Current DLDD issues and the need for Sustainable Land Management (SLM)

Transcription

1 11/Jul/ :00-10:20 Preparatory Meeting for TICAD VI Nairobi, Kenya Current DLDD issues and the need for Sustainable Land Management (SLM) 1. Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought 2. UNCCD: UN Convention to Combat Desertification 3. SLM: technologies and approaches 4. SATREPS project in Ethiopia Prof. Atsushi Tsunekawa Arid Land Research Center Tottori University 1

2 Global Overview of Land Degradation Problem Desertification: Land degradation in dryland 2

3 UNCCD UNCCD is a Rio Convention: UNFCCC, CBD, UNCCD The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is the only multilateral environmental agreement addressing land issues Governing bodies: Institutions: COP (every 2 years) CRIC (every year) CST (every 2 years + special sessions) Secretariat Global Mechanism 193 country Parties and one regional integration organization (EU), among which 150 affected countries Two obligations: Establish and implement NAP Report regularly to the COP 3

4 Transitioning from the MDGs to the Post-2015 Development Agenda SDGs and Land-Degradation Neutral World At the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit on 25 September 2015, more than 150 world leaders adopted the new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Goal 15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world 4

5 Sustainable Land Management (SLM) SLM is defined as a knowledgebased combination of technologies, policies and practices that integrate land, water, biodiversity, and environmental concerns. SLM technology SLM approach Source: Liniger HP, Mekdaschi Studer R, Hauert C, Gurtner M. (2011) Sustainable Land Management in Practice Guidelines and Best Practices for Sub-Saharan Africa. TerrAfrica, 5 WOCAT and FAO.

6 For cropland SLM Technologies residue retention and mulching growing cover crops using manure and compost adopting complex rotations For pastoral land reducing stocking rates through conservative grazing adopting controlled grazing establishing forage trees, along with grasses and legumes For plantation and forestry land uses enhancing resilience against drought supplemental irrigation using brackish water, especially for growing halophytes Source: UNCCD Secretariat (2012): Zero Net Land Degradation To secure the contribution of our planet s land and soil to sustainable 6 development, including food security and poverty eradication

7 SLM Approaches A SLM Approach defines the ways and means used to promote and implement a SLM Technology and to support it in achieving better and more widespread SLM. Evolution of SLM approaches from Top-down interventions to Farmer first approach Trans-disciplinary approach Source: Liniger HP, Mekdaschi Studer R, Hauert C, Gurtner M Sustainable Land Management in Practice Guidelines and Best Practices for Sub-Saharan Africa. TerrAfrica, WOCAT and FAO. 7

8 Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) International joint researches on global issues, among research institutions in developing countries and Japan are promoted by MOFA/JICA and MEXT/JST in collaboration. The objectives are elaboration of outcome to lead to problem solving and capacity building of institutions in developing countries. MEXT/JST Support collaboration MOFA/JICA Technical Cooperation International joint research Research institutions in Japan Research Partnership Research institutions in developing countries MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology MOFA: Ministry of Foreign Affairs JST: Japan Science and Technology Agency JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency

9 Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia Severe water erosion 9

10 Onsite Soil erosion problems Soil and water conservation measures Land destruction by gully Decrease in soil fertility by sheet erosion Offsite Stone bund and trench Sediment discharge to rivers, water pollution Declined dam function by sedimentation Gabion for gully 10

11 A research project supported by JSPS 3 watersheds Discharge measurement Paired watershed approach Plot experiment 6m x 30m plot with pool to measure rainfall 11 and sediment for every rainfall event

12 Preliminary results Effects of soil & water conservation Compulsory participation of farmers, unpaid work 5% slope 15% slope About 50 % of surface runoff and soil erosion reduced by the measures How to introduce SLM? Poverty, social gap 12

13 Main purpose Features of the next generation SLM Form of farmers participation Problems and issues Current SLM Reduction of soil erosion In most of the cases, legally forced participation and unpaid work Lack of sustainability and autonomy Next generation SLM In addition to reduction of soil erosion, improving land productivity, improving livelihood, economic and social empowerment Voluntary participation of farmers through economic incentives Developing elemental technology (SLM technology) and methods for upscaling it (SLM approach) 13

14 SLM Approach Microfinance/Microcredit The Microfinance Team's information session to the first group of women at la Casona. Source: Caminante Microfinance Project in Dominican Republic 14

15 SLM Approach Farmer Education and Agricultural Extension 15

16 Conclusions 1. SLM is a tool to restore degraded land, and to achieve Land Degradation Neutral World. 2. Sharing knowledge (e.g. good practices)will strengthen the region against desertification and climate change 3. The next-generation SLM farmers-first: farmers' benefit comprehensive: link restoration of land and improvement of livelihood 16

17 Thank you for your attention! 17