Soybean Technology Uptake, Constraints and Intrahousehold Dynamics

Transcription

1 Soybean Technology Uptake, Constraints and Intrahousehold Dynamics MRA 8 Team Jill L. Findeis Nina Furstenau David O Brien Fabio Chaddad Chris Fulcher / CARES Fridah Mubichi IIAM Mozambique Maria da Luz Quinhentos Anacleta Mugabe Magalhaes Miguel

2 The Challenge FAO Workshop S Plenary speaker: Michael Lipton: Poverty Research Unity, University of Sussex; All Souls College, Oxford; IFPRI, Washington, DC. - How do women farmers behave? What do women farmers prefer? What do women farmers THINK? - Discussion on the inevitability that as a farm enterprise is/becomes more profitable, male farmers will take over.

3 Village sites, Mozambique Manica Province Chimoio, IIAM Sussundenga Station, 3 villages Zambezia Province 3 villages Tete Province (Angonia) 3 villages Niassa/Nyassa Province 2 villages (Lichinga) Chokwe Station; Nampula IIAM/IITA

4 Village sites Google Earth images of Villages 7, 8 & 9, Northeast Mozambique Survey strategy - random sample - landscape & quadrant maps - male and female surveyed, separately - female enumerator interviews female - male enumerator interviews male

5 Work WEAI+ Mozambique baseline results Compare to baseline survey conducted in 2 villages in each of 4 regions Soy Uptake and Network Survey (panel data) Network Pilot Mubichi and O Brien Community Commons Platform / Mapping Training - NARS support Tasty Mozambique!

6 WEAI+ Demographics Reported ages of all household members in surveyed households Based on survey data from Mozambique WEAI Density of respondents across age group Reported age of household members Density kdensity cb Age (years) Male (n=412) Female (n=471) Total (n=883) % 21.91% 18.07%

7 More Demographics Respondent s highest level of education < primary school primary school secondary school college, vocational, technical Male Female Male Female Speaks Portuguese 66.26% 38.30% Writes Portuguese

8 Language spoken at home Central Chimanhica 25.95% F, 20.89% M Chute 56.33% F, 59.49% M Shona 16.46% F, 17.72% M Northeast Lomue 65.91% F, 70.87% M Macua 33.33% F, 29.13% M Northwest Chechewa 91.80% F, 30.51% M Lomue 0 F, 22.03% M Chute 0 F, 22.76% M Macua 0 F, 8.96% M Chimanica 0 F, 7.99% M

9 Hunger scale, Mozambique How often HH didn't have food in past 4 weeks Central (n=316) Northeast - (n=258) Northwest - (n=274) Never times times times Total

10 Access to productive assets Form of ownership Joint ownership Self ownership Spouse ownership Female Male 68% 70% Decision to sell agricultural land for farming? 2/3 make decision jointly

11 Access to credit lending sources (12 mo.) Males Females

12 Access to seed (ever received) Alternative sources M- Niassa Village friends & neighbors M-Tete M- Zambezia F-N F-T F-Z Outside friends Relatives all Relatives village Traders / in market

13 Free? Purchased improved seed? FREE SEED? NGO F = 10%, M = 15% Ag Extension Agent F = 15%, M = 20% NGO Seed company Aggregator Local market Farmer's association Friend - urban Friends - another village Friend - village Relative - urban Relative - other village Relative - village Male Female

14 Agricultural extension experience % last year 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Female Male Yes No Seed were distributed by agents to both men and women. N=861 Females Males Total Not comfortable at all Great difficulty Little difficulty Fairly difficult Very comfortable 19.91% 2.94% 13.36%

15 Access to soybean seed Survey questions on access to soybeans Have you yourself grown soybean? Would you have to be shown how to grow before trying soybean? Would you have to see others grow soybean successfully before trying it? Does any group give out free soybean seed locally? Do you know where to buy soybean seed that grows well in your area? Do you know where to buy bean seed that grows well in your area? Male Female Yes No Yes No 47% 53% 46% 54%

16 Regional variations in female labor allocation to soybean field prep 60 Female Field preparation for soy Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Central Northeast Northwest

17 Regional variations in male labor allocation to soybean field prep Male Field preparation for soy Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Central Northeast Northwest

18 Regional variations in female labor allocation to soybean planting Female Soy planting Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Central Northeast Northwest

19 Regional variations in male labor allocation to planting soybeans Male Soy planting Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Central Northeast Northwest

20 Percent of males receiving income - by month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Soybean Maize Other legumes Other crops

21 Decision-making in food crop farming How much input did you have in making decisions in food crop farming Male Female Total No input 0.74% 2.83% 1.84% Few decisions Some decisions Most decisions All decisions No decision made Total

22 Challenge: Presence and effects of shocks - During the first quarter of 2015, excessive rains caused substantial damages and displacements of populations in the Central and Northern Provinces of Mozambique, namely Zambézia, Tete, Nampula. -. the Central provinces of Sofala and Manica and the Southern provinces experience persistent lack of rain at the most critical period of the agriculture season causing extensive crop failure. (World Food Program, 2015)

23 Challenge 2 - Few inputs 94 Male (% no) Female (% no) - 3 of 4 farmers using inoculum received from Extension Inoculum?P fertilizer?

24 Challenge 2 - Few inputs 94 Male (% no) Female (% no) - 3 of 4 farmers using inoculum received from Extension Inoculum?P fertilizer?

25 Current work Development of Soy Uptake and Network Survey (SUNS) Wave I Michael Lipton Decision to use Nexus system / Qualtrics October 2015 interviews and testing of Nexus system Network Pilot Picture 12: first image shows tethering of tablet with a hotspot created using Vodacom cell service. Following image illustrates Vodacom and MCel sim cards sizes. Last image shows MCel sim card and Movitel stick (internet adopter)

26 Current work Community Commons Platform - CARES Community Commons App

27 Current work March 2015 focus groups / AdZou campaign design Strength that Grows The Food Project (Tasty Mozambique!)

28 Thank you.

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30 SOY