CSU Wheat Breeding and Genetics Program Update

Transcription

1 CSU Wheat Breeding and Genetics Program Update Scott D. Haley CSU Wheat Breeder Soil and Crop Sciences Department Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado scott.haley@colostate.edu web - wheat.colostate.edu twitter

2 CSU Wheat Breeding Overall Objectives 1) Develop improved hard red (HRW) and hard white (HWW) wheat varieties and germplasm adapted for the diverse production conditions in Colorado and the west central Great Plains, and 2) Conduct applied-basic research to improve understanding of genetic and environmental (biotic and abiotic) factors that affect wheat yield and end-use quality.

3 Breeding Program Objectives Yield and yield stability - Environmental stress tolerance drought, high temperature, winter injury - Agronomic adaptation plant height, straw strength, maturity, coleoptile length, shattering tolerance - Disease and insect resistance stripe rust, wheat stem sawfly, wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Russian wheat aphid (RWA) End-use quality - Milling properties - Dough mixing properties - Bread baking properties

4 Conventional Pipeline 9-10 Number of Years 0 Crossing Two cycles/year Feb-March planting Bulk testing Two generations (years) Yield, test weight, visuals Line derivation Headrow selection Line re-selection Line testing Preliminary (2 locs) Advanced (7 locs) CSU Elite (23 locs) Variety Trial (11+3 locs) Fast Track Pipeline Crossing Elite/elite crosses Three-ways (markers) Doubled haploid 12 months seed-seed DNA marker selection Single seed descent 2 greenhouse cycles Line selection in field Line testing Observation row (1 loc) Advanced (3-5 locs) CSU Elite (23 locs) Variety Trial (11+3 locs) 6-7 Number of Years 0

5 CSU Winter Wheat Testing Locations Sedgwick Larimer 29 total field locations, ~17k plots - Colorado: 13 dryland, 3 irrigated - Outstate: 11 dryland, 2 irrigated - varied production management Colorado research centers - Akron (USDA-ARS) - Walsh - Fort Collins (ARDEC, irrigation) 13 locations with cooperating producers, most being certified seed growers Weld Logan Phillips Morgan Yuma Washington Kit Carson Cheyenne Lincoln Kiowa Prowers Baca Uniform Variety Performance Trial (UVPT, dryland) Irrigated Variety Performance Trial (IVPT) Main Testing Locations (1999) Main Testing Locations (2003) CSU Elite Trial Locations (2007,14)

6 CSU Wheat Breeding Program Summary of released varieties information on varieties wheat variety performance database variety ownership and marketing

7 6 of the top 7 released varieties Overall the top 12 entries 15 of the top 16 9 experimental lines equal to or above Joe HWW ALL DH LINES

8 4 of the top 6 released varieties (including Breck) Overall the top 8 entries 12 of the top 14 8 experimental lines above the best released variety ALL DH LINES

9 2018 Colorado Winter Wheat Variety Survey 69.4% planted to CSU-developed varieties (7 of top 10) 2.7% planted to other publicly-developed varieties 16% planted to privately-developed varieties Source Colorado Ag Statistics Service

10 Breeding Program Focus Areas Wheat stem sawfly development of adapted, resistant varieties is an urgent and critical need - Incorporation of solid stem trait is a challenge due to poor adaptation of Montana germplasm and difficulty in evaluating solid stem trait - Semi-solid lines (15 on 5-25 scale) showed much reduced cutting at two sites in 2017; four lines on breeder seed increase (fall 19 release) - More solid lines (20-23) have been developed and are being tested Stripe rust we must work toward durable stripe rust resistance to reduce or eliminate the need for fungicides - There is still no race that is virulent on the two genes in Antero and Breck when in combination but there will be! - Through USDA-ARS cooperators in Pullman WA, we have identified breeding lines resistant to our races and the PNW races (D1770, D1299) - Using genomics tools, we can now identify breeding lines that are resistant in both places but lack the two genes in Antero and Breck

11 Breeding Program Focus Areas Wheat streak mosaic virus has long been a problem, but notoriously difficult to get opportunities for field evaluation until 2017! - We have good resistance to the wheat curl mite vector (Byrd, Avery, CO12D1770) and the virus itself (Snowmass, CO13D1299) - Using genomics, we can identify lines that carry both (CO13D0787) - Using genomics, we can leverage 2017 data long into the future, but Application of genomics wheat breeding has changed more in the last 4-5 years than in the prior years (since the plot combine) - Cheap, abundant DNA markers genotyping by sequencing - Use in prediction to decrease breeding cycle time (with DH, SSD) - Use in improving accuracy of selection and allocation of program resources (i.e., yield trialing, quality testing) - Use in acceleration of backcrossing novel traits

12 John Stromberger Emily Hudson-Arns Scott Seifert Tori Anderson

13 Meenakshi Santra Hong Wang Zaki Afshar

14 Acknowledgements

15 Questions?