Presentation Overview

Transcription

1 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and its Role in Natural Resource Regeneration Ministry of Rural Development Government of India Presentation Overview Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) Overview NREGA & Natural Resource Regeneration Convergence Initiatives taken by the Ministry 1

2 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act & Objectives 1. Providing wage employment opportunities 2. Creating sustainable rural livelihoods through rejuvenation of natural resource base i.e. augmenting productivity and supporting creation of durable assets 3. Strengthening rural governance through decentralisation and processes of transparency and accountability An Act to provide for the enhancement of livelihood security of the households in rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days of Guaranteed wage employment in every financial year to every household Mahatma Gandhi NREGA (FY ) 200 Districts (FY ) 330 Districts (FY ) 615 Districts (FY ) 619 Districts (Provisional) Employment provided to households: 21.0 Million 33.9 Million 45.1 Million 52.5 Million PERSONDAYS [in Million] Total: SCs: [25%] [27%] [29%] [31%] STs: [36%] [29%] [25%] [21%] Women: [41%] [43%] [48%] [49%] Others: [38%] [43%] [45%] [49%] Average personday per household 43 Days 42 Days 48 Days 54 Days FINANCIAL DETAIL Budget Outlay (In Rs Billion): Central Release (In Rs Billion): Total available fund [including OB]: In Rs. Billion Expenditure (In Rs. Billion) Average wage per day Rs. 65 Rs. 75 Rs. 84 Rs. 91 WORKS DETAIL Total works taken up (In Million): Works completed: Water conservation: [54%] [49 %] [46%] [51%] Provision of Irrigation facility to land owned by [10%] [15 %] [20%] [17%] SC/ST/ BPL/ S & MF and IAY benificiaries: Rural Connectivity: [21%] [17 %] [18%] [17%] Land Development: [11%] [16%] [15%] [14%] Any other activity: [4%] [3%] [1%] [2%] 2

3 MGNREGA: Positive Trends Increase in Agriculture Minimum Wages and wage earned per day and annual income. Bargaining power of labour has increased Earnings per HH has increased from Rs 2795 in to Rs 3150 in to Rs 4060 in and about Rs 5000 in Financial Inclusion: 9.19 crore accounts opened Distress migration has reduced in many parts Green Jobs created as 70% works relate to water conservation, waterharvesting, restoration, renovation and desilting of water bodies, drought-proofing, plantation & afforestation Productivity effects of NREGA reported - Improvement in ground water - Improved agricultural productivity & cropping intensity - Livelihood diversification in rural areas. 5 MGNREGA & Natural Resource Regeneration 3

4 Nature of MGNREGA works are such that they augment productivity Community Lands Private Lands Water conservation Water harvesting Irrigation Drought proofing Plantation & Afforestation Renovation of water bodies Desilting of tanks & canals Flood control measures Rural connectivity of SC/ST/IAY/Land Reform beneficiaries/bpl/small and marginal farmers Small & marginal farmers account for 80% of land- holdings & operate 40% of cultivated land Land Development Irrigation facilities Horticulture Plantation Impact on Eco Restoration Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Water Tables beginning to get recharged Improvement in land productivity Plantation/ afforestation Flood Control and Protection 8% 6% 9% 4% 24% Water Conservation and Water Harvesting Provision of Irrigation facility to Land Owned by SC/ST/BPL/ IAY Beneficiaries Rural Connectivity 2% Land Development Others 14% 17% Drought Proofing (Afforestation & Plantation) Micro Irrigation Works 17% Renovation of Traditional Water bodies (incl. desilting of tanks, ponds) 4

5 Increasing Share of works on private lands [provision of irrigation facilities to land owned by SC/SC/IAY/BPL/Small and Marginal Farmer beneficiaries] Leveraging NREGA for Sustainable Development through Inter-sectoral Convergence From mere wage employment to sustainable rural livelihoods From unskilled to skilled labour through knowledge & technology input, training & capacity building in productivity increases, water-use efficiency, backward forward linkages Significant productivity increases could be stimulated by NREGA on holdings of small and marginal farmers in rainfed areas 5

6 Joint Guidelines on convergence of MG NREGS with specific programmes & schemes Ministry of Agriculture -- Indian Council of Agricultural Research Ministry of Environment and Forest Ministry of Water Resources Department of Land Resources Pradhan mantri Gram Sadak Yojana Rural Roads SGSY (Department of Rural Development) Joint monitoring and review of the convergence Convergence Guidelines with Agriculture Schemes under issue Shared data base through MIS Shared use of GIS, use of satellite imaging planned. Pilots Projects on convergence in selected districts taken up like action research identifying further possibilities and up-scaling. Funding will be through MGNREGA and concerned programmes 11 Convergence with Programmes of Ministry of Forest and Environment and NREGS for Eco restoration Root stock regeneration, new plantation and Silvipasture Fencing Land Development to rehabilitate degraded forest Forest fair weather Roads Water Conservation National Afforestation Programme Implementation agencies: Joint Forest Management Committees 12 6

7 Convergence of Programmes of Ministry of Water Resources with NREGS For Effective Water conservation and efficient Water use Artificial Recharge of Ground Water through Dug well Repair, Renovation and Restoration of water bodies directly linked to Agriculture/ Aquaculture Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme Flood Management Programme Farmer s Participation Action Research Programme Command Area Development & Water Management Programme Value Addition: The work of Canal plantation and Canal fair weather road may be carried out under NREGA as value addition Triggering Green Revolution in Rainfed Areas Green Revolution bypassed the rainfed areas. Agriculture Development Programmes and MGNREGS converged have potential to become a life-support system in the rainfed areas Most MGNREGA works contribute directly or indirectly to agricultural development NREGA works catalyse agricultural development through: Additional land under irrigation/cultivation Improved soil fertility and moisture conservation Convergence with NHM, RKVY, NFSM, Fisheries etc Growth in consumption of agricultural inputs through increased household earnings So huge potential exists for NREGA convergence with agriculture and allied programmes such as; National Horticulture Mission Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana National Food Security Mission 14 7

8 MGNREG Convergence with RKVY Developing of rain fed farming systems in and outside watershed areas, as also integrated development of watershed areas, wastelands, river valleys Activities relating to enhancement of horticulture production and popularization of micro irrigation systems; Promote Organic farming through extensive composting and recycling of solid waste Seed production, packing and processing in common and community lands Common post harvest facilities for threshing, storage and labour intensive processing 15 MGNREGS with National Food Security Mission National Food Security Mission (NFSM) The objective of the Mission Increase production of rice, wheat and pulses through area expansion and productivity enhancement in a sustainable manner in the identified districts Restoring soil fertility and productivity at the individual farm level Creation of employment opportunities; and enhancing farm level economy ( i.e. farm profits) to restore confidence amongst the farmers. Value addition to NREGS work through NFSM Individual land holding cultivators benefiting under NREGS should be included under NFSM on priority, for value addition through sharing of information: Critical role of ATMA 16 8

9 Convergence with Watershed Programmes Guidelines Issued Project of a village to be prepared on Watershed approach Delineation of Watershed as per Common guidelines for Watershed Under NREGA, the size can be an area of the village matching micro watershed i.e. nearly 250 to 500 hectares. Gap Filling through NREGA a) Areas treated under Watershed Development programme but not saturated because of insufficient cost norms. b) Difficult areas, being treated under the watershed Development programme, where the revised cost norms is also not sufficient to saturate the area. c) New areas; neither yet treated nor planned under watershed programme and where works are to be planned on watershed approach under NREGA. 17 Quantification of Environmental Services Identification & quantification of environmental services generated through MGNREGS works, towards climate change mitigation and adaptation Assess opportunities for conversion into revenue stream for NREGS workers Collaborations I. Indian Institute of Science (IISC Bangalore) and German and International Development Cooperation (GTZ) -IISc developed tools and conduted pilots in Karnataka Findings: -increase in groundwater level, water percolation -improvement in soil fertility leading to improved land productivity. -reduction in water vulnerability and livelihood vulnerability -Other districts for similar studies being considered 9

10 Women : Custodians of the Environment Women are more severely affected by climate change and natural disasters because of their social roles (providing daily essentials food, fuel, fodder, water) and because of discrimination and poverty (IUCN report on Gender & Climate Change) Production systems-food, water subject to climate variability Works under MGNREGA including afforestation, water conservation contribute to adaptability to climate change Assessment of environment services- IISc conducting pilot study, using water, agriculture and livelihood vulnerability indices to quantify environmental services rendered by MGNREGA workers Preliminary findings suggest reduction in water vulnerability index, agriculture vulnerability, livelihood vulnerability index Investing in Climate Change for the Poor: Can MGNREGA be effectively harnessed Climate change policy & mechanisms can generate income for small & marginal farmers and investment flows for rural communities Only 3-4% of carbon trading is sourced from agriculture, land use, land use change, agroforestry and forestry Using the unique identity of MGNREGA workers, NREGA works, detailed documentation & records, the MIS systems in place and advanced ICT to streamline measurement, financial flows to benefit rural communities from carbon trading 10

11 Programme synergies for natural resource management, livelihood security and sustainable development 1. Adaptation to Climate change / Variability service Reducing vulnerability to climate variability and climate change Drought proofing Water conservation, water harvesting & irrigation, etc Afforestation, horticulture, etc 1. Climate change mitigation - service Carbon sequestration Land development; soil conservation Tree planting activities Afforestation & Horticulture 3. Food security - service Land development Water conservation Water harvesting Provision of irrigation facility 4. Water security Desilting of tanks, Water harvesting, etc Renovation of traditional water bodies 5. Livelihood security Tree planting Afforestation and horticulture, fuelwood supply Land development 6. Biodiversity conservation Tree planting Horticulture Afforestation 7. Natural resource conservation Land development Water conservation Afforestation 11

12 Working models, convergence Working Model: Orissa, Mayurbhanj, Ganjam Convergence: Model I Community Tank under NREGS Fishery through SHGs Horticulture & Plantation Irrigation & Water Conservation 12

13 Convergence: Model II Irrigation Watershed Development under NREGS Fishery through the SHGs Animal Husbandry Social Forestry Plantation & Horticulture Soil and Water Conservation Convergence: Model III Rural Connectivity under NREGS Plantation Water Conservation Conversion into Pucca Road through PMGSY 13

14 Selected Villages in Mayurbhanj District Identified Villages/GPs for MGNREGS Convergence in Mayurbhanj District and Activities undertaken S.N. Name of Block Name of Gram Panchayts(GPs) Village Major Activities Departments involved 1 Morada Sureidihi Chakundapada (i) Farm Pond-Horticulture- Pisciculture-Poultry-irrigation (ii) Community Tank- Pisciculture-Horticulture-Irrigation (i) Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture (ii) Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture, SGSY Bhaliadiha Kalarafulia Farm Pond-Horticulture-Pisciculture- Poultry-irrigation Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture 2 Bangiriposi Surisapal Kanchinda Farm Pond-Horticulture-Piscicultureirrigation Horticulture, Fishery, Agriculture Budhikhamari Budhikhamari Community Tank-Fishery-Horticulture Fishery, Horticulture, Veterinary 3 Samakhunta Paikabasa Harischandrapur (i) Farm Pond-Horticulture- Pisciculture-Poultry-irrigation (ii) Community Tank- Pisciculture-Horticulture-Irrigation Rangamatia Kundalbani Farm Pond-Pisciculture-irrigation (i) Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture (ii) Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture Fishery, Agriculture 4 Kuliana Baiganabadia Balipal Farm Pond-Horticulture-Pisciculture- Poultry-irrigation Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture, SGSY Nodhana Nodhana Farm Pond-Horticulture-Pisciculture- Poultry-irrigation Horticulture, Fishery, KVK, Agriculture, SGSY Selected Villages in Ganjam Districts Identified Villages/GPs for MGNREGS Convergence in Ganjam District and Activities undertaken S.No Name of Block. Name of Gram Panchayts (GPs) Village Major Activities Departments involved 1 Hinjlicut Saru Saru Tank-Pisciculture- Plantation-Irrigation Fisheries, Irrigation, Horticulture, KVK Darubhadra Darubhadra Tank-Pisciculture- Plantation-Irrigation Fisheries, Irrigation, Horticulture, KVK 2 Rangeilunda Biswanathpur Biswanathpur Tank-Irrigation-Plantation-Rural connectivity Chikrada Chikrada Tank-Plantation- Piscicultur-/Horticulture Horticulture, Irrigation, Fishery, Agriculture-KVK Fisheries, Horticulture, Irrigation, Agriculture-KVK 3 Sheragada Sheragada Ramagiri Tank-Plantation Fisheries, Horticulture, Agriculture- KVK Karadakana Karadakana Tank-Poultry farm-rural connectivity- Plantation 4 Sana-Khemundi T. Govindpur Khaprabar Rural connectivity-tank-watershed Development- Forestry-Plantation Singipur Harina Rural Connectivity- Tank-Plantation- Watershed Development- Horticulture-Forestry Fisheries, Horticulture, Agriculture- KVK Horticulture, PMGSY, Fisheries, Forest, Water Resources, Agriculture-KVK, Horticulture, PMGSY, Fisheries, Forest, Water Resources, Agriculture-KVK 14

15 Major Findings: Perceptions of Line Department Officials Difficulties Faced by the Line Departments FISH. DEPT FOREST DEPT MI DEPT PR DEPT WR DEPT Total LACK OF COOPERATION FROM PRIs LACK OF COORDINATION LACK OF CORDINATION AND INFORMATION LACK OF PROPER PLANNING Best Practices Initiative at local level Approach - derived not imposed People s participation Emphasis on sustainability and natural resource management Simultaneity of works Creation of social assets Social safety net Involvement of SHGs in extension works Socio-economic Inclusiveness Resource mobilization 15

16 Model Convergence Khaprabar village under T. Gobindpur Panchayat Tribal Village consisting of 20 households Major Occupation: Cultivation Forest collection Convergence Initiative: Fish Pond, Irrigation, Plantation, Horticulture Model Convergence Fish Pond 16

17 Model Convergence Paddy Field and Fruit Bearing Trees Good Practices & Innovations 34 Banaskanttha District Infrastructure Development: Open/close drainage line Stone pitching in pond (On going) Livelihood: Horticulture through waste water management 17

18 Banaskantha village Meetha 35 Asset/s Created: Horticulture and Seasonal Vegetable Plantation Immediate Benefits: Employment generation Asset Durability: Very high Possible Impact: Livelihood enhancement, Promotion of recycling technology and wasteland development The farmers can easily earn Rs per month Dang village Shamgatan 36 Convergence Activity: Bhagat Udyan Convergence Dept.: Forest Asset/s Created: Plantations of Indigenous Medicines Immediate Benefits: Assured employment for the poor, assured wages, recycling of resources Asset Durability: Very high Possible Impact: Livelihood enhancement, Promotion and conservation of indigenous medicines and practices 18

19 Replicable Success Stories/Good Practices Plantation in Chaukati Village Plantation at Nakati Hills A Privately Owned Nursery under NREGA in village Kayethapara 19

20 Water Conservation Tank in Srijangram Development Block Construction of earthen bundhand palliative measures at eroded portion at Char area Construction of bundh from Champa bridge to Baghmaravillage with cross drainage 20

21 Plantation of Banana in Alukhanda Village Pineapple Plantation in Mulagaon GP Kerala, Mammalpuram NREGS convergence in Agriculture 282 works have been carried out with an expenditure of 97 lakh rupees. Around 600 hectares of land got benefited Agriculture works in Monitoring Blocks Block GP No of Works Area in Ha Expenditure Tirur Thalakkad ,000 Trippangode ,76,000 Ponnani Edappal ,37,000 Thavanur ,06,000 Nilambur Chungathara ,75,000 Kuttipuram Kuttipuram ,32,853 Irimbiliyam ,78,853 21

22 NREGS Convergence with Agricultural Farms NREGS involvement in Six Agricultural Farms Focus on production of quality seeds One Agricultural Farm in the Monitoring GPs In dire situation due to shortage of funds and labour Most of the land unutilized production reduced NREGS in land development activities freed technical labour for skilled work In , Rs. 2,04,461 were spent, NREGS Convergence with KVK KVK in Malappuram participated in NEW Delhi meeting of 29 th April 2009 (convergence with ICAR) DRDA-KVK meeting to train SGSY beneficiaries, technological demonstrations, skill development NREGS involvement in KVK farm s land development In , 717 persondays, 1.5 lakh rupees In , works carried out in three 22

23 NREGS-Forest Department Convergence 758 sq. kms of forest land in Malappuram District Significant Forest areas in Nilambur Blokc Two Forest Divisions Operating from Nilambur Town Vetiver plantation in Vazhikkadavu-Nadukani pass which located in Highway connecting Kerala with Tamilnadu A total of 5697 persondays and Rs. 12,41,536 were used for this project under NREGS in in the expenditure gone up to Rs. 15,70,314 Much scope to increase convergence with Forest Department Plantations & bunding: Kerala 23

24 Nursery, Bilaspur Forest Division, Chhattisgarh Water pond for orchards, Jammu & Kashmir 24

25 Dug Well, Madhya Pradesh Check Dam, Jammu & Kashmir 25

26 Conservation and Afforestation of forest area: Water, Fodder, Water Tank and Nursery Gujarat After restoration Water Conservation Tank, Andhra Pradesh 26