APAARI: An Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in Asia Pacific. Established in 1990

Transcription

1 Reorienting Agricultural Research for Development in Asia-Pacific: The Way Ahead Raj Paroda Executive Secretary APAARI

2 APAARI: An Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in Asia Pacific Established in 1990 Dialogue on Regional and Global Issues Research Prioritization and Need Assessment Expert Consultations on Thematic Issues: Biotechnology ICT for knowledge sharing Agricultural Innovations - LFM Biofuels and Food Security Climate Change Food Security and Poverty Biofertilisers and Biopesticides Research Collaboration Through : Consortia and Networks Knowledge Sharing: Success Stories (> 40 published) Newsletter and Reports

3 APAARI: Priority Setting Initiatives NARS Vision Towards Future Challenges and opportunities, 1995 Consultation on Research Priority Setting, 1996 Agricultural Research Priorities in Asia-Pacific, 1997 Consultation on Strategies for Implementing APAARI Vision 2025, 2001 A Synthesis of Agricultural Research Priorities, 2002 Research Needs Assessment for Central and South Asia, 2004; South East Asia, 2005; and the Pacific, 2005 Regional Synthesis of Research Needs, 2006

4 The Context Asia-Pacific is a major supplier of food, accounting for: 38% of the world s arable land 90% of the world s rice, 40% of its cereals and 40% of its meat 70% of the global food and vegetable market 80% of the aquaculture market Asia feeds nearly 60% of the world s population from 1/3 rd of geographical area

5 M illio n s o f p e o p le b e lo w $ 1 -a -d a y p o v e rty lin e % CONTEXT- of the people Number of below poor rose poverty and highest line in live South in Asia Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia East Asia & Pacific Middle East & North Africa Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean

6 CONTEXT- High share Undernourishment of malnourished on the Rise throughout people the in World and Highest in Asia-Pacific Asia-Pacific m illion ns Asia and the Pacific Latin America and the Caribbean Near East and North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

7 A RECENT APAARI-ADB ADB-GFAR INITIATIVE E-Consultation among Stakeholders (About 300 participants) Sub-regional and Regional Reports South Asia South-east Asia Pacific Asia-Pacific Dr. Mruthyunjaya & Dr. P. Kumar Dr. David Raitzer Dr. Alan Quartermain Prof. R.B. Singh, Lead Consultant Face to Face Consultation (About 75 stakeholders) Bangkok Declaration

8 Feedback from e-consultation Multi-stakeholder led AR4D to focus mainly on development needs of the resource-poor smallholders Demand-driven driven AR4D that especially addresses poverty, hunger and concerns of poor producers and consumers Nutrition Security especially of women and children Maximize out scaling of innovations through effective ToT and new partnerships involving key stakeholders (especially CSOs)

9 Expert Consultation on AR4D in Asia - Pacific Pacific The Way Ahead Bangkok, October, 2009

10 Bangkok Declaration

11 Key Messages

12 Reorientation of AR4D Agenda: Clients: small farm holders, poor producers, poor consumers, women in agriculture Primary production level: (i) Ecosystems framework diversification (livestock, horticulture, fishery, agro-forestry) (ii) Integrated natural resource management - especially land and water in arid and semi-arid regions (iii) Climate change: adaptation and mitigation Holistic: food supply chain ( inputs sector primary production post harvest/ processing/ marketing markets ) Cross cutting: knowledge based, socio-economic and policy research, capacity building, participatory

13 Germplasm Improvement and Biotechnology Integrated Natural Resource Management A Holistic Farming Systems Approach

14 AR4D Agenda: To Increase Productivity Areas South Asia Southeast Asia Pacific Food staples Diversified crops/livestock Science & technology Rice, wheat, local staple cereals, pulses Horticulture, fisheries, livestock Germplasm conservation and improvement Rice Local crops: Taro, banana Vegetables, fruits, That ensure aquaculture inclusive value adding for niche markets: Genetic improvement, management of biotic & abiotic stresses Vegetables, fruits Nutritional security, value- adding Sustaining atoll livelihoods

15 AR4D Agenda: To Improve Value Chain Development Weak Links in the Chain South Asia South East Asia Pacific Infrastructure: linking farmers to markets Postharvest, agro-processing, management of ICT Safety and Quality Postharvest ICT Safety & Quality Postharvest Transport ICT Safety & Quality Networks/ Partnerships Public-private- partnerships (PPPs) South-South cooperation PPPs South-South cooperation Niche markets (domestic, foreign) Trade facilitation

16 AR4D Agenda: To Increase Resilience Areas South Asia South East Asia Pacific Climate change management Adaptation and mitigation Adaptation and mitigation Adaptation and mitigation Capacity building (modeling/foreca sting) Economic shocks Rural and non- farm jobs Risk management Resilience to market volatility Especially for atolls

17 o Not Business as Usual Innovative partnerships and networking (NARES, NGO, Private Sector, Farmers) Outscaling of innovations in a participatory mode Value chain development and management for linking farmers to market (Farmers Self Help Groups/ Associations/Cooperatives/ Companies)

18 Linking Farmers to Market Landless Farmer Forming a Cooperative Receiving Cash Payment A SUCCESS STORY Getting Technical Advise

19 Innovative Partnerships for Outscaling NARI - NARS Ministry of Agriculture Private Sector NARI Donors Extension Service IARCs Farmers NGOs

20 Empowerment of Smallholder Innovators

21 Hybrid Rice Prof. Yuan Longping (left), Father of Hybrid Rice Historical Development 1964: Research on hybrid rice started 1970: A wild rice with aborted pollen was identified 1974: First set of hybrids was developed 1976: Hybrid rice released to the farmers ~15 mha (53%) under hybrid rice gives 15 mt extra production Other countries slow in adoption.

22 Single Cross and QPM Hybrids of Maize in India In last decade, maize production almost doubled Maize productivity increased by 80 % Maize has shown fastest growth rate (around 4%) among cereals Maize production can be doubled in next decade Hybrid coverage to be increased (from current 25%)

23 Area Covered Under Bt Cotton in India (Last Seven Years) Area covere ed (Million ha) Year Area covered during 2009 : 8.2 m ha

24 Conservation Agriculture Zero till drill used over 2 m ha area in Rice-Wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains This success was achieved in last one decade Potential area: 8.0 m ha in South Asia

25 R&D Investments in Asia-Pacific Region/ Country Total spending (in million $ international) Regional Share (%) China 1,174 2, South Asia Bangladesh India 746 1, Nepal Southeast Asia NA Pakistan Sri Lanka Indonesia Laos NA Malaysia Philippines Vietnam ASTI-APAARI

26 Not Business as Usual Aggressive advocacy for increased AR4D funding in Asia-Pacific is needed : Governments to provide at least 1% of total agricultural GDP for AR4D Agriculture research for Asia-Pacific needs nearly US $30 bn/year (at current rate) Increased capital investment through public-private-cso partnership South Asia and Pacific Island Countries in particular should receive immediate attention by the donor community

27 Not Business as Usual Donor perception needs a change Must address research priority needs identified by NARES, Regional Fora and GFAR/CGIAR Eco-regional approach and to link research with development projects Stakeholders role in planning, implementation and monitoring (bottom up)

28 New Focus on AR4D will Impact Three Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): MDG-1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger MDG-7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability MDG-8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development

29 Conclusion Agriculture in Asia-Pacific will liberate the region from hunger, malnutrition and poverty and bridge the widening income divide between farmers and non-farmers. Given the declining land, water and agro- Given the declining land, water and agrobiodiversity resources and the intensifying environmental footprint, the task ahead is rather difficult, but certainly not insurmountable if we jointly move forward with new commitments to upscale and outscale innovations.

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