NCSU Aquaculture Research Update 2016

Transcription

1 NCSU Aquaculture Research Update 2016 Daniels Borski Hinshaw Green Reading Funding Support FRG NC Agricultural Foundation and Others

2 Fish Pond Effluents Current research: Evaluation of land application of pond water as a means of reducing effluents from farms. - Three-year study showed hybrid poplar had highest survival and growth rates among 7 different species. -Replanted 12 clones of hybrid poplar at higher tree density. -Trees grew from 0.5 ft to 10-ft in first year. Harry V. Daniels Professor and Head Department of Applied Ecology North Carolina State University harry_daniels@ncsu.edu

3 Genetic Sex Determination and Breeding of Tilapias -Progeny testing to identify Nile X Nile families with mostly males (75%) -Hybrid Nile X Blue tilapia may produce mostly male offspring (> 80%) -Making more males eliminates use of hormones (methyltestosterone) Nile Tilapia Crosses Hybrid Nile-Blue Tilapia Crosses Male 662D Female 5545 Male 1639 Female 3363 Blue Male (50% Male) Nile Female (63% Male) Blue Male (66% Male) Nile Female (75% Male) 63% Male 75% Male Hybrid (82% Male) Hybrid (18% Male) 30% Male 55% Male Between family gender effects Good Bad Some families with lower male sex ratios produce more male hybrid tilapia

4 Improving Production Efficiency of Hybrid Striped Bass Russell J. Borski Professor, Dept. of Biological Sciences Faculty of Genomics and Biotechnology North Carolina State University

5 GOAL - Reduce the Costs of Hybrid Striped Bass Feed Objective: Evaluate fermented mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDM) as an alternative protein source in replacing fishmeal (FM) in HSB feed. Experiment: Isocaloric diets with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% replacement of fishmeal with MDM (43% CP, 7% crude fat, sinking pellet). Conclusion: Fermented MDM can be used as an alternative protein source in replacing 75% of the fishmeal in HSB feed. MDM replacement reduces feed costs by ~30% & HSB production costs by 18%.

6 Feed every day Fertilization Feed every other day Fertilization Feed every third day Fertilization No feed Fertilization Feed every day No fertilization W e ig h t G a in (g ) Relative Abundance GOAL Improve Pond Production of Nile Tilapia Experiment: Fish were fed different pulsed-feeding regimes in fertilized or non-fertilized ponds and bacteria in the gut were analyzed. Findings: Fish fed daily with or without pond fertilization and fish fed every other day along with pond fertilization had better net production. Differences in tilapia growth A A A B C 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% Relative abundance of bacteria in tilapia feces Cetobacterium somerae Peptostreptococcaceae Clostridium perfringens Clostridiaceae Gomphosphaeriaceae Bacteroidaceae % 30% 20% 10% 0% Feed every day Fertilization Feed every other day Fertilization Feed every third day Fertilization No feed Fertilization Feed every day No Fertilization

7 Center for Marine Sciences and Technology CMAST: Multi-college and inter-disciplinary programs in search of discoveries through integration of marine fisheries, aquaculture, veterinary medicine, seafood technology, habitat restoration, toxicology, ocean and climate modeling, engineering and resource economics. David Green, PhD Professor and Extension Seafood Specialist Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences

8 Seafood Laboratory Research: Specializing in product and process validation studies & adding value in aquaculture operations by post-harvest treatment of shell oysters (heat shock, ozone) and extended shelf-life of fish products to meet market demands for safety and quality. Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences

9 Seafood Laboratory Extension: National Seafood HACCP Alliance for Training and Education Provided AFDO training to 100 s of North Carolina seafood businesses with over 38,000 AFDO-certified nationally. Designed to meet the HACCP training requirements established under 21 CFR Part of the US Food and Drug Administration s mandatory HACCP inspection program. Program impacts are realized in FDA compliance, prevention of foodborne illness and improved product quality. Contact: David Green, Ph.D. Professor, Extension Seafood Specialist, (252) , dpg@ncsu.edu Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences

10 National Breeding Program for the Hybrid Striped Bass Industry Benjamin J. Reading Fish reproduction and aquaculture North Carolina State University Department of Applied Ecology Andrew S. McGinty Superintendent North Carolina State University Pamlico Aquaculture Field Laboratory Hopper Clark Reading McGinty Spring Spawning 2015 NCSU Pamlico Aquaculture Field Laboratory (PAFL) Striped Bass White Bass Hybrid Striped Bass 8th Generation Domestic 9th Generation Domestic

11 National Striped Bass Breeding Program Pamlico Aquaculture Field Laboratory 160 females crossed with 3 year-old males 4 Year-old Males to farmers* Year Class (# Fish) 160* Females Year-old Year-old 1 Year-old (thousands of fingerlings) striped bass families created in 2015 Males McGinty, Hopper, Clark, & Reading

12 Hormone-free domestic striped bass organized group spawning Group spawning tank Egg collectors 6.1 m (32,176 L) Harvest eggs Circular flow Eggs (200 L) Nitex McGinty, Hopper, Clark, Berlinsky, Kenter, Hodson, & Reading

13 Summary data of domestic striped bass organized group spawning trials Approximately half of the female striped bass spawned without hormone induction procedures (> 100,000 fry/fish). The average time to first spawn was hours after placing the males and females together and warming to degrees C. Total Total Percent of Fry Per Females Males Spent Females Fry Female Trial (4 y/o) (3 y/o) Females Spawned Produced Spawned 1 16* % 350,038 43, % 1,479, , * % 501, , % 915, ,814 Total ,247,012 - Average 49.5% - 109,828 Standard Deviation 10.8% - 51,228 *Female fish were subjected to ovary biopsy prior to spawning. The method is advantageous as it does not rely on technical expertise in staging female fish and it is commercially scalable. McGinty, Hopper, Clark, Berlinsky, Kenter, Hodson, & Reading

14 The Striped Bass Genome Project Ben Reading N.C. State Univ. Andy Baltzegar N.C. State Univ. Craig Sullivan Carolina AquaGyn Bob Chapman S.C. DNR Jenn Schaff N.C. State Univ. Charlie Opperman N.C. State Univ. Impacts and Uses of the Genome Sequence Mapping of genetic variation for selective breeding Better understanding of hybrid vigor Complete catalogue of all expressed genes National Aquaculture Genome Project

15 Cool and Coldwater Aquaculture Research and Extension Update Jeffrey M. Hinshaw Professor and Extension Specialist Department of Applied Ecology MHCREC/NCSU 455 Research Drive Mills River, NC

16 Case Closed?? Found in 2011 Weissella ceti NC36. Subsequently found in trout at two NC farms in A whole-cell vaccine provided protection in lab trials when administered by injection. Combination with vaccination for Yersinia ruckeri did not diminish the protection against either bacteria in the lab. Vaccination is the preferred approach as the pathogen is unresponsive to available antibiotics. Weissella sp. Yersinia ruckeri The vaccine has been applied to nearly 10,000,000 trout in NC. One group of 10,000 was not vaccinated against Weisella sp. for on-farm evaluation of efficacy. In , we collected bacterial isolates from all trout production farms in NC, beginning with those contiguous to the original outbreak sites. We also challenged vaccinated fish to determine whether the vaccine remained effective over an entire production cycle Final sampling efforts at previously positive farms failed to detect any Weissella! Future efforts will focus on edna sampling for this pathogen in farm water supplies.

17 But Now a New Challenge - Whirling Disease Has Been Found in NC Waters. Currently a wild trout issue not found on any production farms or waters supplying them. Possible Management Changes Concrete and other hard surface tanks, no earthen ponds No fish upstream, if possible Larger/older trout are more resistant; stock at 6-7 and larger. Still can be infected but pathology is not evident or is absent. Timing of stocking may be important Peak TAM release at ~54 o F (52 o -57 o F); reported to be insignificant outside this range. Sampling in cooperation with NCWRC 52 o 57 o F Images from Gilbert and Granath, 2003, Journal of Parasitology

18 Sturgeon Gender Identification Using Minimally and Non-invasive Methods Steroid Ratios in blood of pre-pubescent Russian sturgeon age 10 months and 22 months. No females were misidentified at 22 months. Metabolomic analyses are underway to seek additional markers for gender in young Russian sturgeon. Funding provided by the William White estate and the North Carolina Agricultural Foundation.

19 Sturgeon Gender Identification Using Minimally and Non-invasive Methods Biopsy Harvest-ready Caviar Ultrasound Collaborators and co-workers: Steroids In blood (mature Atlantic sturgeon) Sample 11-KT Estradiol T 11-KT/E2 T/E2 Sex male female male female male female female Collaborators: Craig Sullivan (Retired), Adrienne Ratti, Christina Shenton, Sabine Mader, Rick Vogt, Shane Williams, and all the staff at the LaPaz Group Sturgeon Farm. Funding provided by the William White estate and the North Carolina Agricultural Foundation.