PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD COMMODITIES Advances in Analysis, Evaluation, and Management, With Particular Reference to India

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2 PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD COMMODITIES Advances in Analysis, Evaluation, and Management, With Particular Reference to India DR (MRS) ALAMELU GUPTA Ex-Incharge, AICRP (Pesticide Residues) (Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner) Agrobios (India)

3 Published by: AGROBIOS (INDIA) Behind Nasrani Cinema Chopasani Road, Jodhpur Phone: , Fax: E. Mail: DR (MRS) ALAMELU GUPTA (2012) First Published: 2006 Reprinted: 2012 All rights reserved. No part of the book or part thereof, including the title of the book, be reprinted in any form or language without the written permission of the author and the publishers. The copyists shall be positively prosecuted. ISBN (10): ISBN (19): Published by: Dr. Updesh Purohit for Agrobios (India) Laser typeset at: Yashee Computers, Jodhpur Cover Design by: Reena Printed at: Bharat Printing Press, (India)

4 "We have to choose between feeding the human beings or feeding the pests" Nobel Laureate Dr. Norman E. Borlaug (Photo: Courtesy Crop Care Federation of India, New Delhi.)

5 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION Pests And Our Concern Pesticide Use Scenario Bioinsecticides Pesticide Residues In Food Commodities Food Safety Concerns Ecological Magnification Of Pesticide Residues Pesticide Residues Concerns In Export Food Commodities Health Hazards From Pesticide Residues Pesticides Regulatory Framework Pesticide Residue Research And Planning Organisations RÉsumÉ MODERN METHODS OF INSECTICIDE RESIDUES ANALYSIS Test Sample Preparation Extraction and Clean Up... 28

6 2.3 Validation Identification And Quantitative Estimations Protocols INSECTICIDE DISSIPATION STUDIES Objectives Research Methodology Cultural practices and treatment application Determination of Waiting Period Determination Of Harvest Time Residues Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) Establishing MRLs Major Research Results -- Waiting Periods Major Research Results -- Harvest Time Residues MONITORING OF INSECTICIDE RESIDUES Objectives Research Methodology Major Research Results MINIMIZING INSECTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND FOODS Sources of Insecticide Residues in Agricultural Commodities Sources of Insecticide Contamination of Food Factors in Persistence of Insecticides How to Minimize Insecticide Residues? Decontamination of Food Commodities of Their Insecticide Residues SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVE Analytical Dissipation studies Monitoring studies Minimizing Insecticide Residues

7 6.5 Perspective APPENDIX 7. MRLS AND EMRLS CODEX ALIMERTARIUS COMMISSION MRLS PRESCRIBED UNDER PFA ACT, 1954 AND RULES 1955 (MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE, GOI, NEW DELHI)* ADI OF CERTAIN INSECTICIDES (SOURCE: PESTICIDE MANUAL OF TOMLIN, 2000 BROWSED THROUGH INTERNET IN 2005 AND OTHERS) ORAL LD 50 OF CERTAIN INSECTICIDES (SOURCE: USDA PESTICIDE DATA PROGRAMME, ; NEW ENGLAND APPLE PEST MGMT. GUIDE, ; BROWSED THROUGH INTERNET IN 2005) SOME CONTACT SOURCES FOR OBTAINING FURTHER INFORMATION ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES (A) INDIA (B) International RESEARCH JOURNALS CONSULTED ON DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOODSTUFFS UNITS AND SYMBOLS USED IN THE TEXT MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF CERTAIN INSECTICIDES INCLUDED IN THE TEXT

8 15. MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF FOOD CROPS MENTIONED IN THE TEXT GLOSSARY OF TERMS OFTEN USED IN PESTICIDE RESIDUES LITERATURE BIBLIOGRAPHY

9 DEDICATED TO MY LATE FATHER "While it is neither necessary nor possible to have zero - exposure to chemicals, it is always smarter to handle them with a degree of caution". Dr. S. Varshney

10 PREFACE As back as in 1972, Wessel, J.R. of New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, USA reported that, on an average, insecticide residues present in various food commodities constituted over 89% of residues of all pesticides combined. This holds good even today as is evident from latest pesticide residue researches on the subject published from different parts of the world, including India. Further, Indian agriculture is predominantly an insecticide oriented farming system where almost 60% of the pesticides consumed are insecticides. These factuals formed the basis of highlighting in the present book subject matter relating only to insecticide residues, in foodstuffs. There are six chapters in the book. In each chapter there is a marked thrust on bringing home practical implications of major aspects of insecticide residues the way these affect our domestic food production and consumption activities, besides the agro-based export sales. In the First Chapter, the reader is introduced to the importance of our growing insecticide industry in safeguarding our crops, against the backdrop of negative aspects of indiscriminate and injudicious uses of insecticides resulting in unwanted residues in our food and feed. The Second Chapter is designed to present modern methods of analysis of insecticide residues in foodstuffs, along with some examples of methodologies reported by internationally prominent pesticide residue scientists. At the end of the chapter some selected protocols

11 Pesticide Residues in Food Commodities: Advances in Analysis, Evaluation, and Management, with Parti Publisher : Agrobios Publications ISBN : Author : Gupta A Type the URL : Get this ebook