Right to Food, Food Security and Food Sovereignty By Xisto Martins

Transcription

1 RAEBIA- TIMOR LESTE (Strengthening the Resilience of Rural Communities) Right to Food, Food Security and Food Sovereignty By Xisto Martins 1

2 What is Right to Food?? The evolution of the concept of RtF Recognised in the UNHR 1948 Included in the International Covention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1996 World Food Sumid General Comment 12 by the UN Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights access to means of production 2000: UN Special Rapporter on the RtF 2004 FAO council: Voluntary Guidelines 2

3 The concept of RtF The right to adequate food is realised when every man, woman and child, alone or in community with others has physical and economic acces at all times to adequate food or means for its procurement in ways consistent with human dignity Cont. The Concept of RtF Availability of food in quantity and quality sufficient to satisfy the dietary needs of individuals free from adverse substances and culturally acceptable Accessibility of such food in ways that are sustainable and that do not interfere with the enjoyment of other human rights 3

4 Challenges to the FS policy framework From the current dominant development paradigm Production-oriented oriented focus on global food security The use of the term sovereignty In the same time asking for more global governance Several proposals for new international legal instruments feasible? Confused use of the rights language Policy proposals emerging from the concept Code of Conduct on the Human Right to Food International Convention on Food Sovereignty World Commission on Sustainable Agriculture Reformed and strengthened United Nations Independent dispute settlement mechanism International treaty to define the rights of smallholder farmers 4

5 The Concept of Food Sovereignty Definition of Food Sovereignty Food Sovereignty is the right of individuals, communities, peoples and countries to define their own agricultural, labour, fishing, food and land policies, which are ecologically, sociall, economically and culturally appropiate to their unique circumstances. It includes the true right to food and to produce food, which means that all people have the right to safe, nutritious and culturally appropiate food and to food- producing resources and the ability to sustain themselves and their societies. 5

6 Cont. Definition of FSv the right of peoples, communities, and countries to define their own agricultural, labor, fishing, food and land policies which are ecologically, socially, economically and culturally appropriate to their unique circumstances. It s includes the true right to food and to produce food, which means that all people have the right to safe, nutritious and culturally appropriate food and to food-producing resources and the ability to sustain themselves and their societies. Cont. of Definition of Food Sovereignty Food sovereignty means the priority of people s and community s rights to food and food production, over trade concerns. This entails the support and promotion of local markets and producers over production for export and food imports. NGO/CSO Forum s Statement Food Sovereignty: A Right for All,

7 Potential of Food Sovereignthy policies against hunger and poverty national level Marginalisation Access to productive resources and land policy Budget allocation Rural employment Other policy areas Six pillars of FSv Focuses on food for people Values food providers Localises food systems Puts control locally Builds knowledge and skills Works with nature 7

8 Food Security concept Availability of food in quantity and quality sufficient to satisfy the nutrition needs of individuals free from adverse substances and culturally acceptable Accessibility of such food in ways that are sustainable and that do not interfere with the enjoyment of other human rights Food Security II FSN Availability Access Utilization Stability 8

9 Three pillars of food security Availability of food food production, food imports, etc Access to food household food production and reserves, family income, solidarity mechanisms, barter, etc Utilization of food health situation (diarrhoea, malaria, AIDS), food storage and cooking practices, fuel, age related needs, etc 10-Apr Definition of food security A person, household or community, nation or region is food secure when all members at all times have physical and economic access to buy, produce, obtain or consume sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their nutrition needs and food preferences for a healthy and active life. 9

10 Cont. of Food Security concept Availability of food in quantity and quality sufficient to satisfy the dietary needs of individuals free from adverse substances and culturally acceptable Accessibility of such food in ways that are sustainable and that do not interfere with the enjoyment of other human rights Food Security Indicators: The four dimensions of food security 1. Availability 2. Access 3. Utilization 4. Stability 10

11 Thank You Strengthening the Resilience of Rural Communities 11