protection & Nuclear Safety Administers and enforces the Radiation Protection Act and Regulations through licensing and inspections. Central Building Plan Involved in land-use planning, Pollution Control Studies (PCS) and Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Evaluate the submissions of Building Plan (BP) to factor in environmental considerations

11 Pollution Control Department Pollution Control Controls air, water and noise pollution, and regulates hazardous substances and toxic industrial wastes through prevention, enforcement and monitoring. Develops and implements joint programmes on transboundary pollution with the neighbouring countries. Pollution Control Department Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Inspectorate Construction Noise Chemical Control Vehicle Emissions Unit Quality Service

12 PREVENTION EDUCATION & ENGAGEMENT Environmental Management Strategy LEGISLATION & ENFORCEMENT MONITORING

13 Land Use Planning Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) National Authority for land use planning Prepares Concept Plan and Land Use Master Plans Land is zoned for specific uses such as residential, commercial, industrial, etc Environmental requirements are factored into the plans Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

14 Land Use Zoning xx Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

15 Air Pollution Control Licences required for scheduled premises Industries designed or provided with pollution control equipment to comply with allowable emission standards for air pollutants Fuel burning equipment to use fuel of specified quality and equipped with a chimney of approved height Sulphur in fuel controlled Open fire prohibited SO 2 capping policy Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

16 Water Pollution Control Trade effluent pre-treated to allowable discharge limits for discharge into a public sewer or watercourse Industries may pay tariffs for the discharge of trade effluent containing biodegradable pollutants into the public sewer Containment facilities provided for oil and chemical storage tanks Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

17 Legislation & Enforcement Part I Part II Part III The Environmental Protection and Management Act (EPMA) Preliminary Administration Use of Scheduled Premises Part IV Air Pollution Control Part V Part VI Water Pollution Control Land Pollution Control Part VII Hazardous Substances Control Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

18 Legislation & Enforcement a) Environmental Protection and Management Act & Regulations Environmental Protection & Management (Trade Effluent) Regulations Environmental Protection & Management (Air Impurities) Regulations Environmental Protection & Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations b) Sewerage & Drainage Act Sewerage and Drainage (Trade Effluent) Regulations Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

19 Enforcement Conduct regular inspections and checks on industries Ensure compliance with emission / discharge standards Emphasis is placed on self monitoring by industries (ph monitoring cum effluent discharge control system at last IC of premises) Testing flue gas emission for compliance with emission standards (See Picture) Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

20 Enforcement - Abatement Measures & Initiatives Stationary (Industrial) & Mobile (Vehicle) Sources Industrial CCTV system Telemetric in-stack continuous monitoring system Vehicle emission checks Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

21 Environmental Monitoring Regular monitoring of ambient air quality, and inland and coastal waters via o Continuous telemetric air monitoring system o Sampling of water qualities of rivers, reservoirs, beaches, etc Monitoring data provides feedback on adequacy and effectiveness of control programmes Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

22 Monitoring Air Quality Telemetric Air Quality Monitoring and Management System: - 22 fixed air quality monitoring stations and 1 mobile station - Continuous monitoring of PM 10, PM 2.5, SO 2, Ozone, CO and NOx Continuous monitoring of 56 VOCs using GC-FID Detection system Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

23 Monitoring Reporting of Air Quality Data Air quality information is updated hourly. During haze periods (Jul to Oct) NEA will also provide an air quality forecast for the next 24 hours taking into consideration weather conditions, fire situation in the region and other factors. Information posted on NEA website ( the haze microsite ( NEA Facebook ( NEA Twitter and smart phone app, MyENV. Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

24 2020 Air Quality Targets for Singapore Pollutant Singapore Targets By 2020 Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) 24-hour mean : 50 µg/m 3 (WHO Interim Target) Annual mean : 15 µg/m 3 (Sustainable Singapore Blueprint) PM 2.5 Annual mean: 12 µg/m 3 (Sustainable Singapore Blueprint) 24-hour mean: 37.5 µg/m 3 (WHO Interim Target) Long Term Targets 24-hour mean : 20 µg/m 3 (WHO Final) Annual mean: 10 µg/m 3 24-hour mean: 25 µg/m 3 (WHO Final) PM 10 Annual mean: 20 µg/m 3 24-hour mean: 50 µg/m 3 (WHO Final) Ozone 8-hour mean: 100 µg/m 3 (WHO Final) Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) Annual mean: 40 µg/m 3 1-hour mean: 200 µg/m 3 (WHO Final) Carbon monoxide (CO) 8-hour mean: 10 mg/m 3 1-hour mean: 30 mg/m 3 (WHO Final)

25 Overview of Water Quality Monitoring Water Quality Monitoring Inland Waters Coastal waters Catchment Noncatchment Recreational Beaches Straits of Singapore Straits of Johor Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

26 Water Quality Monitoring Coastal Waters Buoys 8 monitoring stations along coastal waters of Singapore with sensors, data loggers for automatic transmission of water quality data to base station Customised water quality models for modeling studies OMS Models Actively monitor coastal water quality Analyse water quality trends Provide early warning of water pollution problems Tracing sources of pollution Predicting algal blooms Study impact of new foreshore developments Water quality forecasting Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

27 Education and Engagement Work with industries as partners to move towards selfmonitoring and co-regulation Regular dialogues with industries, professional institutions Training courses for professionals, industries Seminars, workshops for industries, businesses, etc Public campaigns, e.g. Clean and Green Singapore Prevention Legislation & Enforcement Monitoring Education & Engagement

28 Sources of Pollutants - Air Refineries and Petrochemical Plants Other industries Transboundary Vehicles Shipping Industrial initiatives focus on SO 2 emissions Petrochemical plants, refineries and other industries contribute 80% of the SO 2 emissions in Singapore

29 Tightening of Fuel Quality ppm Sulphur Content ppm Further tightening of fuel quality standards Petrol Diesel and beyond Industries are required to use diesel and petrol of the mandated concentration Lower SO 2 emissions from the industries with the introduction of lower Sulphur in diesel/petrol

30 Sources of Pollutants - Water Main Sources Human waste Sullage water Farm waste Industrial effluent Other Sources Surface runoff Workshops Workers quarters Temporary toilets/bathrooms/septic tanks/holding tanks Concrete batching plant Oil storage areas Chemical storage areas Waste storage areas Waste water treatment plant

31 Current Gaps Ageing plants High cost of retrofitting Lack of incentive to go beyond current regulations Land constraints to put in pollution control measures 31

32 SSB

33 Thank you Safeguard Nurture Cherish

34 Volatile Organic Compounds No Compound No Compound No Compound 1 Acetylene 20 m Ethyl toluene 39 2-Pentene (trans) 2 Benzene 21 p Ethyl toluene 40 Iso-Pentane 3 Butane 22 Heptane 41 Propane 4 1-Butene 23 Hexane 42 Proplyene 5 2-Butene (cis ) 24 1-Hexene 43 Propyl benzene 6 2-Butene (trans) 25 Isoprene 44 IsoPropyl benzene 7 Cyclohexane 26 Methylcyclohexane 45 Styrene 8 Cyclopentane 27 Methylcyclopentane 46 Toluene 9 Decane 28 2-methyl heptane 47 1,3,5-Trimethyl benzene 10 m Diethyl benzene 29 3-methyl heptane 48 1,2,3-Trimethyl benzene 11 p Diethyl benzene 30 2-methyl hexane 49 1,2,4-Trimethyl benzene 12 2,2-Dimethyl butane 31 3-methyl hexane 50 2,2,4-Trimethyl pentane 13 2,3-Dimethyl butane 32 2-methyl pentane 51 2,3,4-Trimethyl pentane 14 2,4-Dimethyl pentane 33 3-methyl pentane 52 Undecane 15 2,3-Dimethyl pentane 34 Nonane 53 Dodecane 16 Ethane 35 Octane 54 o Xylene 17 Ethylene 36 Pentane 55 m & p Xylene 18 Ethylbenzene 37 1-Pentene 56 Isobutane 19 o Ethyl toluene 38 2-Pentene (cis )