Improving the safety of the food chain through risk prevention in plant and animal production Scope of the symposium

Transcription

1 Improving the safety of the food chain through risk prevention in plant and animal production Scope of the symposium Anne Legrève 1 & Jeroen Dewulf 2 1 UCL, Earth and Life Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium 2 Ghent University, Veterinary epidemiology Unit, Belgium Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 1

2 Context Mission statement of the FASFC : preserve the safety and the quality of our food in order to protect humans, animals and plants. Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 2

3 Plants & animals = Main actors of the food chain Food quality Food security Plants and Animals (primary production sectors) Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 3

4 Plant and animal health protection Risk prevention in plant and animal production What risks? How to prevent them? Challenges? Common and specific traits in plant and animal production Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 4

5 Risks in plant / animal production Plant diseases and pests Reduction of the yields Reduction of the quality Animal diseases and pests Reduction of the yields Reduction of the quality Reduction of the animal welfare Deterioration during storage due to physiological alteration Residues of pesticides (plant protection products) in food Resistance against pesticides Zoonotic agents in the products Residues of treatments Resistance against antimicrobials Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 5

6 Economic importance of crop losses Estimated contribution of actual crop protection in safeguarding wheat production by region ( (size of pies corresponds to attainable production). Source : Oerke EC,Journal of Agricultural Science (2006), 144, Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 6

7 7

8 Plant and animal diseases/pests Endemic: pest/pathogens present in a defined area but with a more or less stable incidence Epidemic: pest/pathogens generally absent but when introduced with a widespread increase of incidence Pandemic: extends over several seasons and involves large geographical areas (re)emerging: caused by pathogens/pests that have: - increased in incidence, geographical or host range; - changed pathogenesis; - newly evolved or reemerged after long absence; - been discovered or newly recognized Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 8

9 Communalities of animal and plant diseases/pests Animal / Plant disease triangle Environment disease Disease/pest ost plant / animal Pathogen/pest Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 9

10 Communalities of animal and plant diseases/pests Many diseases/pests are polycyclic Several successive infection cycles during one growing season Infection Infection Infection Infection Incubation Incubation Incubation Incubation Dissemination Dissemination Dissemination Dissemination Survival Survival Symptoms Survival Symptoms Survival Symptoms Symptoms Reproduction Reproduction Reproduction Reproduction Eg: foliar diseases of cereals, beet, banana, Eg: parasitic infections in ruminants Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 10

11 Communalities of animal and plant diseases/pests Many diseases/pests are endemic: within years and within fields/farms incidence variation Eg: Septoria leaf blotch disease, rusts, Eg: spread of pig viruses, Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium

12 Communalities of animal and plant diseases/pests Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium

13 Communalities of animal and plant diseases/pests Emerging diseases/pests are of increasing importance. Causes : changes in farming practices, introduction to new geographical locations, more efficient vectors, climate change. Eg: Xyllela fastidiosa Eg: vector born virus spread (BTV) Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium

14

15 Climate change and epidemics Time Infection Latent period Pest/pathogen Population Virulence factors Dispersal Survival Sporulation Disease/ Symptoms Host plant Population Environment Meteorological conditions (Temperature, humidity, rainfalls, wind,...), Biotic factors, Alternative host plants, Predators and pathogens, Antagonist/beneficial organisms, Human activities LEGRÈVE, A. & DUVEILLER,E Preventing potential disease and pest epidemics under a changing climate. 15 In : Matthew. P. Reynolds (ed) Climate change and crop production. (pp ). CABI, Oxfordshire, UK.

16 How to prevent the risks of pests / diseases? Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 16

17 Disease treatment Disease prevention Surveillance and early detection Reactive Proactive Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 17

18 How to prevent risks? BIOSECURITY is (should be) the basis of any disease control program curative preventive BIOSECURITY Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 18

19 How to prevent risks? Preventive measures should be: Science based (risk assessment approach) Persons breath Feed Air Transport vehicules, Persons, clothingh, hands Pets and rodents material Live animals LOW RISK HIGH RISK Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 19

20 How to prevent risks? Preventive measures can be: Voluntary / obligatory Local / regional / national / international Disease prevention is a way of thinking Attitude Training research Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 20

21 Principles of plant protection Integrated pest/disease management Cultural practices Prophylactic measures Monitoring of diseases/pests Biological control strategies Chemical control Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 21

22 Principles of integrated disease prevention Biosecurity Monitoring of diseases Vaccination Feed and water additives Treatment of diseased animals Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 22

23 Challenges Plant Intensification, monoculture & selection pressure Emerging pathogens/pest Increasing resistance to chemicals (Herbicides, fungicides, insecticides) Reduction of the number of active ingredients of pesticides Animal Intensification, specialization, increasing herd sizes Emerging animal diseases Increasing resistance to antimicrobials Reduction of the number of treatments with antimicrobials Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 23

24 Symposium Session 1 : Recent changes in production systems and associated sanitary and food safety risks, and the challenges these changes present Session 2 : Vigilance for emerging risks and risk prevention: key factors for success Session 3 : Roundtable discussion on risk prevention in the food chain Links between both plant and animal production and disease prevention Xth Symposium SciCom, FASFC, Brussels Belgium 24