Opportunities and Constraints to Uptake of SSI in Ethiopia, Ghana and Tanzania

Transcription

1 Opportunities and Constraints to Uptake of SSI in Ethiopia, Ghana and Tanzania Claudia Ringler Photo credit: Chris Magomba//Sokoine U. Photo Credit Goes Here

2 U.S. GOVERNMENT PARTNERS

3 Improved agricultural productivity 1 Identification of improved SSI for reduced poverty/ better nutrition Inclusive agricultural sector growth Review of previous interventions in relation to productivity, gender and nutrition Identification of candidate interventions Preparation of field interventions Sustainably reduce global poverty and hunger Increased investment in agriculture & nutrition related activities 2 Impacts, tradeoffs and synergies of SSI technologies and practices Implement and analyze quantitative and qualitative instruments Ex-ante intervention assessment Cost-benefit assessment & impacts for productivity, gender and nutrition Improved nutritional status Increased resilience of vulnerable communities and households 3 Constraints and opportunities for upscaling and improved access Assess biophysical and socioeconomic/ institutional uptake constraints Impacts of uptake on FtF/country level productivity, nutrition Improved access to diverse and quality foods 4 Capacity development, partnerships and engagement Graduate training program Short and long training courses Stakeholder engagement National/international conferences Outputs Activities SSI Innovations FtF Results Framework Number of hectares/ farmers/ interventions/ technologies Number of water resource sustainability assessments Women s dietary diversity, poverty, WEAI, stunting, technologies Number of water resource sustainability assessments Women s dietary diversity, poverty, WEAI, stunting, technologies Number of trainings, graduates, dissemination events Indicators

4 Opportunities & Constraints to SSI Adoption Multiple uses of water Slope/Soils, etc. Finance Water availability Adopti on Water Quality Fertilizer availability and cost Input & output markets Ag Commodity prices Technology cost Electricity / Energy Capacity / Risk Aversion / Socio cultural factors Black background Indicates gaps

5 Opportunities & Constraints to SSI Adoption Seasonal / GW vs SW / Reliability Water Quality Water availability Pesticides/Salinizat Government Competition for ion Fertilizer availability policies land and water; and cost and for Slope/Soils, water etc. Distance, market across uses Input & output channels, post markets Familiarity / Adopti harvest activities Gendered access Finance / on Gov regulation Technology cost Repair cost / Vendor availability Electricity/ / Gov regulation GHG emissions Energy / Energy supply / E- grid Ag Commodity Subsidies/ Tariffs; prices preferential crops Capacity Is / irrigation Risk already Aversion present? / Socio Does extension cultural understand factors irrigation? Government policy / support

6 Opportunities and constraints to the adoption of gender-equitable SSI for enhanced nutrition 1. Improved maternal and child nutrition through increased diversity and quantity foods (what is grown, grown in dry season?) 2. Improved maternal and child nutrition through increased household incomes (profitability?) 3. Improved environmental conditions for better maternal and child health outcomes (use of irrigation water for WASH) 4. Improved income generation and decision-making power for women (women s decision-making over plot/technology/sale of product/income from sale of product) 5. Increased time availability for women (labor saving/ less/no need to collect dom water)

7 Opportunities and constraints to the adoption of gender-equitable SSI for enhanced nutrition 1. Malaria and other water-borne diseases (complementary health interventions / environmental management) 2. Water pollution (pesticides/ fertilizer) 3. Water depletion for domestic uses (f.ex. BAN irrigation wells depleted close-by domestic wells and reduced water access to poorer farmers who could not afford deeper wells) 4. If women get involved in irrigated plots w/o control over technology/crops/sale or income from sale, the gender asset gap might increase and nutritional outcomes might or not worsen 5. No. 4. could also adversely affect time availability

8 Does irrigation adversely affect domestic uses or sanitation? Is there competition, potential for How far is the plot from the contamination, potential for homestead; how easy is the adverse health impacts from Gender & Irrigation technology to use; how culturally disease? appropriate Seasonal / GW is the vs crop / animal for Who takes decision over the SW / Reliability Water Quality women to manage or sell, or own technology, the crops grown, labor Water availability income over Pesticides/Salinizat use Government on irrigated plots, takes ion Fertilizer availability Competition for decisions policies on products (crops or and cost Is land technology and Slope/Soils, water really etc. labor saving milk/meat), sells and owns income and/or reduces time to collect Distance, from market sales Input & output water channels, post markets Familiarity Adopti Are gendered Finance / harvest preferences activities for irrigation technologies considered Gendered access / on Gov Is information regulation on technology and Ag Commodity from Subsidies/ the beginning? Tariffs; training on technology and related prices preferential crops fertilizer, Technology cost Repair cost seed, / and agronomic Do communities support women s practices Vendor made availability equally available to involvement in irrigation or women Electricity/ Capacity Is irrigation / Risk already / Gov and regulation men, i.e. taken account managing of products, such as milk GHG emissions Energy / of women s more myriad time Aversion present? related / Socio to Does irrigation? extension water Energy supply / E- constraints? Do men support cultural understand factors irrigation? grid Do governments, NGOs & private sector actively women s control over assets and Government policy / supported gender-equitable, culturally appropriate income related to irrigation? support approaches related to irrigation?

9 Photo credit: IWMI Flickr THANK YOU!