Portuguese landraces: on farm conservation, management and use

Transcription

1 Portuguese landraces: on farm conservation, management and use Barata, A.M., Reis, A., Rocha, F., Lopes, V.R., Bettencourt, E., Miranda, J., Dantas, J.C., Pinto-Carnide Carnide, O., Matos, M. and Carnide, Symposium Towards the establishment t of genetic reserve for crop wild relatives and landraces in Europe Funchal 14 de Setembro 2010

2 Melgaço Lamas de Mouro Parada do Monte Castro Laboreiro Ente Ambos-os-Rios Soajo Arcos de Valdevez Britelo Lindoso Ermida Ponte da Barca Germil Terras de Bouro Covide Campo do Gerês Vilar de Veiga Pitões das Junias Cabril Outeiro Covelães Tourém Sezelhe Montalegre Rio Caldo Project Territory Peneda Gerês National Park

3 Project Approach In situ PNPG CIBIO - FCUP Mountain Area INIA and BPGV UTAD ESAPL ARDAL On farm Villages and Agriculture

4 The agricultural landscape of Northwestern Portugal is characterized by a pattern small and fragmented farms produce mainly for self consumption based on traditional agricultural practices

5 For more than three decades (1977) Portuguese Genebank the Collecting Documenting Characterizing Conserving the diversity of crops and wild relatives, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants included, traditionally used in Portugal

6 The Portuguese Genebank preserves a total accessions Zea mays L acc Secale cereale L. 258 acc Phaseolus vulgaris L acc

7 With the threats to crop diversity Genetic erosion Pollution Climate change Complementary Conservation Methodologies became more important GENEBANKS On farm and in situ Conservation

8 Seven Institutions PNPG - Parque Nacional da Peneda Gerês CIBIO FCUP Centro Investigação Biodiversidade Universidade do Porto INIA - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária BPGV Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal UTAD Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro ESAPL Escola Superior Agrária de Ponte de Lima ARDAL - Associação Regional de Desenvolvimento do Alto Lima (ARDAL) A wide range of expertise Gathered to study the conservation of Bioversity in this Agro-Ecosystems

9 The three studied species are threatened by collection, among other factors These species have different ecologies, so it was possible to work on different natural ecosystems. Rare and endemic species in the Noreste of the Iberian Península protected by Anexe B-IV do DL 49/05 Iris boissieri Henriq. Melittis melissophyllum L.

10 Endengered and rare species from the North of Iberian Peninsula Proteceted by Anexe B-II e B-IV DL 49/05 Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. subsp. nobilis

11 For the three target species Species distribution Understand the biology and ecology of each species Evalution of the populations Identify the most important threats Melittis melissophyllum L. Non protected but threatened species Due to overcollecting Medicinal Use

12 Objectives Develop new strategies and methodologies for the conservation of wild and crop species To encourage local farmers to become involved in a participatory manner in landrace conservation To evaluate the potential genetic erosion Re collection Morphological characterization Molecular characterization

13 Methods I. Accession inventory in the Portuguese collections for the PNPG territory and for the three target species: Maize (Zea mays L.) Rye ( Secale cereale L.) Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) II. Collecting missions in the same localities and farmers, when possible, thatt were done for the period

14 III. Ex situ conservation and documentation of these new collected accessions IV. Morphological characterization of the genetic material V. Molecular characterization of the genetic material i i maize accessions 45 bean accessions 30 rye accessions

15 IV. Follow the bread production cycle Bread Recipes survey 14 people 6 localities Chimicali analysis of bread constituents Consumer inquiry willingness to pay

16 Melgaço Lamas de Mouro Parada do Monte Castro Laboreiro Arcos de Valdevez Britelo Ente Ambos-os-Rios Ponte da Barca Germil Soajo Covide Lindoso Outeiro Ermida Campo do Gerês Terras de Bouro Vilar de Veiga Pitões das Junias Cabril Covelães Tourém Sezelhe Montalegre Rio Caldo Collecting sites by species Brassica oleracea L. Brassica rapa L. Cucurbita pepo L. Phaseolus coccineus L. Phaseolus vulgaris L. Pisum sativum L. Secale cereale L. Triticum aestivum L. Vicia faba L. Vigna unguiculata L. Zea mays L. PNPG

17 Nº accessions collected by species during two periods Species Phaseolus vulgaris L Secale cereale L Zea mays L Total

18 Site and farmers re-visiting strategy Additional farmers visited in Still growing traditional varieties 37 Total number of farmers where germplasm was collected Identified by name and revisited in Not identified by name 35 Dead, but descendants still growing traditional varieties 4 No longer growing traditional varieties 3

19 Nº of samples collected, by species and by collecting mission, in the area of the PNPG, covering the counties of Arcos de Valdevez, Melgaço, Montalegre, Ponte da Barca and Terras de Bouro and respective Simpson s Diversityit Index Counties P. vulgaris S. cereale Z. mays Arcos de Valdevez Melgaço Montalegre Ponte da Barca Terras de Bouro Total SDI SDI (Simpson s Diversity Index)

20 A similar number of samples were collected in When compared to the first period For Beans there has been slight increase, due to a more even distribution of collected samples among counties For Maize, althought the number of samples collected was smaller in the second period the Diversityit Index was not significantly different, suggesting a similar pattern of samples among counties. For Rye there is significant decrease in diversity, despite the large number of samples collected. We could not find it in seven places.

21 Results Colour differences Wings colour distribution < Seed colour distribution <

22 Differences in the the vegetative cycle

23 Results Cluster analysis of 45 populations calculated with UPGMA clustering procedures ( Cophenetic correlation coefficient = 0,89)

24 The analysis of the cluster shows no differences between the material preserved ex situ and the material preserved on-farm. While the bean is an autogamic species and therefore with less risk of contamination by the introduction of new varieties, there is clearly a danger of replacing the traditional varieties Increasing population age and abandon of land endangers the maintenance of the local landraces in the Region.

25 ARDAL Recuperation of the Traditional watermill

26 ARDAL Recuperation of the traditional oven

27 ARDAL Bread cycle

28 ARDAL Comercial valorization of the products

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32 Thank you very much for your kind attention