IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Cover Sheet

Transcription

1 a.pdf IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Cover Sheet Researcher(s) James LaMondia Affiliation: Connecticut Agricultural Experiment St 153 Cook Hill Road P.O. Box 248 Windsor CT PhoneNumber: Trial: 2016 CT ProjectTitle: Nematode Efficacy Protocol #: PR# Research Target Crop/Plant Product EPA Reg. # Production Site Status Aphelenchoides fragariae Aphelenchoides fragariae TBD TBD ESP 715 Fluopyram - Bayer Greenhouse C

2 p 1 Protocol #: PRnumbers: Narrative Summary (Results/Discussion) Please keep text to one page if possible. Include summary of trial results and a brief discussion including how any changes from the protocol may have affected results. Results for multiple PRnumbers can be summarized together, but please list all PRNumbers in the header and in the summary data table. None of the treatments applied resulted in any visible phytotoxicity symptoms to the foliage of Salvia greggii at any time. All inoculated plants exhibited symptoms typical of leaf infection of Salvia by foliar nematodes, consisting of discrete discolored areas between veins. Initial Aphelenchoides fragariae nematode populations in the first samples taken were lowest of the six sample dates, and populations were highest for the third week. One of the difficulties encountered in working with this nematode is that they may be very clumped in distribution in the foliage, as populations depend on initial infection success, usually through stomates, and may be quite high in one leaf and non-existent in an adjacent leaf, or even in a different part of the same leaf. Inoculating nematodes to every leaf at the start of the experiment greatly reduced variation. Data was analyzed with the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis one-way Analysis of Variance test and means were separated with the Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison Z-test. Numbers of A. fragariae recovered were relatively high throughout the duration of the experiment and there were no significant differences between treatments. Foliar nematode populations increased after inoculation; average nematode numbers per leaf were 3.9, 158.8, 182.2, 94.6, 68.6, and 59.8 over sample dates 1 to 6, respectively. Significant differences were observed between sample dates, with sample dates 2 and 3 different from 1, 5 and 6 (P = 0.001). Results Table Please insert results table here. Include PRnumbers for each treatment if multiple PRnumbers are included in this summary. Please include product, active ingredient, and statistics. Aphelenchoides fragariae recovery * Treatment and rate per 100 gal ** Nematodes per leaf Nematodes per pot Untreated Control (water only) a*** a ESP fl oz a a ESP fl oz a a ESP fl oz a a ESP fl oz a a Significance (P =) 0.79 ns 0.75 ns * Aphelenchoides fragariae populations determined from mean number of nematodes per leaf for sample dates 1 to 6 and for the total of all expanded leaves per pot. ** Treatments were applied on 14 October 2016 ***Column numbers followed by the same letter are not significantly different at as determined by the Kruskal-Wallis one-way AOV (P 0.10) and the multiple comparison Z-test.

3 p 2 Protocol #: PRnumbers: Materials & Methods/Recordkeeping Please fill out the information below or attach a separate document with comparable information. Name(s) of Personnel Conducting Research: James LaMondia, Jane Canepa-Morrison Location of Trial (city/state): Windsor, CT Use Site (greenhouse/shadehouse/field container/etc): greenhouse, CAES Valley Laboratory research farm Crop History Crop Cultivar/Variety: Salvia greggii 'Raspberry Royale' Date of Seeding: Cuttings rooted 21 July Date of Emergence: Date of Transplanting: 15 September 2016 Potting Mix: Sunshine #3 Pot size & spacing: 110-mm square plastic pots containing 500 cm3 potting mix Row spacing: Product(s) applied prior to start of experiment: Product Rate Application Type Date of Application Crop Growth Stage Application Volume Add more rows as needed.

4 p 3 Protocol #: PRnumbers: Experiment Information Experimental Design: Number of Reps: Materials & Methods: Insert materials & methods here only if information is not presented elsewhere. Include any changes from protocol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory in Windsor, CT with the objective to determine efficacy of new active ingredient formulations for managing nematodes on foliage of ornamental plants. The product evaluated was Bayer ESP 715 at rates of 0; 2.25; 4.25; 8.5; and 17.1 fluid ounces per 100 gallons. Applications were made to four plants of Salvia greggii 'Raspberry Royale' growing in 110-mm square plastic pots containing 500 cm 3 Sunshine #3 potting mix. On 5 October, plants in twenty-five pots were inoculated with Aphelenchoides fragariae by adding a drop of a nematode suspension (approximately 50 nematodes per drop) to pre-wet leaves (every leaf of every plant) in an attempt to establish uniform nematode distribution in the foliage. Nematode inoculum was obtained by overnight extraction of foliar nematodes from naturally infected Salvia and Anemone plants grown in the greenhouse. After inoculation, plants were covered with a wire frame and white plastic to create a high humidity chamber for 24 hours to facilitate nematode infection. On 14 October, 2016, treatments were applied curatively to the foliage of five replicate pots, each containing four plants. The plants were sprayed until run-off with appropriate treatments, or a water control, using a Solo backpack sprayer. The sprays were applied under cool, cloudy conditions. Salvia leaves were arbitrarily sampled regardless of symptom development from each plant on 19 or 20 October, 26 or 27 October, 3 or 4 November, 17 or 18 November, 29 or 30 November, and 7 or 8 December Two leaves were taken at the first sample period, five leaves per pot for samples 2 to 5, and all remaining expanded leaves were removed and nematodes extracted for foliar nematodes at the last sample date 7 to 8 December to determine nematode populations. Numbers of leaves extracted per pot over the six sample dates ranged from 29 to 38 and averaged Extraction was done by tearing leaves into approximately 1-cm 2 pieces and floating them overnight in water in pie pans before sieving with a #80 sieve nested over a #400 sieve and counting the A. fragariae recovered. All expanded foliage was sampled over the course of the experiment. Data was analyzed as nematodes recovered per sampled leaf at each sample date and total number of foliar nematodes recovered from each pot. Application Equipment: Solo backpack sprayer to runoff Product(s) applied during experiment (including treatments, fertilizers, etc): Product Rate(s) Application Type Date of Application Crop Growth Stage UTC (water) 0 Foliar spray 14 October, ESP oz/100gal Foliar spray 14 October, ESP oz/100gal Foliar spray 14 October, ESP oz/100gal Foliar spray 14 October, ESP oz/100gal Foliar spray 14 October, Application Volume Add more rows as needed. Photos Please embed photos here or send jpg, tiff, or bmp. Sent separately Data Collected Please describe data collected and scoring system. Also include the dates data were collected. Data were the number of nematodes (Aphelenchoides fragariae) recovered over 6 dates per leaf and per pot.

5 p 4 Protocol #: PRnumbers: Raw Data Insert raw data below or send separate file containing raw data. File sent separately

6 p 5 Protocol #: PRnumbers: Environmental conditions during the experiment: Insert temperature, precipitation and/or irrigation, and relative humidity with a minimum of high, low and average daily temperatures. Or send separate file with this information. Include a statement about any significant weather or environmental events during the course of the experiment.

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