High Rainfall Canola Production Strategies

Transcription

1 Breakout Session I High Rainfall Canola Production Strategies Sponsored by

2 Canola Production Strategies: High Rainfall Region Heath Sanders Canola Field Specialist Great Plains Canola Association January 21,

3 GPCA States 3

4 Challenges Winter Wheat Grown every year for generations Farmers were reluctant to change Very little if any crop rotation Dual Purpose Weed infestations Low profit per acre with 20 to 60 bu/a yields. Weather

5 Extremes

6 Canola Extremes 2013 April 10,

7 Why Canola? Weed management Broadleaf crop More herbicide options ALS Resistance issues Profitability Rotation benefits Disease and insect cycles Wheat improvement Quality Quantity Market demand for healthy oil

8 Canola Discussion Seedbed-Prep Planting Fertility Herbicide Insects Harvesting 8

9 Field Selection Take a soil sample and get a soil test!!!!!!!!! N, P, K, and S Save money and time Soil Grid Sampling A soil ph between 6.0 and 7.0 is optimal. Yields maybe reduced by ph below 5.5. Varieties with ph tolerance Grows best in medium-textured well drained soils, but producers are growing in a wide range of soils. Herbicide History - Sulfonylurea SURT varieties (SU. Residual Tolerance) Sumner 9

10 Seedbed Preparation Apply pre-plant fertilizer before final tillage operation Need a firm seedbed Stale seedbed Rollers (packers) No-till Residue management! Canola likes a clean row or furrow! 10

11 Residue Management 11

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13 Wheat Straw Residue 13

14 30 Canola Spacing 14

15 Burning Residue 15

16 Best Planting Equipment? Older equipment - use rapeseed setting. Operators manual! Slow Down Kits Operators manual! lbs/ac 0.5 to 1.5 planting depth Control planting depth to 0.5 to Row Spacing? 0-30 inch Slow Down!!! 16

17 Stand Establishment MPH Plants/ft 2 % of 5 MPH Slow down!! Source: Boyles, Oklahoma State University 17

18 Fertility Nitrogen: 2.5 lbs N/bu Best to apply in fall and spring 5lbs of N/100lbs P and K: Same as wheat Banding in Furrow P Sulfur: lb/a If elemental put down in fall Ammonium Sulfate (fertilizer grade) Ammonium Thiophosphate (liquid fertilizer) Micronutrients: Boron: soil sample tissue sampling available 18

19 Adequate Fertility is needed N-Rich Strips Fertility Response Influence of Fertility

20 Weed Control Grasses Assure II (quizalofop) Select (clethodim) Broadleaves Stinger (clopyralid) Grasses and Broadleaves Roundup (glyphosate) Treflan (trifluralin) applied PPI Clearfield (imidazolinone) Make sure grass herbicides are applied before bolting Use labeled rates 20

21 Timing of Weed Control Spray early 4 to 6 weeks after planting. Source: Oklahoma State University 21

22 Spray Weeds Early! Early Spray Late Spray 22

23 Spray Early 23

24 Insecticide Treatments Seed Treatments Acceleron (DeKalb Varieties and Sumner) Helix XTra (Croplan Varieties) Both are high powered insecticides and work very well Eliminates early aphid pressure through the fall Post Emerge Treatments Synthetic Pyrethoid Methyl Parathion New Products? Prevathon, Transform, and Beleaf 24

25 Diamondback Moth Larvae Color is pale green, and is slightly tapered at each end Wiggle rapidly when disturbed Feed on all parts of the plant, preferring undersides of older leaves 25

26 Army Cutworms Threshold: 1-2 per foot of row Royer and Giles; Oklahoma State University 26

27 The 3 Aphids in Canola Turnip Aphid Fall to early spring 2. Green Peach Aphid Fall to late spring 3. Cabbage Aphid Late spring to seed formation

28 Aphid Pressure Turnip and Green Peach Look under the leaves Look for Hot Spots 28

29 Insecticide Applications Coverage is Key! The more carrier volume the better Herbicide + Insecticide Fertilizer+ Insecticide Do not mix all three and spray. Prefer ground machines, better coverage 29

30 Harvest Management Push? Swath? Straight Cut? Apply a desiccant? What method of harvesting works best for your operation? Preference 30

31 Pushing Lodges crop forward and closer to the ground Protects from wind Dries naturally Need height and thick crop for successful pushing Pods keep the crop down Push earlier than swath and more acres in a day 31

32 Harvesting Pushed Canola Harvest in opposite direction it was pushed 2-3 weeks after pushed Evens maturity 2-3 mph, 30ft swath s Harvest more of plant What about header sizes? 32

33 Swathing Plants should be swathed when 40-60% seed color change occurs on the main raceme Must use draper header Packer or Roller is preferred The swath is placed on stubble for approx. 5-7 days or until the seed moisture is below 10%. Evens maturity faster Time management Swathing direction 33

34 Picking-up Swath 34

35 Desiccants Reglone/Diquat Generic Diquat by Nufarm pts/ac Surfactant 15 gpa by ground and 5 by air 7 day Pre-harvest Interval Do I want to spray all my acres on the same day? 35

36 Direct Harvesting Must harvest when ready or moisture below 10% Will still have some green pods Stalks are green, canola is dry Un-even maturity Most risky Performs well when crop conditions are good and even 36

37 Summary Canola requires more management than wheat Plan ahead! Get a Soil Test! Pay attention to the details Be committed Have a Harvesting Plan! Plan B Time Management! Growing winter canola has resulted in better wheat farmers 37

38 Questions 38