ALBUM- POST HARVEST DISEASES OF FRUIT

Transcription

1 ALBUM- S OF FRUIT Associate Prof. & Head, Botany Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for Women, Aurangabad (MS ) Dr. Syed Zafar Javeed (Environmental Science) Safety Manager ENOC, Fujairah, UAE ABSTRACT In India actual availability of fruits and vegetables in the market goes down by 35% to 40% due to post harvest losses (Sumia Fatima et. al, 2006). Different types of fungal forms are found to be associated and responsible for post-harvest diseases of fruits during storage. Droby, (2006) reported that about 20-25% of the harvested fruits are lost via the activities of pathogens during post harvest chain. The infected fruits were collected from fruit market of Marathwada region and brought to the laboratory for further study. Post harvest fungi isolated and purified the culture by the method given by Aneja (1986), The post harvest disease of each fruit shown in album was confirmed by Koch postulate as mentioned above. KEYWORDS Images, Post harvest diseases, Fruits. 42 SF & SZJ Impact Factor = Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR All rights reserved.

2 RESEARCH PAPER INTRODUCTION The branch of market pathology initiated due to improper, handling of harvested fruits or dormant storage organs, unfavourable environment of storehouse or go downs and mechanical injuries caused during harvest and transportation. In India actual availability of fruits and vegetables in the market goes down by 35% to 40% due to post harvest losses (Sumia Fatima et. al, 2006). These losses are not only due to lack of awareness about stages from its production to consumption but owing to high moisture content they are highly susceptible to attack by varieties of fungal pathogens. In India, 2.95 million hectare area occupied by the fruit crop (Neeta Sharma and Mashkoor Alam, 1998). Different types of fungal forms are found to be associated and responsible for post-harvest diseases of fruits during storage. Droby, (2006) reported that about 20-25% of the harvested fruits are lost via the activities of pathogens during post harvest chain. The total estimated loss comes to corers of rupees annually. According to National Horticulture Mission (NHM) ( ), the post harvest losses of fruits were up to 30-40%. The aim of preparation of ALBUM of post harvest diseases of fruits is to show the morphological symptoms of infected fruits caused by different types of post harvest fungi during storage periods. The photographs of fruits are captured at proper stage of development of infection. Material and methods Collection of fruits: The infected fruits were collected from fruit market of Marathwada region and brought to the laboratory in a separate sterile polyethylene bag.total 500 infected fruits of each type was observed and fungi were isolated for each type of post harvest fungus from respected fruit. The final results were presented in the form of digital album after confirmation of the disease. Isolation of fungus: The infected region of each type of fruit were removed with the help of sterile forceps in sterile condition and inoculated on PDA amended three petiriplates. The petiriplates were incubated at room temperature C 0. The same procedure was used for each type of fruit and each type of disease. Purification of culture: The externally grown mycoflora of strawberry isolated and purified by using single spore inoculation technique and single hyphal thread inoculation technique, proposed by Mukadam and Chavan, (1998) on freshly prepared PDA medium. The fungus was identified on the basis of external morphology of spores, mycelium. 43 SF & SZJ Impact Factor = Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR All rights reserved.

3 Pathogenecity test: The pathogenecity of isolated fungi from fruits of was tested according to Koch s postulates. The set of 3 healthy respective fruits were initially surface satirized with 0.1% HgCl2 and superficially injured with the help of sterile needle and inoculated A four mm disc of 4-5 days old growing colony of respective fungus was removed with sterile borer in sterile condition and inoculated at artificially injured region of respective fruit set of 3. The inoculated fruits were incubated at room temperature C 0. The post harvest disease of each fruit shown in album was confirmed by Koch postulate as mentioned above. It is difficult to understand the type of symptoms of post harvest diseases of different fruits in preserved condition; hence the album is useful to see the morphological features of the symptoms caused by various post harvest fungi on fruits during storage period. All the photos of the album are collected after confirmation of diseases by Kochs postulates. Post-harvest diseases of different fruits. OF MANGO (Mangifera OF MANGO (Mangifera OF MANGO (Mangifera indica) indica) indica) OF ORANGE OF ORANGE OF ORANGE 44 SF & SZJ Impact Factor = Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR All rights reserved.

4 OF STRAWBERRY OF STRAWBERRY OF STRAWBERRY OF PAPAYA OF PAPAYA OF PAPAYA OF APPLE OF APPLE OF APPLE 45 SF & SZJ Impact Factor = Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR All rights reserved.

5 OF APPLE OF APPLE OF LEMON OF AMLA OF AMLA OF AMLA OF PLUM OF PLUM OF PLUM 46 SF & SZJ Impact Factor = Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR All rights reserved.

6 OF GRAPES OF GRAPES OF GRAPES 47 SF & SZJ Impact Factor = Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR All rights reserved.

7 OF AEGLE OF PEAR OF JACKFRUIT OF BANANA OF BANANA OF BANANA OF POMMEGRANATE OF POMMEGRANATE Droby, (2006) reported that about 20-25% Sumia Fatima reported 27% loss of fruits in market of Marathwada OF POMMEGRANATE 48 SF & SZJ Impact Factor = Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR All rights reserved.

8 OF POMMEGRANATE OF POMMEGRANATE OF JUJUBE OF FIGS OF FIGS OF FIGS OF GUAVA OF GUAVA OF JAMUN (ROSE APPLE) OF JUJUBE OF DATES OF PEAR 49 SF & SZJ Impact Factor = Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR All rights reserved.

9 OF CUSTARD APPLE OF CUSTARD APPLE DISEASE OF LEMON OF PINEAPPLE OF SAPOTA OF WATERMELON OF FIGS OF CHERRY OF CHERRY Result: The album of post harvest diseases of fruits created to cheat awareness among the researchers regarding morphological features of infected fruits by pathogenic fungi and to 50 SF & SZJ Impact Factor = Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR All rights reserved.

10 promote research regarding management of post harvest diseases of fruits which is responsible for losses of millions of rupees every year. Second purpose of creating album of fruit diseases is that the preserved museum specimen of infected fruits does not show the natural symptoms of the disease. The post harvest diseases of most of the fruits available in market were collected isolated the respective pathogen and confirmed by using key proposed by Kochs postulates. REFERENCE Bagwan, N.B. (2010).Post-harvest pathogens of mango (Mangifera indica) and their effect on fruits quality, J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol.40: Bhale, U. N. (2011).Survey of market storage diseases of some important fruits of Osmanabad District (M. S.) India, Science Research Reporter 1(2):88-91, Sept ISSN: Cherian, T.T., (2005). Post harvest fungal diseases of some fruits of Kerala. B.F. Rodrigues, H.N. Gour, D. J. Bhat & N. Kamat eds. Advances in fungal diversity and host pathogen interactions. Goa University, Goa. pp Choubey, S., (2007). Phomopsis fruit rot of aonla and its management. M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, Anand Agriculture University, Anand. Gadgile, D, Kakde, R.B., Rathod, G.M., Chavan AM (2010).Post-harvest fungal diseases of some tropical fruits.biosci.disc.,1(1):7-10. Rathod, G. M.,(2010). Survey of post harvest fungal diseases of some fruits from Marathwada regions of Maharashtra, India. Jour. of Ecobiotechnology.2/6: Sumia Fatima, Avinash Ade and Zafar Javed, (2006). Post Harvest Rots of Fruits, Discovery Publication, New Delhi. 51 SF & SZJ Impact Factor = Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR All rights reserved.