SOLVE THE FOOD PROBLEM BY THE INSECT!?

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1 SOLVE THE FOOD PROBLEM BY THE INSECT!? The world in 2050 The world's population in 2050, according to the prediction of the UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund), will be 9 billion people. Due to the population growth, the needs of food are increasing. We expect, (according to the report of the FAO (UN Food and Agriculture Organization) a consumption of food that will increase by about 30 percent in the world. Mankind (Homo sapiens) birth, tens of million years ago 1: Changes in the world's population (from UNFPA) The Japanese situation is not completely different compared to the worldwide food problem brought by population growth. What kind of influence it will have in Japan? The production of food that is currently consumed in Japan is not enough domestic. It relies on the import of a number of overseas agricultural products. Japan's food self-sufficiency ratio is very low when you compare with other countries that put the effort to decrease this trend year by year. Countries are expected to give priority to domestic supply and demand and price stabilization. We believe that the food crisis that occurs in Japan could have been limited if the food import was lower. Increasing the food production in Japan could solve the problem. For example, to increase the meat that contains rich protein, you will need to feed breeding livestock. Japan will not be able to fully produce the raw material for fodder in the narrow land. Feed of livestock and generally hay, silage, coarse fodder, such as rice straw, corn, soybean, are divided into concentrated feed such as barley. Although roughage is essential for ruminants such as cattle and goats to maintain the function of the stomach, as a nutrient compared to concentrated feed protein. Japan Australia France Canada Germany Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States 2: Food self-sufficiency rate in each country (calorie basis) (from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries HP)

2 Concentrated feed, which is the main source of nutrition of livestock, is dependent on imports 86% (Fig. 3). ROUGHAGE tons è 21% Import 21% Domestic 79 % CONCENTRATED FEED tons è79% Import 86% Domestic 14% 3 : The proportion of roughage and concentrated feed (from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) The proportion of feed costs as a percentage of operating costs accounted for about half of the total cost, but as feed costs and food crisis occurs in the world, financial health of livestock farmers will get worse. 4: The proportion of feed costs as a percentage of operating costs (from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) ATTEMPTS TO INCORPORATE THE INSECTS IN EATING HABITS! Do you ever have experienced to eat insects? In Japan, from ancient times, they were culturally eating the insects. We found notes of this in the "Compendium of Material" which is the oldest drug dictionary in existence (compiled around 918 years). There is a description that shows that it has been eaten. However, in recent years, except for part of areas that became also rather small, the need of food does not bring naturally the behaviour of incorporating the insects in food habits. So, the insect is part of the alimentation for the fish? Yes, directly use the insects as feed, because relatively readily accepted could be a solution. SUPERIORITY OF THE INSECT To grow a large livestock, it requires high-quality protein. In the Dutch Wageningen University research groups FAO report, summarized in 2013, the possibility of eating insect is mentioned as a solution to the future of the food problem. Many of the insects are rich in animal protein. (Green) Protein (Orange) lipid (Blue) Other 5: Nutrients per 100g (Yosensha "eat insects!") Breeding the insect is easy! In meat conversion, the amount of feed required for fat increase of 1kg represents 8kg but in the case of cattle against 2 kg for the insects. In addition, in recent years, the influence of greenhouse gas produced by the livestock on the global environment has been a problem.

3 CHARM OF INSECT BUSINESS Insect business is surprisingly hot In Europe, they are focusing a particular passion for incorporation into insect eating habits. Investment into insect, in the last few years, is steadily increasing. Companies that started a business utilizing a variety of insects have to join the IPIFF (International Platform of Insects for Food and Feed) IPIFF Members'core - IPIFF core business of member companies Beekeeping Edible pet food Feed Ecological control Medical Pollenizer Industrial Other 6: Number of companies involved in the insect industry Entomo Farm elite troops are fascinated by the insect Southwest France, there is Entomo Farm which is the largest French insect farming company, and which was founded in The Co-founder invited us to visit the highest technical person responsible in the plant from Stephane (safe whole-health, environmental and quality officer), to the insects feed and also with Delphine (Research and development Director). We were able to get in with the teams and see manufacturing method to be applied. Stephane from the left, Clement, Delphine In 2012, the concept of Entomo Farm, was born by Gregory (27-year-old) when he was working at the time in the financial industry. Gregory saw the situation of the food crisis that occurred immediately after the Haiti earthquake of He started to think about a solution to save people who are facing lack of food. Interested in animals and insects from childhood (under the influence of his mother, who worked in the veterinary school) for him, working in the future on business related to the insect was always underlying. Gregory: From 2012, I made market researches and I created a business plan and finally insects feed production received interest from a variety of entrepreneurs. It is with a stunning euro that has been given by renowned entrepreneurs of France, that Entomo Farm was able to get things started. Clement Soulier, who was engaged in the reclamation of industrial plant, was introduced to Gregory's from a friend. They found a great-shared interest in the business that is through the use of insects. So, in 2014, Entomo Farm was born in Blanquefort next to Bordeaux with just two people. Currently, it is a company that is now counting 18 person in the pilot plant of Libourne. A 4000 m2 factory, were Entomo Farm is planning the expansion of the business at an unprecedented rate.

4 The best raw materials and products Currently, seven types of insects and formic will or have been approved for use as a raw material for feed. The mealworm (academic name: Tenebrio molitor) larvae has short life cycle. It is about 2.5 to three months and it led to the conclusion that it is optimal from the point of view that it will keep in high nutritional value to the raw material of insects feed directly below. Entomo Farm carried out all the process from the breeding of insects to the packaging of the final product. The staple food of the mealworm larvae is the bran of wheat. Adult mealworm lay about 600 eggs in its lifetime. Egg, larva, pupa, have a dedicated and separated room that is managed in temperature and humidity. By providing food and water with always about the same nutritional value, it is possible to crop a mealworm. Then, for the transformation, the first pre-treatment process kills the mealworm immediately before it becomes a pupa. Although, even if the use of hot water seems one common mean, a method developed by Entomo Farm is used. This method does not reduce the nutritional value of the products. To divide the protein from the lipid, they use a press process. Finally, the flour is dried in an oven. Oil extracted in the processing step is being used in cosmetics because of saturated fatty acids (such as linolenic acid) are abundant. The organic material is sold and it will be used as fertilizer. INSECTS FEED VALUE-ADDED Urban insect farming In Asia, no cultivation of small insects have been made, so, effort to improve the productivity was necessary. Entomo Farm realized the industrialization of insect farming in order to maximize the crop yield in a limited space. They adopted a vertical farming model(figure 10). The quality and quantity of food is also largely related to the nutritional value of insects feed. Also, the quality of bran of wheat is free of pesticides, so it does not contain harmful product and it is considered as organic feed. 10: General insect culture of Thailand Insect vertical farming

5 NEW CHALLENGES As an issue in the industrialization of insect farming, the height of the production cost is raised. Therefore, by introducing a large-scale facility on the site of 4,000m² in 2017, Entomo Farm will strive to reduce the cost by increasing the monthly production to 35 tons. The immediate goal seems to be the same amount 2 $ / kg which is closed to the price of the current fish meal. Soybeans price, that is currently widely used as feed, is very low around at around 0.8 $ / kg. But it seems that there is an advantage to the insect diet in terms of quality, without adding the fact the image, the nutritional value and gene set conversion. Also, Entomo Farm wants to manufacture the mealworm as a raw material and develop products such as blending of multiple insect species in the future.