How to Squeeze the Most out of Your Fertilizer $ Dave Franzen, PhD Professor Soil Science NDSU Extension Soil Specialist Fargo, ND

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1 How to Squeeze the Most out of Your Fertilizer $ Dave Franzen, PhD Professor Soil Science NDSU Extension Soil Specialist Fargo, ND

2 Last year- What can I spend an extra $10 on that might make me more grain? This year- How can I cut $50 off of my expenses?

3 Start with odd products- Biologicals Expensive starter fertilizers Humic substances Foliar enhancers There is little scientific evidence that any of these are either more effective than their conventional counterparts (starters) or that they have any positive effect on yield under field conditions.

4 You can find this link at the bottom of my home page <Dave Franzen NDSU> Type in product name or product category to view research papers on these products

5 Apply only those nutrients required by the crop Just because the Zn test is low, doesn t mean that wheat or soybean need supplements of Zn Micronutrient requirements are crop-specific in our area.

6 In soybean, in IDC field areas, 2 lb/acre Soygreen or equivalent ortho-ortho FeEDDHA can increase yield. - The ortho-ortho component is important - Do not substitute Fe for good field selection - Use of an IDC intolerant variety or seeding into a high salt soil (greater than 2 mmohs/cm) will result in disaster even with Fe fertilizer Use Fe fertilizer with tolerant variety in lower salt soil.

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9 N recommendation 2014 to Eastern ND - Conventional Till - High productivity - After soybean - Organic matter 4% - Soil test 30 lb N/acre - $8 wheat - 50 cent N Recommendation 155 lb N

10 N recommendation 2014 to Eastern ND - Conventional Till - High productivity - After soybean - Organic matter 4% - Soil test 30 lb N/acre - $5 wheat - 50 cent N Recommendation 120 lb N

11 Most profitable N recommendation lb N lb N Should you plant Faller this year??? Will the increase in yield offset discount?

12 Variety Likely Bushels Likely Protein Faller $350 Glenn $400 Return $5 wheat- Discount 75cents per pt

13 Apply N in an efficient manner- Put urea in the soil Ammonia at least 4 inches deep In soils with high N loss risk, consider split application with streambars to avoid wet May/early June period. Get supplemental N on by early jointing

14 Active optical sensors have been identified as a tool to increase nitrogen-use efficiency Greenseeker (Trimble) Holland Crop Circle Sensor (Holland Scientific)

15 Yield, bu/acre Greenseeker 4-5 leaf Spring Wheat INSEY vs Yield, 2 sites 2013 y = -5E+08x 2 + 1E+06x R² = Greenseeker INSEY Crop Circle Red Edge NDVI INSEY, Spring Wheat, Flag leaf, 2 Sites/Varieties 2013 Per Cent Grain Protein y = ln(x) R² = Crop Circle Red Edge NDVI INSEY

16 An ESN blend before or at planting may also delay N release later into the season. Results from Montana and South Dakota are mixed. MT results indicate little gain from ESN over urea, but they are in a dry environment. South Dakota results showed increase in grain protein with use of ESN.

17 Finney et al., 1957, Agronomy Journal

18 Finney et al., 1957, Agronomy Journal

19 Protein response of post-anthesis N-Pact application, 3 gal/acre. Valley City, 2008

20 2009 Carrington, ave. 2 sites, post-anthesis application for protein enhancement. Schatz Irr Faller Lebsock average 13 untreated check 10 gal UAN 12 gal Coron 2 gal Coron Faller yields over 100 bu/acre Slide courtesy of Greg Endres, NDSU, Carrington REC

21 Wheat yield increase from broadcast or Banded P. Average of six sites, Zubriski, P 2 O 5 applied, lb/a Banded with seed Broadcast

22 Banded P vs Broadcast in Wheat, Rasc, MB Rate of P 2 O 5, lb/a 25 banded 25 broadcast 50 banded 50 broadcast Wheat yield, bu/a Most studies resulted in about 10% yield increase with banded over broadcast for wheat

23 Soybean response to broadcast vs banded P. G. Rehm, Nebraska. Ave of 3 site-years. Placement method P 2 O 5, lb/a Broadcast 2 X 2 Band Yield, bu/a

24 Sulfur? Sulfur deficiency has been common in many soils the last couple years and the frequency of problems is increasing. Especially important for wheat but not so much for soybean.

25 Carrington, 2014 (Teboh and Zilahi-Sebess) Wheat response to S Sulfur rate, lb/acre Yield, bu/acre Protein, % $ Return- $69.60 net

26 - Avoid products of questionable need - Apply P for wheat in band - Broadcast P for soybean - Plant soybean in suitable soils - Avoid kitchen table calculator agronomy - Apply N to wheat based on N calculator - Use a high efficiency N application method - Plant a higher protein wheat variety - Consider S for wheat - Don t fall asleep if conditions for loss occur- be ready to supplement N/S