The Global Challenge: Reducing water use for Agriculture while improving food security and peoples livelihoods.

Transcription

1 The Global Challenge: Reducing water use for Agriculture while improving food security and peoples livelihoods. Dr. Biksham Gujja Policy Advisor, Global Freshwater Programme Gland For 23 rd Aug lecture at SRI training, DRR, Hyd.

2 People take shelter on either side of the railway track near the Kamtaul railway station in north Bihar after the area was flooded by the Bagmati river. A flood affected family leaves their home for a relief center on a makeshift tube raft at Balrampur village, in Gorakpur district, in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, Friday, Aug. 10, Authorities on Friday canceled doctors' vacation time and rushed food, clean drinking water and medicine to India's flood-hit areas to ward off an epidemic with thousands of people returning to their ravaged homes. Torrential rains in the past two weeks across much of northern India, Bangladesh and Nepal have flooded rivers and submerged villages and farmland, killing at least 530 people and stranding some 19 million more, officials said Friday. (AP Photo/Rajesh Kumar Singh)

3 Flood victims rush to collect relief material dropped by an Air Force helicopter in Darbhanga district of north Bihar on Saturday. An aerial view of a part of Darbhanga district in North Bihar on Saturday.

4 A woman transports her possessions and goat on a boat made of banana leaves in Sirajganj, Bangladesh A Bangladeshi woman and child wade through floodwaters in Sirajgonj District. A man wades through a flooded road after heavy rains in Mumbai August 3, Village family, Sirajganj, Bangladesh

5 Residents of Keraniganj walk on a bridge on the bank of the Buriganga river August 4, More than 200 people have died in monsoon flooding in South Asia in the last 10 days while more than 10 million remained marooned in their villages or homeless on Friday, with many having no access to health care. Villagers watch flooded paddy field in Nepal

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10 WWF's MISSION IS TO STOP THE DEGRADATION OF THE PLANET'S NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND TO BUILD A FUTURE IN WHICH HUMANS LIVE IN HARMONY WITH NATURE, BY: Conserving the world's biological diversity Ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable Promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption

11 WWF s INFLUENCE COMES FROM. 5 million members globally Offices in 56 Countries Working in 100 Countries

12 FROM MISSI0N TO GLOBAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIES WHAT? WHERE? FORESTS SPECIES FRESHWATER OCEANS & COASTS TOXICS CLIMATE CHANGE WHAT + WHERE = WWF'S GLOBAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIES

13 Water: a global challenge 1.1 B without safe water supply 2.4 B without sanitation 3-10 M deaths from waterborne diseases Ecosystem being most rapidly destroyed Most species-rich ecosystem; greatest decline

14 A water scarcity crisis: 70% agriculture 20% industry 10% urban use WWF LPR 2002 Eradicating malnutrition by 2025, with current productivity, requires additional diversions close to all the water withdrawals at present (IMWI & SIWI).

15 A biodiversity crisis: Losses over 50% since 1970, greater than forests and marine (~ 30%) Severe human impacts The hidden freshwater crisis WWF Living Planet Report 2004

16 River Basin Programme

17 Rivers at Risk Yangtze Tigris & Euphrates La Plata

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19 Water Conflicts in India Driving water demand Rural areas dumping grounds Water conflicts

20 How we eat and wear water Promote adoption of policies and practices by at least 100 governments, by three food and fibre industry sectors at least 20 WWF initiatives have stopped or modified infrastructure schemes... 5 market-based or policy frameworks are in place to promote better practice in agricultural commodities 10 countries are supported in water use programmes that reduce poverty and conserve biodiversity SRI is part of that Global vision

21 Promoting sustainable water use: Cotton & sugar Subsidies Poverty & water Now working on Rice

22 Climate change and water Dry areas > drier, wet areas > wetter Human consumption exceeds climate-induced loss Renewed incentive for hydropower Water variability > more dams Desalinisation = energy internsive

23 Water use - agriculture Agricultural Water Use (percent of renewable resource) Bahrain 3379% Kuwait 1619% United Arab Emirates 939% Saudi Arabia 638% Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 423% Qatar 414% Oman Jordan Syrian Arab Rep Iran, Islamic Rep India Bulgaria Egypt Tajikistan Yemen Pakistan Uzbekistan Tunisia Kazakhstan Azerbaijan Afghanistan Israel Turkmenistan 117% 108% 107% 88% 77% 70% 69% 69% 66% 59% 59% 57% 42% 40% 40% 38% 38% Iraq 35% Dominican Rep Morocco Spain Lebanon Armenia Barbados 35% 34% 29% 28% 27% 23% 10000% 1000% 100% 10% 1% Data source: WRR

24 Paddy cultivation = High demand on Freshwater Water = Water Crisis Less water consumption in paddy cultivation = Less Water conflicts = good for people and ecosystems Producing more Rice with less Water Should be priority no.1 for scientist

25 Global Area- 175 million ha Top 20 Countries in Rice, Paddy Area Area in Million Ha India China Indonesia Bangladesh Thailand Viet Nam Myanmar Philippines Brazil Pakistan Nigeria Cambodia Japan Nepal United States of America Madagascar Korea, Republic of Sri Lanka Laos Malaysia Year 1999 Year 2000 Year 2001 Year 2002 Year 2003 Year 2004

26 A. P. Irrigation Area of Irrigation in A.P. for Rice in Last five years - 41 lakhs of hectares to 26 lakhs of hectares Area ( in 1000 ha) 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Year Rice

27 Percentage of Area of Irrigation, A.P. Percentage of area of irrigation for Ten crops Percentage (%) Rice Sugarcane Groundnut Cotton Maize Chillies Turmeric Coconut Tobacco Onions Jowar Year

28 Comparison Graph Comparison between Canals & Total of Others in A.P. Area (1000 ha) Year Canals Total of Others

29 Area of Rice & Food Grains District wise Area of Rice and Area of Total Food Grains Area (1000 ha) West Godavari East Godavari Krishna Nellore Guntur Karimnagar Srikakulam Warangal Nalgonda Mahbubnagar Nizamabad Khammam Vizianagaram Medak Adilabad Prakasam Visakhapatnam Kurnool Chittoor Anantapur Kadapa Ranga Reddy Rice Total Food grains

30 Comparison of Surface and Groundwater Irrigated Rice Areas in Andhra Pradesh Area in 1000 Ha Years Surface water Ground water

31 Per capita of Rice & Total Food Grains Production Percapita of Rice Production & Total Food Grains Percapita (Kg / Person) Srikakulam Vizianagaram Visakhapatnam East Godavari West Godavari Krishna Guntur Prakasam Nellore Chittoor Kadapa Anantapur Kurnool Mahbubnagar Ranga Reddy Hyderabad Medak Nizamabad Adilabad Karimnagar Warangal Khammam Nalgonda Percapita Rice Production (Kg/Person) Percapita total food grains (Kg/Person)

32 Have you eaten rice today? 23% calories, wheat and maize together Main food for 50% of global population 2 billion people work in rice fields a grain of gold It is culture, tradition and also food 4000 years of history

33 Area: 154 m. ha. Production- 605 MT. Productivity- 3,897 kg/ha. Production value: $ 105 b. Exports- 23 MT Export Value- $ 6 billion Asia -160 kg/y/person. Rice- Oryza stavia

34 Rice and food security 95% consumed by producing nations 23. m.t traded internationally 4.5 m.t. imported by sub-saharan Africa Expanding Africa Role in meeting MDG

35 Rice = water 1 > 70% irrigated rice > 70% water used for irrigation globally Rice uses> 80% water, many countries 2-5,000 litres to produce one kg

36 Rice and water 2 Globally billion cubic meter used to produce rice 70% all water used for agriculture 40% more rice need to be produced by 2050 More water is needed Govt. want to construct more dams

37 Rice and ecosystems Rice fields are also considered wetlands, but they are too many Impact on rivers, lakes, ground water is immense Irrigation projects are too expensive, damaging

38 Global Production- 605 m. t. (2004) Top 20 Countries Rice, Paddy Production Production ( Millions Mt) China India Indonesia Bangladesh Viet Nam Thailand Myanmar Philippines Brazil Japan United States of America Pakistan Korea, Republic of Egypt Cambodia Nepal Nigeria Sri Lanka Madagascar Iran, Islamic Rep of Year 1999 Year 2000 Year 2001 Year 2002 Year 2003 Year 2004

39 Rice Yield (t/ha) in India District-wise during

40 Rice Yield (kg / ha) in A. P. District-wise during

41 Conclusions Less water in Paddy cultivation contributes to- - more production - Less water conflicts - Money saving to country, farmers - Good for ecology - avoids expensive dams, displacements, social issues So, by 2020 we should have target that at least 40% of irrigated rice should be use SRI kind of water saving farm based methods to reduce water input.

42 Publications

43 DIALOGUE ON WATER, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT