RRIDMA-Rajasthan Rural Institute of Development Management 18 G Block, Hiran Magri, Sec. No.-14, Udaipur Web:

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1 Augmenting water supply by reviving traditional Tanka system in Barmer(Rajasthan) RRIDMA-Rajasthan Rural Institute of Development Management 18 G Block, Hiran Magri, Sec. No.-14, Udaipur rridma@gmail.com, Web:

2 BAIF in Rural India Founder: Late Dr. Manibhai Desai (Gandhian) Mission To create opportunities of gainful self-employment for the rural families, especially disadvantaged sections, ensuring sustainable livelihood, enriched environment, improved quality of life and good human values. This is being achieved through development, research, effective use of local resources, extension of appropriate technologies and up gradation of skills and capabilities with community participation. Target population Coverage States (18) Rural Communities, particularly the poor and dispossessed Over 5.0 million rural families MR, A.P., U.P, U.K, BR, J.K.,KR, M.P., GJ, HR, Pun., CG, Raj, Odisha, Tripura, H.P., Meghalay, W.B. Shri Hrishikesh A. Mafatlal- Chairman. Dr. M. S. Swaminathan- Vice Chairman. Shri Hasmukh S. Shah-Chairman, Ex. Committee of BAIF Trustee. Total Trustees-13. Head Quarter-Pune, Maharashtra. Recognitions Center of Excellence by MoTA, Research Organization by ICAR, DST, DBT, DSIR (SIRO) & SAUs, Research / Technology collaborations: INRA France, SRC Canada, CGIAR Instts, Uni of Hohenheim, Resource Support Organization by NBARD and State Gov., MoF, under Section 35 (1) (ii)

3 BAIF in Rajasthan.. Since Udaipur 2. Sirohi 3. Bhilwara 4. Chittorgarh 5. Rajsamand 6. Pratapgarh 7. Ajmer 8. Banswara 9. Dungerpur. 10. Jaipur 11. Dausa 12. Alwar 13. Bharatpur 14. Karauli 15. S. Madhopur 16. Bundi 17.Baran 18. Jhalawar 19.Tonk

4 RRIDMA-CORE-PROGRAM AREAS SINCE Livestock Development Tree Based Farming & Agriculture NRM Watershed Forward & Backward Linkage through farmer producer organizations RNFS Social Sector

5 About project area Barmer is located in the western part of Rajasthan, in the Great Indian or Thar Desert. The district is surrounded by Jaisalmer district in the north, Jalore district in the south, Pali and Jodhpur districts in the east, and Pakistan in the west. Barmer fall in arid zone of Rajasthan, Scanty and erratic rainfall,avg rainfall is 304 mm( ) with high variability of precipitation across a season and across years.

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7 Base Year S. N. Description Unit Description 1 Geographical area Sq. Km. 2, Tehsil No. 8 3 Grampanchay No. 380 at 4 Village No Block(Pancha No. 8 yat samiti) 6 Total No Population A. Rural No B. Urban No C. Male No D. Female No Population Per Sq 69 Density Km 9 Gender No. 892 ratio/1000 male 10 Literacy Percen 59 t a. Male Percen t b. Female Percen t 43.4 Rainfall : Average: 304 mm ( ) Range: mm Frequency( ): mm - 4, mm- 4, mm-4, above 400 mm-2 Temperature: Range of Mx. Tem.: c Range of Mn. Tem. : 4-6 c Frequency of cold Waves; : 195 times ( GoR) Frequency of droughts: Severe D. -19, Mode. D.-17, Light-11

8 Temperature extremity in summer and winter Frequent draught Acute scarcity of water for drinking and Irrigation. Before project intervention, Villagers fetch the water from 5 to 10 km distance. Villagers stored the rainwater in tanka,beri etc. Ground water level is also very low,ground water mostly brackish

9 Sustainable model of livelihood for desert

10 Sustainable livelihood model for desert region Focus area Strategies Water resources Land resources Increase availability of water for drinking and irrigation Improved agriculture Vegetable Cultivation Tree-based farming Activities Modification of existing tanka and agor to enhance storage capacity Enhance water use efficiency Community mobilization for efficient and sustainable use of water resources Promotion of improved agriculture techniques, and Crop/seed varieties suitable for arid lands Promotion of cultivation of improved varieties of vegetables like cucurbits Demonstration of low-cost polyhouse for nursery raising of vegetables crops Establishment of Wadi(horticulture orchids) plots mainly ber(zizyphus mauritiana) etc.

11 Sustainable livelihood model for desert region Focus area Strategies Activities Livestock resources Human resources Goat development Alternative Income generation Providing breeding bucks of high-value Sindhi breed Healthcare and nutrition support Improving traditional method of knitting on cloths Imparting training for making value-added items like purses, bags and dresses Capacity building Training programmes and exposure visits Linkages Linkages with research institutions Linkages with government programmes Technical guidance and inputs from institutions from Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) Improving quality of water-harvesting structures built under MGNERGA

12 Modification in Traditional TANKA and its impact Enhanced the runoff coefficient with made some modification in design and converted the mud or local material agor into masonry agor. Increased the capacity of tanka up to litre The model has led to increased availability of water for drinking, goat-rearing and irrigation for livelihood activities i.e horticulture and vegetables cultivation. Community mobilization to better use of water. Increase availability of fodder The availability of water has led to improved health and hygiene status of participating families. Drudgery reduction for women

13 Minimum water requirement Consumption head Consumption rate Total quantity in litre in a year Drinking and cooking litre per day litre Feeding water to 5 goat litre Irrigation of water of 100 sapling in wadi plot 5 litre per sapling in a week litre total litre

14 Challenges The major livelihood challenge for the desert region to ensure adequate availability of water through the years The scope of ground water tapping is limited Harvesting and distribution of surface water on large scale through canal or under ground channel involve huge capital and long project execution period. The traditional tanka do not have the sufficient amount of water for domestic purpose

15 Agor Tanka

16 Diameter of Tanka 4.53 mt Diameter of Agor mt Capacity of tanka is litre, avg rainfall is assume 250 mm for calculation

17 Trend of Impacts Community benefitted from Ber WADI having good survival of plantation and fruiting of Ber has been started with average production of 20 kg per plant. Family gets 8 quintals production from one wadi. And 2 quintal fodder for small ruminants. Benefitted family gets water availability up to month of Feb. due to tanka and he stores the water in summer hiring water tank. No need to fetch for water. Benefitted families have been adopting vegetable production by water management efficiently. Drudgery has reduced due to stored water in summer Indicators Before Project Post Project Distance for Water fetching 3 to 10 km. at door Water Availability in tanka Up to Nove. In good year Up to Feb. in good year Cropping pattern Perl millet/ Moth Ber+ Lasoda+ Moth+ Black gram + Vegetables

18 Implications to mainstream practices and policies The similar model has been accepted, adopted and replicated by MPOWER in its project area in Western Rajasthan;RRIDMA providing technical assistance to CMF(Centre for micro finance ) Govt.also adopted modified (tanka +Agor) model under MAHANREGA Community are adopting new design presently Corporate like CAIRN India limited is promoting the model of Wadi with efficient water management by zero pressure drip irrigation.( 800 WADI are proposed)

19 WEL COME AT BARMER - CLUSTER