Strategies for the Future

Transcription

1 The Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program Strategies for the Future David G. Holm San Luis Valley Research Center Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture Agricultural Experiment Station

2 We thank several growers, shippers, and other industry related personnel who cooperate in assessing the production, adaptability, and marketability of advanced potato selections from our program! The Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program relies on the cooperation of several growers, shippers, processors, and research personnel to assess the production, adaptability, marketability, and other characteristics of advanced selections from our program. We sincerely appreciate their support and the valuable feedback they provide. We thank many cooperating breeding and selection programs throughout the United States and Canada who have provided breeding material and opportunities to screen our germplasm under various growing conditions and disease pressures not available in Colorado.

3 Thank You! Financial Support from the following is gratefully acknowledged: Colorado Potato Industry - Area II and III Colorado State University - Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station & the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture USDA - National Institute of Food and Agriculture Colorado Department of Agriculture - SCBG United States Potato Board - NCPT/NFPT Stone s Farm Supply - in-kind support

4 Background Information

5 The Art & the Science of Potato Breeding

6 Potato Cultivar Development Priority is provide a solid foundation for the development and commercialization of new potato cultivars. As such, potato cultivar development is a long-term process.

7 Traditional Potato Breeding 14+ Years

8 Colorado Releases Year Colorado Releases Year Russets Specialties Centennial Russet 1976 Mountain Rose 2005 Ute Russet 1986 Purple Majesty 2005 Russet Nugget 1988 Masquerade 2013 Keystone Russet 2000 Midnight Moon 2014 Silverton Russet 2000 Red Luna 2014 Rio Grande Russet 2004 Canela Russet 2007 Chippers Mesa Russet 2011 Chipeta 1993 Crestone Russet 2013 Mercury Russet 2013 Colorado Clonal Selections Year Fortress Russet 2014 Russets Reds Russet Norkotah-S3, S Sangre 1982 Reds Colorado Rose 2004 Sangre-S10, S11, S Rio Colorado 2007

9 Cooperative Releases Year Cooperative Releases Year Russets Reds Frontier Russet 1990 Alta Rose* 2013 Ranger Russet 1991 Century Russet 1995 Specialties Russet Legend* 1999 Sierra Gold 2002 Alta Crown* 2003 AmaRosa 2012 Glacier Fryer* 2004 Alta Cloud* 2012 Chippers Compact* 2014? Gemchip 1989 Splendor Russet* 2014? Hamer* 2014? *Selected from Colorado crosses.

10 Cultivar Performance = Genetics + (Management + Environment) + [Genetics x (Management + Environment)]

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12 Germplasm Accession and Introgression The transfer of genetic information from one potato species to another as a result of hybridization between them and repeated backcrossing. Introgression involves add-on breeding initiatives parallel breeding programs. One step forward one step back.

13 Germplasm Accession and Introgression Late blight resistance Virus resistance (PVX, PVY, PLRV, TRV) Powdery and common scab Nematode resistance Flavor Carotenoids orange flesh

14 Inca Dawn

15 Marker Assisted Selection Potato cultivars are the result of the combination of a multitude of traits. MAS is generally focused on a specific genetic background. Polygenic traits are more difficult to work with may be overcome via analysis of plant metabolites. Need to consider environmental effects.

16 Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) MAS has been useful in screening parents for specific traits for use in hybridizing. MAS has been useful in screening populations for specific traits. MAS can be used to track introgression of genetic information from one potato species to another.

17 Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) If markers have been defined for traits of interest, MAS can be a rapid, reliable, simple, and relatively economical process. New methods need to be developed to maximize the utility of MAS in a traditional breeding program. Can we shorten the time to develop new potato cultivars with desired traits? MAS is not an end-all to developing a new potato cultivar

18 Evaluation of Parental Genotypes for Traits Using Marker Assisted Selection Rob Sabba and Asunta Thompson

19 Ry adg and Ry sto - PVY Resistance Ry adg from S. tuberosum ssp. Andigena SCAR marker linked to Ry adg Primer Set 3.3.3s(F): 5 -ATA CAC TCA TCT AAA TTT GAT GG-3 ADG23(R): 5 -AGG ATA TAC GGC ATC ATT TTT CCG A-3 Resistance Band: 321 bp Resistant Standard: Reiche Control Band: 600 bp Control Primer Set (sucrose synthase 3) SUS3-F: 5 -CTG CAA GCT AAG CCT GAT CTT ATT ATC-3 SUS3-R: 5 -TTC GGA GTA TGG AAA ATA GAG ATT CAC-3 Harchenko, 2014 Kasai K. et al., Genome 33:1-8 Whitworth J.L. et al, Am. J. Potato Res 86:

20 Ry adg and Ry sto - PVY Resistance Ry sto from Solanum stoloniferum STS marker linked to Ry sto Primer Set YES3-3A(F): 5 -TAA CTC AAG CGG AAT AAC CC-3 YES3-3A(R): 5 -AAT TCA CCT GTT TAC ATG CTT CTT GTG A-3 Resistance Band: 341 bp Resistant Standard: PA98V2-1 Song Y-S & Schwarzfischer A, Am. J. Potato Res, 85:

21 Ry adg and Ry sto - PVY Resistance Ry adg Ry sto Eva J103-K7 King Harry N ND ND ND6956b-13 J103-K7 ND6957B-25P ND060648ABC-1 ND6961B-2PY NDJL19C-1 ND039194AB-1RussY RK24-48 ND PPinto ATND PintoY C322 Rizza et al RK47-3

22 Marketing (DARE) Disease Screening Houser Cultural Management Essah Bioactive Compounds (FSHN) Sensory Evaluation Jayanty Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program Holm/Gray Postharvest Physiology/ Storage Mgmt Profiles Jayanty Other Cooperators Growers/States/Agencies Seed Certification & CCPGA Sather/Houser/Hess Nutritional Characteristics and Health Attributes Heuberger/Thompson Molecular Biology Vivanco