Disease Management Systems in Carrot & Snap Bean

Transcription

1 Disease Management Systems in Carrot & Snap Bean Stephen Jordan, Bryan Webster, & Amanda Gevens Vegetable Pathology University of Wisconsin-Madison Central WI Processing Crops Meeting Plover, WI Mar :15-11:45AM & 1:30-2PM

2 Outline Carrot foliar blight fungicide efficacy trial summary for 2011 (Grower Cooperator, Syngenta, Endeavor, WI) Snap bean variety X N rate X irrigation scheme trial yield summary for 2011 (MWFPA, DelMonte, Plover, WI) Snap bean white mold fungicide efficacy trial summary for 2011 (Hancock, WI ARS)

3 Carrot Rationale for Work Wisconsin ranks second (closely behind WA) in acres planted to processing carrots with 3500 acres. -26% of total US planting Averaged ton/acre in 2010 Average price of $68.8 per ton with an estimated total value of $6.9 million Identification and appropriate timing of effective fungicides for foliar carrot diseases can help improve disease management, reduced environmental impact, and increase profitability

4 Alternaria Leaf Blight Alternaria dauci Overwinters Debris or Weeds, seedborne Asexual (conidia) Parasitic/Saprophytic Polycyclic Prefers aging or weak foliage Characteristics: Attacks margins, oblong or irregular lesions (dark brown), chlorosis, necrosis, favors older leaves, wind+splash dispersed Outbreaks- complete foliage decline

5 Cercospora Leaf Blight Cercospora carotae Overwinters Debris, seedborne Asexual (conidia) Primarily parasitic Polycyclic Annual problem Earlier than Alternaria blight Characteristics: Orange to tan, circular or elliptical lesions (pale brown) on petioles and leaflets, favors young leaves, wind+splash dispersed Petiole collapse = translocation

6 Combined Alternaria and Cercospora Leaf Spot

7 Combined Petiole Symptoms

8 Combined Affects: Alternaria and Cercospora Leaf Blights - Susceptible = foliar decline - Yield, quality and value reduced - Harvest difficulty - Chemical inputs needed W. Stevenson

9 Carrot Varieties and Disease Reaction Bolero Canterbury Carson Halfback Cheyenne Commanche Calgary Sirocco Goliath Canada Danvers 126 Prospector SugarSnax Enterprise Indiana Nevis Nandrin Recoleta Prodigy Gold King Heritage Protege Early Gold Yellowstone Lucky B Sunrise Fontana PY-60 Resistant Moderate Susceptible W. Stevenson

10 Cultivar Scouting & Monitoring Chemistry Fungicide Schedule - 10 days - Low Rate - 20 DSV Resistant % severity threshold chlorothalonil alt. strobilurin ~ days - 10 days - Low Rate - 15 DSV Moderate - 1 % severity threshold chlorothalonil alt. strobilurin ~ days - 7 days - Mid Rate - Weekly or Susceptible - <1 % severity threshold chlorothalonil alt. strobilurin 15 DSV ~ 7-10 days Regardless of cultivar: - Crop rotation - Optimum fertility - Irrigation management

11 Carrot fungicide efficacy trial Susceptible Fontana planted on muck soil previously planted to onion in Endeavor, WI Evaluated for Alternaria leaf blight, Cercospora leaf spot, and white mold (single rating for group) 4 replicated plots arranged in a randomized complete block design Each plot consisted of 5-ft-wide beds with four 18-ft-long rows spaced 15 in apart with 8-ft unsprayed buffer alleys between plots

12 Carrot fungicide efficacy trial Treatments (Applied at 14-day intervals) Rate/A Application schedule 1 Untreated -- 2 Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC 2.0 pt 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 3 Quadris Top 2.71 SC alt. Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC 4 Inspire XT 4.17 EC alt. Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC 5 A16976 (Bravo Top) alt. Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC 6 Omega 4 SC alt. Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC 7 Omega 4 SC alt. Bravo Weather Stik 720 SC 10.0 fl oz 2.0 pt 7.0 fl oz 2.0 pt 1.5 pt 2.0 pt 1.0 pt 2.0 pt 1.5 pt 2.0 pt 1, 2, 4, 5 3 1, 2, 4, 5 3 1, 2, 4, 5 3 1, 2, 4, 5 3 1, 2, 4, 5 3 Applications: 1=13 Jul. 2=28 Jul. 3=10 Aug. 4=24 Aug. 5=7 Sep. Harvested 28 Sep. -Disease Severity was measured prior to every fungicide application and at harvest

13 Carrot fungicide efficacy trial Treatments (Applied at 14-day intervals) Active Rate/A ingredient Application schedule 1 Untreated -- 2 Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC chlorothalonil 2.0 pt 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 3 Quadris Top 2.71 SC azoxystrobin+difenoconazole 10.0 fl oz 1, 2, 4, 5 alt. Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC alt. 2.0 chlorothalonil pt 3 4 Inspire XT 4.17 EC difenoconazole+propiconazole* 7.0 fl oz 1, 2, 4, 5 alt. Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC alt. 2.0 chlorothalonil pt 3 5 A16976 (Bravo Top) chlorothalonil 1.5 pt 1, + 2, difenoconazole* 4, 5 alt. Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC alt. chlorothalonil 2.0 pt 3 6 Omega 4 SC 1.0 pt 1, 2, 4, 5 alt. Bravo Weather Stik 6 SC fluazinam* alt. 2.0 pt 3 chlorothalonil 7 Omega 4 SC alt. Bravo Weather Stik 720 SC 1, 2, 4, pt fluazinam* alt. 3 chlorothalonil 2.0 pt Applications: 1=13 Jul. 2=28 Jul. 3=10 Aug. 4=24 Aug. 5=7 Sep. Harvested 28 Sep. -Disease Severity was measured at every fungicide application and at harvest *not registered on snap bean

14 Disease Ratings and Yield 0.25 Season-long foliar disease 30 Yield hand harvested No significant differences 0.20 c 25 RAUDPC a a a a b b Yield (ton/a) Untreated Bravo Quadris Inspire Treatment A Omega 4 1x Omega 4 1.5x 0 Untreated Bravo Quadris Inspire Treatment A Omega 4 1x Omega 4 1.5x

15 Carrot fungicide efficacy trial summary Fungicides treatments delivered significant control of foliar diseases when compared to the untreated control Bravo, Quadris Top, Inspire XT, and A16976 had significantly better control than the 1x and 1.5x rates of Omega 4 Yield, while not significantly different, was higher numerically in the fungicide treated plots

16 Carrot fungicide registrations for foliar blights Trade name a.i. FRAC class Bravo, Echo, Equus, Initiate chlorothalonil M5 AmTide, Bumper, Propimax, Tilt propiconazole 3 Cabrio pyraclostrobin 11 Endura boscalid 7 Contans Coniothyrium minitans biological Flint, Gem trifloxystrobin 11 Heritage, Quadris azoxystrobin 11 Quadris Opti azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil 11+M5 Quadris Top Quilt Excel azoxystrobin+ difenoconazole azoxystrobin+ propiconazole Iprodione, Nevado, Rovral iprodione Pristine boscalid + pyraclostrobin

17 Snap bean Rationale for work -Snap bean is a significant specialty crop in WI -Ranked #1 in 2009 and 2010 with 41% of total US production on 83,600 acres (2009) and 80,600 acres (2010) -Water and N inputs impact plant health and yield and can influence white mold and root rot -Disease resistant varieties with optimized N and irrigation regimes can further advance crop productivity -Identification of effective fungicides for white mold control can further optimize inputs for improved disease management, reduced environmental impact, and increased profitability

18 Snap Bean Studies I. Snap Bean Variety X Nitrogen X Irrigation Study 2 nd Year Collaboration with Don Caine, DelMonte Brian Flood, DelMonte Nick George, Midwest Food Processors Assoc. A.J. Bussan, UW-Horticulture M.D. Ruark, UW-Soil Science A.J. Gevens, UW-Plant Pathology II. Snap Bean White Mold Fungicide Efficacy Study - Hancock UW-Vegetable Pathology Stephen Jordan, A.J. Gevens Agrichemical Industry (BASF, DuPont, Marrone, AgraQuest, Bayer)

19 I. Snap Bean Variety X Nitrogen X Irrigation Study - Plover We evaluated disease, yield, and quality of: 5 processing snap bean varieties -Huntington -DMC 55 -DMC 57 -DMC 58 -DMC 59 under 4 nitrogen rates -20 lb/a -60 lb/a -100 lb/a -140 lb/a under 2 irrigation schemes - dry or deficit irrigation - wet or aggressive irrigation

20 Ton/A Effect of Irrigation Scheme Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals 6.3 (~7.5 ton) (~6.5 ton) DRY WET Irrigation Scheme

21 Ton/A Effect of Nitrogen Rate Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals Nitrogen Rate Across varieties - N rates significantly impact yield -similar trend as last year

22 Ton/A Ton/A Effect of Nitrogen Rate by Irrigation Scheme Dry Wet Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals Means and 95.0 Percent LSD Intervals Nitrogen Rate Nitrogen Rate

23 Effect of Nitrogen Rate by Variety lb N 60 lb N 100 lb N 140 lb N 6 ton/a DMC 55 DMC 57 DMC 58 DMC 59 Huntington Variety

24 Summary of 2011 Snap Bean Variety X Nitrogen X Irrigation Study DMC 57 yielded the greatest at 140 lb N/acre Lack of disease pressure (white mold, root rot, bac blights) At high N rates (100 & 140 lb/a), there were no significant differences in yield when means of all varieties were statistically analyzed (wet vs dry exception) Optimum N rate was different depending on variety Irrigation did not significantly impact yield in 2011, but did in 2010 Irrigation affecting Nitrogen use?

25 Snap bean white mold fungicide efficacy trial Planted 9 Jun with Blue Lake (Harris Moran), 10 seed/ft Plots consisted of 4, 14 ft rows with a between row spacing of 16 in. Plots replicated 4X and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sunflowers were planted in plot in 2010 and flowers inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to serve as a natural source of ascospore inoculum. Plots were irrigated 2-3 X/week to promote disease. Fungicide applications for control of white mold were applied twice (depending on fungicide treatment) at bloom (21 Ju) and 7 days later (28 Jul).

26 Snap bean fungicide efficacy trial what we wanted what we got

27 Trt No. Fungicide Rate/A Application Timing 1 Untreated NA 2 Contans 1.62 kg 1.62 kg At Planting 3 Serenade Soil 64 fl oz At Planting 4 Serenade Soil 128 fl oz At Planting 5 Regalia 1 qt 1,2 Topsin 30 Fl oz 1,2 6 Regalia 1 qt 1,2 Endura 8 oz 1,2 7 Regalia 1 qt 1,2 Quadris 10 fl oz 1,2 8 Fontelis SC 1 pt 1,2 9 Fontelis SC 1.5 pt 1,2 10 Fontelis SC 30 Fl oz 1,2 11 Aproach 2.08 SC 6 fl oz 1,2 12 Aproach 2.08 SC 12 fl oz 1,2 13 Aproach 2.08 SC 12 fl oz 1,2 NIS 0.25% 1,2 14 Q8Y78SC 24 fl oz 1,2 15 Headline 2.09 EC 6 fl oz 1,2 16 Endura 70 WG 8 fl oz 1,2 17 Endura 70 WG 8 fl oz 1,2 NIS 0.25% 1,2 18 Endura 70 WG 8 fl oz 1 NIS 0.25% 1 19 Endura 70 WG 8 fl oz 2 NIS 0.25% 2 20 Quadris Flowable 10 fl oz 1,2 21 Omega 8 fl oz 1,2 22 Switch 14 oz 1,2 23 Propulse 10.4 oz 1,2 Treatments -applied at planting (soil drench) -at 30% bloom (21 Jul) -at 1 week after 30% bloom (28 Jul) -Disease incidence of white mold on pods was measured at harvest

28 Trt No. Fungicide Rate/A Application Timing 1 Untreated NA 2 Contans 1.62 kg Coniothyrium 1.62 kg minitans At Planting 3 Serenade Soil 64 fl oz At Planting Bacillus subtilis 4 Serenade Soil 128 fl oz At Planting Regalia Reynoutria 1 qt sachalinensis + 1,2 5 Topsin thiophanate 30 Fl oz methyl 1,2 Regalia Reynoutria 1 qt sachalinensis + 1,2 6 Endura 8 oz boscalid 1,2 7 Regalia Reynoutria 1 qt sachalinensis + 1,2 Quadris 10 fl oz azoxystrobin 1,2 8 Fontelis SC 1 pt 1,2 9 Fontelis SC 1.5 penthiopyrad pt 1,2 10 Fontelis SC 30 Fl oz 1,2 11 Aproach 2.08 SC 6 fl oz 1,2 12 Aproach 2.08 SC 12 fl picoxystrobin oz 1,2 13 Aproach 2.08 SC 12 fl oz 1,2 NIS 0.25% 1,2 14 Q8Y78SC 24 fl experimental oz 1,2 15 Headline 2.09 EC 6 fl pyraclostrobin oz 1,2 16 Endura 70 WG 8 fl oz boscalid 1,2 17 Endura 70 WG 8 fl oz boscalid 1,2 NIS 0.25% 1,2 18 Endura 70 WG 8 fl oz boscalid 1 NIS 0.25% 1 19 Endura 70 WG 8 fl oz boscalid 2 NIS 0.25% 2 20 Quadris Flowable 10 fl azoxystrobin oz 1,2 21 Omega 8 fl oz fluazinam 1,2 22 Switch cyprodinil 14 oz + fludioxonil 1,2 23 Propulse fluopyram 10.4 oz + prothioconazole 1,2 Treatments -applied at planting (soil drench) -at 30% bloom (21 Jul) -at 1 week after 30% bloom (28 Jul) -Disease incidence of white mold on pods was measured at harvest

29 Yield (ton/a) Snap Bean Yield (ton/acre) Differences not significant

30 Fungicide Efficacy Trial Summary Hancock, Low disease pressure at flowering, no significant disease development on pods -No significant differences in disease across treatments (extremely low disease pressure) -High temperatures during flowering advanced physiological stage of plant and limited white mold -No significant differences in yield across treatments, no treatment separated from the untreated control

31 Acknowledgements University of Wisconsin-Plant Pathology Ken Cleveland, Amilcar Sanchez Perez, Anna Seidl Hancock Agricultural Research Station Glenn Carlson Agrichemical Industry DelMonte MWFPA Thank you!