MANAGEMENT OF BURROWING NEMATODE (RADOPHOLUS SIMILIS) IN BANANA CV. RAJAPURI (MUSA AAB)

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2 Int. J. Agrl.Sc Sc. & Vet.Med. Med Thammaiah N and Shirol A M, 2013 Research Paper ISSN Vol. 1, No. 3, August Meghana Publications. All Rights Reserved MANAGEMENT OF BURROWING NEMATODE (RADOPHOLUS SIMILIS) IN BANANA CV. RAJAPURI (MUSA AAB) Thammaiah N 1 * and Shirol A M 1 *Corresponding Author: Thammaiah N, nthammaiah@gmail.com An Experiment was conducted during and at KRC College of Horticulture, Arabhavi UHS, Bagalkot. Results revealed that, the treatment 40g/plant effectively reduced the nematode population followed by neem g/plant, press 5 kg/ plant and growing Tagetus around the basin. The root necrosis was lowest (18.47%) in the treatment of 40 g/plant followed by neem 500 g/plant (23.11%) and press 5 kg/plant (24.80%). The plant height was highest in the treatment of growing Tagetus around the basin (1.67 m) followed by press mud (1.65 m). With regard to yield, the highest yield (28.71 t/ha) was obtained in the treatment of 40g/plant followed by neem cake (26.55 t/ha) and press mud (25.31 t/ha).the B/C ratio was more in the treatment of press mud (5.41) followed by carbofuran (5.17), growing Tagetus around the basin (4.87) and neem cake (4.63). Keywords: Burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, banana, yield INTRODUCTION Banana is one of the important fruit crops. The crop is affected by several diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and abiotic factors. Among these, nematode constitutes one of the major limiting factors for banana production causing extensive root damage resulting in serious economic losses. It was reported that, crop losses caused by nematodes in banana are very high, with an average annual yield loss of about 20% worldwide (Sesser and Freckman, 1987). Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to find out the effective measures for the management of burrowing nematode in banana. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experiment was conducted during at K R C College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, UHS, 1 AICRP on Tropical Fruits, KRC College of Horticulture, Arabhavi , Karnataka. 73

3 Bagalkot. There were eight treatments, viz., sucker dip-nimbicidin (1.5%), press mud (5 kg/ plant), neemcake (500 g/plant), (250 g/plant), growing Tagetus around the basin, growing coriander around the basin, 40 g/plant and untreated check. Each treatment was replicated three times with a randomized block design. Susceptible cultivar Rajapuri was planted in 2008 and 2010 with a spacing of m. Recommended dose of fertilizer were applied Observations were recorded with respect to nematode population (soil and roots), root necrosis, growth parameters, viz., plant height (m), pseudostem girth (cm) and leaf area (m 2 ), and yield parameters viz, bunch length,bunch width, hands/bunch, number of fingers in 3 rd hand, fingers/bunch, finger length, finger birth, bunch weight, and yield (t/ha). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Results of the vegetative growth revealed that, the treatment 40 g/plant effectively reduced the nematode population (94.50/ 250 cc soil) followed by neem 500 g/plant (123.0/250 cc soil), press 5 kg /plant (127.83/250 cc soil) and growing target us around the basin (134.50/250 cc soil). The highest nematode population (257.67/250 cc soil) was recorded in untreated control. While in shooting stage, the lowest nematode population was recorded (109.34/250 cc soil) in the treatment of 40 g/plant followed by neem cake (139.34/ 250 cc soil) and press 5 kg/plant (147.0/250 cc soil). In harvesting stage, the treatment 40 g/plant was effectively reducing the burrowing nematode (138.0/250 cc soil) followed by neem cake (176.50/250 cc soil) and press 5 kg /plant (186.00/250 cc soil) (Table 1). Table 1: Management of Nematodes of Banana Nematode Population 250 cc Soil Treatment Vegetative Stage Shooting Stage Harvesting M ean M ean M ean Nimbicidin (1.5%) d c e d e de (5 kg/plant) b b b b b c b (500 g/plant) b b ab b b b (250 g/ plant) d c e d f e around the basin bc b c c c c around the basin c b d d d d (40 g/plant) a a a a a a untreated control e d f e g f SEm CDat 5%

4 Root Population: In vegetative stage, the treatment 40 g/plant effectively reduced the nematode population followed by press mud (18.67/10 g roots) and growing Tagetus around the basin (18.67) and it was maximum (51.33/ 10 g roots) in untreated control. While in shooting stage, the lowest burrowing nematode population was recorded in the treatment of carbofuran (20.50/10 g roots), followed by neem cake (30/ 10 g roots), press mud (33/ 10g roots) and growing Tagetus around the basin (35.17/10 g roots). The maximum nematode population was recorded in untreated control (89.84/ 10 g roots). In harvesting stage the treatment 40 g/plant effectively reduced the burrowing the nematodes (25.50/10 g roots) followed by neem 500 g/plant (35.0/10 g roots) and press mud (37.34/10 g roots). The maximum nematode population was recorded in untreated control (101.0/10 g roots) (Table 2). Subramanian and Selvaraj (1990) reported that application of carbofuran at planting, intercropping with Tagetus, Crotalaria or radish significantly reduced the R. Similis population with carbofuran having the greatest effect. With regard to root necrosis, the treatment 40 g/plant recorded the lowest root necrosis (12.61%) in vegetative stage followed by press mud (19.04%), neem cake (20.82%) and it was highest (52.12%) in untreated control. While in shooting stage, the lowest root necrosis (18.47%) was recorded in 40 g/ plant followed by neem 500/plant (23.11%), press 5kg/plant (24.80%) and Table 2: Management of Nematodes of Banana 10 g Roots Treatment Vegetative Stage Shooting Stage Harvesting M ean M ean M ean Nimbicidin (1.5%) b c c c bc b (5 kg / plant) a b bc b b a (500 g / plant) a b b a ab a (250 g/ plant) b d d c c b around the basin a ab bc b ab b around the basin b c bc c c c (40 g / plant) a a a a a a untreated control c e e d d d SEm CD at 5%

5 growing Tagetus around the basin (28.67%) The root necrosis was highest (57.61%) in untreated control (Table 3). Growth Parameters: The plant height was highest (1.67 m) in the treatment of growing Tagetus around the basin followed by press 5 kg/plant (1.65 m), 40g/plant (1.62 m) and it was lowest in untreated control (1.53 m). Pseudostem girth was more (61.73 cm) in the treatment of followed by press 5 kg /plant (60.43 cm) and neem 5 kg/plant (60.22 cm) (Table 4). The maximum leaf area (8.94 m 2 ) was recorded in the treatment of press 5 kg /plant followed by carbofuran (8.46 m g/ plant (8.35 m 2 ) the leaf area was lowest (6.69 m 2 ) in untreated control (Table 5). Yield Parameters: The hands/ bunch was more (7.88) in the treatment of carbofuran followed by neem cake (7.67), press mud (7.6) and growing tagetus around the basin and it was less in untreated control (6.63). The number of finger in third hand was maximum (12.68) in the treatment of carbofuran followed by press mud (12.06), neem cake (11.92) and growing Tagetus around the basin (11.81) (Table 6). The treatment carbofuran recorded the maximum bunch length (42.45 cm) and bunch width (35.16 cm) followed by press mud (39.64 cm bunch length and cm bunch width) (Table 6). The fingers/bunch was more (94.17) in the treatment of carbofuran followed by neem cake (89.57), press mud (86.63) and (84.85). The lowest number of fingers/bunch was Table 3: Management of Nematodes of Banana Root Necrosis (%) Treatment Vegetative Stage Shooting Stage M ean M ean Nimbicidin (1.5 %) c b b b (5 kg / plant) b a a a (500 g / plant) b ab a a (250 g/ plant) d c b c around the basin c ab a b around the basin d b b b (40 g / plant) a a a a untreated control e d c d SEm CD at 5%

6 Table 4: Management of Nematodes of Banana: Growth parameters Treatment Plant Height at Flowering (m) Stem Girth at Flowering (cm) M ean M ean Nimbicidin (1.5 %) 1.57 b 1.58 b a a (5 kg / plant) 1.69 a 1.60 b a a (500 g / plant) 1.62 a 1.60 b a a (250 g/ plant) 1.58 b 1.66 a a a around the basin 1.60 a 1.74 a a a around the basin 1.57 b 1.56 b a a (40 g / plant) 1.62 a 1.61 b a a untreated control 1.54 c 1.52 c b b SEm CD at 5% Table 5: Management of Nematodes of Banana: Growth parameters Treatment Leaf Area (m 2 ) M ean Nimbicidin (1.5 %) 6.94 b 9.07 a 8.01 (5 kg / plant) 7.96 a 9.92 a 8.94 (500 g / plant) 7.32 a 9.38 a 8.35 ( 250 g/ plant) 7.18 a 9.11 a 8.15 around the basin 6.95 a 9.69 a 8.32 around the basin 7.02 a 8.12 a 7.57 ( 40 g / plant) 7.81 a 9.10 a 8.46 untreated control 6.06 b 7.32 b 6.69 SEm CD at 5% recorded in untreated control (71.50). The finger length was highest (13.32 cm) in the treatment of carbofuran followed by press mud (12.61 cm) neem cake (12.57) and growing Tagetus around the basin (12.07 cm) (Table 7). The treatment carbofuran recorded the maximum finger girth 77

7 Table 6: Management of Nematodes of Banana: Yield parameters Treatment Hands/Bunch No. of Fingers in 3 rd Hand M ean M ean Nimbicidin (1.5 %) a a (5 kg / plant) a a (500 g / plant) a a (250 g/ plant) a a around the basin a a around the basin a b (40 g / plant) a a untreated control b b SEm CD at 5% NS 0.89 NS 1.21 Table 6 (Cont.) Treatment Bunch Length (cm) Bunch Width (cm) M ean M ean Nimbicidin (1.5 %) b b a (5 kg / plant) a a a (500 g / plant) b a a (250 g/ plant) a b a around the basin b b a around the basin b b b (40 g / plant) a a a untreated control b c b SEm CDat 5% NS

8 (3.37 dia) followed by press mud (3.29), neem cake (3.25 dia) and sucker dip-nimbicidin (3.14). The finger girth (2.73 dia) was lowest in the treatment of untreated control (Table 7). With regard to yield, The highest yield was recorded in the treatment of carbofuran (28.71 t/ ha) followed by neem cake (26.55 t/ha), press mud (25.31 t/ha), growing Tagetus around the Table 7: Management of Nematodes of Banana: Yield Parameters Treatment Total of Fruits Finger Length (cm) M ean M ean Nimbicidin (1.5 %) ab b b a (5 kg / plant) ab a ab a (500 g / plant) ab a a a (250 g/ plant) ab b b a around the basin ab b ab a around the basin b c b a (40 g / plant) a a a a untreated control b c c b SEm CD at 5% Table 7 (Cont.) Treatment Finger Girth (dia) M ean Nimbicidin (1.5 %) 2.85 ab 3.42 a 3.14 (5 kg / plant) 3.03 a 3.56 a 3.29 (500 g / plant) 2.99 ab 3.51 a 3.25 ( 250 g/ plant) 2.86 ab 3.27 a 3.07 around the basin 2.94 a 3.23 b 3.09 around the basin 2.76 b 3.33 a 3.05 ( 40 g / plant) 3.07 a 3.66 a 3.37 untreated control 2.55 c 2.92 b 2.73 SEm CD at 5%

9 Table 8: Management of Nematodes of Banana: Yield Parameters Treatment Bunch Weight (kg) Yield (t/ha) B/C Ratio M ean M ean M ean Nimbicidin (1.5 %) 7.02 c 6.50 c c c (5 kg / plant) 8.21 b 8.19 b b b (500 g / plant) 8.78 a 8.42 ab a ab (250 g/ plant) 6.53 c 6.95 c c c around the basin 8.06 b 7.71 b b b around the basin 7.06 c 6.92 c c c (40 g / plant) 9.23 a 9.38 a a a untreated control 5.50 d 5.21 d d d SEm CD at 5% basin (24.34 t/ha) growing coriander around the basin (21.58 t/ha) and it was lowest in untreated control (16.53 t/ha). The B/C ratio was more (5.41) in the treatment of press mud followed by carbofuran (5.17), growing Tagetus around the basin (4.87), neem cake (4.63) and growing coriander around the basin (4.48) (Table 8). A field trial conducted by Sundararaju et al. (2002) an Cv. Nendran (AAB) using intercrop Tagetus sp. in comparison with the recommended practice of paring The suckers and treating with monocrotophos 36 Ec dip at 0.05% at the time of planting, revealed that intercropping with Tagetus erecta produced significantly reduction in root lesion nematode population by 85% and increased yield compared to untreated control. Intercropping with sunhemp, coriander, marigold or Lucerne reduced nematode population and increased yield (vadivelu et al., 1987). Application of neem cake at 800 g/ plant (two oplit application) or neem cited urea at 110g/ plant reduced the population of burrowing nematode and also increased the yield of banana (vadivelu et al., 1987). REFERENCES 1. Sesser J N and Freckman D W (1987), A world perspective on Nematology The role of the society, pp. 7-14, Invistas on Nematology, (Veech J A and Dickson D W, etc.), Society of Nematologists, Inc, Hyaltsville, USA. 2. Sundararaju P, Mustaffa M M, Kumar V, Cannayane I and Tanuja Priya B (2012), Effect of organic farming on plant parasitic nematodes infesting banana cv. Karpooravalli, Current Nematology, Vol. 13, pp

10 3. Vadivelu R S, Rajendran G, Naganathan T G and Jayaraj S (1987), Studies on the nematode pests of banana and their management, A review. Proc. Third group Discussions on the Nematological problems of Plantation crops, Sugars breeding Inst., Coimbatore, pp

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