Overview of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Research & Extension Programs

Transcription

1 Overview of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Research & Extension Programs Jim Walgenbach, Steve Schoof and Emily Ogburn Dept Entomology & Plant Pathology NC State University Mt Hort Crops Res & Ext Ctr Mills River, NC

2 Time Activity Agenda 10 min. Overview of new BMSB SCRI project 20 Survey to gauge stakeholder knowledge of BMSB, severity of problem, and identify most effective means of communication 15 Results of 2016 studies to relate BMSB trap studies with damage in apples 25 Panel Discussion to prioritize BMSB research and extension needs for southeast apples

3 Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Invasive pest native to Asia China, Korea, Japan First detected in Allentown, PA, in late 1990s. Wide host range including most tree fruits, many nut and vegetable crops. Only stink bug that overwinters in man-made buildings.

4 StopBMSB.org

5 Management of BMSB in US Specialty Crops This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Specialty Crop Research Initiative under award number

6 Funding Submitted as 5-year project Funding is allocated in 2 segments Years 1-2 $3,717,519 Years 3-5 $5,447,390 Funding for years 3-5 will require Progress report Renewal application

7 Organizational Structure Pacific NW Betsy Beers Project Director Jim Walgenbach Great Lakes Larry Gut West Kent Daane Mid-Atlantic Tom Kuhar USDA ( ) Tracy Leskey (WV, OR, DE, MD) Southeast Mike Toews 43 Co-PIs representing 18 institutions and 17 states 66 addition participants (research specialists, post docs, graduate students, collaborators)

8 Crops Addressed Direct Focus of Management Strategies Tree Fruits Tree Nuts Fruiting Vegetables Indirectly to Understand Landscape Ecology Field crops (corn, cotton, soybean, others?) Ornamentals Non-managed wooded habitats

9 Objective 1 Predict risk from BMSB damage through enhanced understanding of agroecology and landscape ecology (Dave Crowder, Washington State University) Integrate landscape-level habitat maps and data on abiotic factors to predict BMSB distribution and risk.

10 Objective 2 Implement widespread biological control, incorporating Asian parasitoids and native natural enemies. (Kim Hoelmer, USDA-ARS) Asian parasitoids (Trissolcus japonicus) Native parasitoids Native predators Entomopathogens-mircrosporidia (Ann Hajek, Cornell)

11 Classical Biological Control with Trissolcus japonicus Parasitic wasp that attacks eggs of BMSB. Native to China, where it parasitizes about 80% of BMSB eggs. Photos by Chrysina Resplendens 12-grade intern at Smithsonian Institute

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13 Objective 3 Develop decision support tools and strategies compatible with biological control and informed by risk. (Anne Nielsen, Rutgers) Decision support tools to assess abundance and mitigate damage (traps, thresholds, etc.) Insecticide uses compatible with biological control Behavioral based management (attract and kill) Cultural control (trap crops, netting, etc.) Integrate IPM tools across landscapes

14 BMSB is a Border Pest

15 Attract-and-Kill Set-Up in Apple Orchards

16 Objective 4 Managing the economic consequences of BMSB. (Jayson Harper, Penn State) Assess economic potential of biological control of BMSB on specialty crops. Develop estimates of costs and benefits of specific management practices for BMSB.

17 Objective 5 Outreach plan: Deliver new information on BMSB to stakeholders. (Steve Young, NE IPM Center, Cornell) Maintain and develop knowledge repository (StopBMSB.org) Expand relevancy of outreach resources to all US regions. Evaluate social benefits of improved conditions resulting from increased awareness and adoption of sustainable practices. Evaluation including progress on objectives

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19 Specialty Crop Advisory System Regional Advisory System Regional PIs and stakeholder advisors (3). Annual meetings to update stakeholders and obtain feedback on project direction. National Advisory System 21 member advisory panel consisting of 15 regional advisors and 6 national advisors (APHIS, EPA, USDA, national commodity organizations). Annual meetings for feedback and advise on project.

20 2017 BMSB Survey 1. Determine level of BMSB knowledge 2. Identify research priorities 3. Assess strategies for information delivery

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22 Association of Pheromone Trap Captures and BMSB Damage in NC Apples Emily Ogburn, Steve Schoof and Jim Walgenbach NC State University, MHCREC Mills River, NC

23 Mean Insect Damage to Apples 30 % Damage Stink bug Fruitworm Mealy bug Scale Apple Maggot Plant Bug Plum Curculio Leafroller Internal Lep

24 BMSB Attractants 1. Pheromone: BMSB male-produced aggregation pheromone. Twocomponent blend of chemicals. 2. Kairomone : Methy decatrienoate (MDT). Male-produced aggregation pheromone of the Asian stink bug (Plautia stali). *MDT synergizes BMSB pheromone.

25 BMSB Monitoring Scheme Fruit sampling sites (0, 50, 100, 150 ) x

26 Season Total Trap Captures 800 Mean bugs per trap Adults Nymphs 0 Hend-S Hend-N Hend-H Hend-S Hend-N Hend-H

27 BMSB Trap Capture vs. Spatial Location Mean bugs per trap Interior Exterior Woods Exterior Non-wooded

28 BMSB Damage to Apples % Damage Polk Cleveland Hend-S Hend-N Hend-H

29 Phenology of BMSB Damage Percent damage June July Aug Sept Oct 0.00 Polk Cleveland Hend-N Hend-S Hend-H

30 Phenology of Adult Pheromone Trap Capture Mean bugs per trap Polk Cleveland 0 0 JUN 30.6 JUL 61.2 AUG 91.8 SEP OCT 153

31 Phenology of Adult Pheromone Trap Capture Mean bugs per trap Hend-N Hend-S Hend-H 0 0 JUN 30.6 JUL 61.2 AUG 91.8 SEP 122.4OCT 153

32 BMSB Trap Capture vs. Damage % Damage Cumulative trap capture

33 % Damage Date vs BMSB Damage Low elevation High elevation 0 JUN 30.6 JUL 61.2 AUG 91.8 SEP OCT 153

34 % Damage Degree Days vs BMSB Damage (Biofix = April 12) Low elevation High elevation Cumulative degree days

35 Development of BMSM Damage

36 Feeding Injury-Damage Symptoms on Delicious and Granny Apples Placed sleeve cages over apples and infested with 3 starved BMSB adults. Removed bugs after 48 hr and kept cages on trees At 7-day intervals, removed 4 apples and recorded Number of visible injuries Width and depth of injuries

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38 Development of BMSB Injuries Over Time Delicious 8 7 No. injuries or mm No. injuries Width Depth Days after bug removal

39 Development of BMSB Injuries Over Time Granny Smith 8 7 No. injuries or mm No. injuries Width Depth Days after bug removal

40 Conclusions Trap captures were highly variable with no consistent relationship between spatial location and number captured. Damage to apples was best correlated with degree-day accumulations from April 12. First damage observed at 710 DD. Incorporating a 10-day injury development period, first injury predicted to occur at: 592 DD Elijah, GA 600 DD Shelby, NC 615 DD Wilkesboro, NC 625 DD in Mills River, NC

41 Damage vs. Distance from Edge % Damage % Damage Edge 50 ft 100 ft 150 ft Distance from edge row 0 Edge 50 ft 100 ft 150 ft Distance from edge row