CLASS 2: THE BRIEF (GLOBAL) HISTORY OF THE UN- SUSTAINABILITY

Transcription

1 TU103: LIFE AND SUSTAINABILITY CLASS 2: THE BRIEF (GLOBAL) HISTORY OF THE UN- SUSTAINABILITY Nuttavikhom Phanthuwongpakdee

2 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UN- SUSTAINABILITY Our economic development model(s) Throughout the centuries, mankind has tried to improve his own quality of life, many times at the expense of others and the environment. Factors that contribute to economic development approaches include technological advancement as well improvement in development perspectives.

3 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UN- SUSTAINABILITY Since 14 th Century Agrarian Capitalism 16 th 18 th Century Mercantilism 1760s Industrial Revolution Green Revolution 1990s-Now Globalization, Financial and Trade Liberalization

4 AGRARIAN CAPITALISM Crisis of the 14 th Century Conflicts between the land-owning aristocracy and the agricultural producers (serfs) Dismantlement of Feudalism and the rise of marketbased capitalism

5 MERCANTILISM (16TH- 17TH CENTURY)

6 MERCANTILISM (16 TH -17 TH CENTURY)

7 MERCANTILISM (16 TH -17 TH CENTURY) The world before the Industrial Revolution Mercantilism period left behind conflicts, inequalities and social problems in several postcolonial countries, especially in the Middle East and Africa.

8 MERCANTILISM (16 TH -17 TH CENTURY) David Hume and Adam Smith argued against Mercantilism.

9 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1760S) Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes from 1760s to around 1840s. Scientific Progress Steam engine by James Watt

10 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1760S) Steam engine transformed and increased the capacity of manufacturing process especially in textile industry, and transportation. The invention of steam engine induced progress in technologies of other industries connected to the one powered by the engine. Waves of technological progress followed.

11 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1760S) Coal was widespread before the industrial revolution due to the shortage of charcoal, made from woods. With industrial revolution, the use of coal as fuel increased dramatically. This is the time when the atmospheric carbon concentration started to increase by human economic activities.

12 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

13 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

14 GREEN REVOLUTION ( ) Before Green Revolution Malthusian theory of population How to improve livelihood of rural people? Green revolution is the increase in crop production in developing countries, by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, high- yield varieties, new farming and irrigation techniques Green Revolution has both positive and negative impacts! Establishment of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT*) *Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo

15 GREEN REVOLUTION ( ) Positive Impacts Higher agricultural production Food security Better livelihood of farmers Basis for non-farm economic activities.

16 GREEN REVOLUTION ( ) Negative Impacts Too dependent on chemicals in food production (e.g. pesticides and chemical fertilizers). Intensive use of natural resources, especially soil and water. It also contributes to deforestation. Decrease biodiversity and degrade ecosystem Health risks for farmers and consumers.

17 GLOBALIZATION, FINANCIAL AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION Connected World! Economic Globalization In 1990s

18 GLOBALIZATION, FINANCIAL AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION Globalization is an old concept

19 GLOBALIZATION, FINANCIAL AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION Positive Impacts Increase economic opportunities for developing countries. Lifting the millions of the poor out of poverty. Economic efficiency from comparative advantage Spreading the norms of human rights, democracy, and global citizenship.

20 GLOBALIZATION, FINANCIAL AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION Negative Impacts Worsen the inequality problem Benefit the foreign corporations and migrants and hurt local enterprises and labors. Change local culture and way of life / Bad cultural influences. Magnify and expand the impact of economic and financial crises since the world is connected.