THE INSTITUTE OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY OF GEORGIA. saqartvelos fitopatologiis instituti

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1 THE INSTITUTE OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY OF GEORGIA saqartvelos fitopatologiis instituti

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3 Table of Content: Sinaarsi: Overview... 4 mimoxilva... 5 Facts and Figures... 6 faqtobrivi monacemebi... 7 Laboratory of Disease Monitoring and Diagnostics... 8 daavadebata monitoringisa da diagnostikis laboratoria... 9 Laboratory of Genetics of Resistance gamzleobis genetikis laboratoria Laboratory of Molecular Biology molekuluri biologiis laboratoria...13 Scientifi c Directions samecniero mimartulebebi Research and Services kvleviti saqmianoba da momsaxureba...16 Collaboration and Projects TanamSromloba da proeqtebi First International Transcaucasus Conference on Plant Pathology mcenareta patologiis pirveli saertasoriso transkavkasiuri konferencia Assisting Georgian Farmers qartveli fermerebis daxmareba

4 The aim of the Institute of Phytopathology of Georgia (IPG) is to provide research, consultancy and expert diagnostic services for plant disease control, working with partners, academics and collaborators. IPG s research aims to develop ecologically safe disease control by accurate diagnosis, testing and recommending crop management practices. Improving these researches by using modern molecular biology methods will develop a platform for food safety and biosecurity for the country. The Institute of Phytopathology of Georgia (former Institute of Plant Immunity) was founded on May 22, 1991 by development from the laboratories and expertise of a branch of All-Union Research Institute of Phytopathology which was originally founded in Kobuleti in In 1964 the laboratories of phytopathology, biological control, selection and genetics of microorganisms, herbicides, toxicology and fungicides were established. In 1970 a field station was founded in the village of Tsagveri, Borjomi region. During Soviet times, the work of the laboratories was focused on research of highly virulent and the most damaging fungal pathogens of strategic importance. The branch of All-Union Research Institute of Phytopathology was the first in Georgia to study genetic structure of pathogen populations, as well as testing sources of resistance towards highly virulent races and screening fungicides and pesticides. The environmental conditions of Kobuleti are unique for field trials because of the natural isolation from major producing areas of test crops and the especially favourable warm humid growing conditions for plant pathogens. After the break-up of the USSR the institution was handed over to Georgia and according to government order acquired the status of a research institute. The Institute of Phytopathology of Georgia now operates under the authority of the Ministry of Science and Education of Georgia. On basis of the memorandums signed in February 2010, the Institute also closely cooperates with the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Service of Food Safety, Veterinary and Plant Protection of Georgia. In 2002 the Institute started its cooperation with the UK-based Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA). Under this collaboration, IPG was provided with the modern equipment for the laboratory of molecular biology, the buildings were repaired and improved, and the staff received help and training. IPG successfully collaborates with CIMMYT and ICARDA over the years. The main areas of studies is monitoring of cereal rusts and testing of introduced breeding materials. 4

5 saqartvelos fitopatologiis instituti (sfi), sxvadasxva partniortan da samecniero wreebtan TanamSromlobiT, axorcielebs kvlevit, sakonsultacio da saeqsperto saqmianobas mcenareta daavadebebis diagnostikisa da mati kontrolis miznit. institutis kvlevebis mizania ganaxorcielos daavadebata ekologiurad usafrtxo kontroli zusti diagnostikis, mosavlianobis martvis metodebis gamocdisa da rekomendaciebis SemuSavebis gzit. kvlevata xarisxobrivi daxvewa molekuluri biologiis Tanamedrove metodebis danergvit mnisvnelovan winapirobas Seqmnis qveynis sasursato da biousafrtxoebis uzrunvelsayofad. saqartvelos fitopatologiis instituti (warsulsi mcenareta imunitetis instituti) 1991 wlis 22 maiss daarsda fitopatologiis sakavsiro samecniero-kvleviti institutis saqartvelos filialis bazaze, romelic qobuletsi 1959 wlidan funqcionirebda wels Seiqmna fitopatologiis, biologiuri kontrolis, mikroorganizmebis seleqciisa da genetikis, herbicidebis, toqsikologiisa da fungicidebis laboratoriebi. borjomis raionis daba warversi 1970 wels savele sadguri Camoyalibda. sabwota periodsi laboratoriebsi strategiuli mnisvnelobis, maralvirulenturi da gansakutrebit mavne sokovani patogenebis kvleva mimdinareobda. fitopatologiis sakavsiro-kvleviti institutis filiali iyo saqartvelosi pirveli samecniero dawesebuleba, sadac daiwyo marcvlovanta patogenebis populaciis genetikuri struqturis kvleva, maralvirulenturi rasebis mimart gamzleobis efeqturi wyaroebis mozieba da gamocda, perspeqtiuli fungicidebis da herbicidebis skriningi. qobuletis garemo pirobebi unikaluria savele cdebis Casatareblad, rac ganpirobebulia sacdeli kulturebis komerciuli natesebisgan bunebrivi izolaciit da mcenareta patogenebis zrdistvis xelsayreli Tbili da notio klimatit. sabwota kavsiris daslis Semdeg instituti saqartvelos saxelmwifos gadaeca da mtavrobis dadgenilebit mas kvleviti institutis statusi mieniwa. saqartvelos fitopatologiis instituti amjamad saqartvelos ganatlebisa da mecnierebis saministros daqvemdebarebasi imyofeba wlis TebervalSi xelmowerili memorandumebis safuzvelze daiwyo institutis mwidro TanamSromloba soflis meurneobis saministrosa da saqartvelos sursatis uvneblobis, veterinariisa da mcenareta dacvis erovnul samsaxurtan wels institutma TanamSromloba daiwyo didi britanetis sursatis da garemos kvlevis saagentostan (FERA), romlis farglebsi fitopatologiis instituts gadaeca molekuluri biologiis laboratoriis Tanamedrove arwurviloba, gaumjobesda infrastruqtura, mecnier-tanamsromlebma gaiares treningebi. saqartvelos fitopatologiis instituti warmatebit TanamSromlobs CIMMYT da ICARDA-Tan. kvlevis ZiriTadi sferoebia marcvlovanta Jangebis monitoringi da introducirebuli saseleqcio masalis gamocda. 5

6 The Institute of Phytopathology employes 40 staff, 19 of whom are fully qualifi ed scientists. Director: Guram Memarne, PhD Laboratory of Disease Monitoring and Diagnostics Head: Eduard Megrelidze, PhD Laboratory of Genetics of Resistance Head: Zoia Sikharulidze, PhD Laboratory of Molecular Biology Head: Galina Meparishvili, PhD Contact information: 90 Tavisupleba Str Kobuleti Georgia Tel/Fax: (+995) fitopatologiis institutsi 40 TanamSromelia, matgan 19 - maralkvalificiuri mecnieria. direqtori: guram memarne, biologiis akademiuri doqtori daavadebata monitoringisa da diagnostikis laboratoria gamge: eduard megrelize, biologiis akademiuri doqtori gamzleobis genetikis laboratoria gamge: zoia sixarulize, biologiis akademiuri doqtori molekuluri biologiis laboratoria gamge: galina mefarisvili, biologiis akademiuri doqtori sakontaqto informacia: Tavisuflebis q. 90 qobuleti 6200 saqartvelo tel/faqsi: (+995) elfosta: info@ipg.ge 6

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8 LABORATORY OF DISEASE MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTICS Activities: Monitoring of diseases of cereals (wheat, barley and maize), subtropical (citrus, tea) and other economically signifi cant crops in different agroecological zones of Georgia; Determining the incidence and severity of diseases and collecting samples of key diseases; Identifying the causal agents of diseases by using traditional techniques; Study of biology, morphology, pathogenicity and cultural properties of pathogens; Study etiology and principles of development of the most harmful crop diseases; Maintaining and development of the Georgian National Collection of Plant Pathogens; Developing control measures for plant diseases in Georgia. 8

9 daavadebata monitoringisa da diagnostikis laboratoria ZiriTadi mimartulebebi: marcvlovanta (xorbali, qeri, simindi), subtropikuli kulturebis (Cai, citrusebi) da sxva ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT mnisvnelovani sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis daavadebata monitoringi saqar- Tvelos sxvadasxva agroekologiur zonasi; daavadebata gavrcelebisa da mati ganvitarebis intensivobis Seswavla; ZiriTad daavadebata nimusebis Segroveba; daavadebebis gamomwvev patogenta identifikacia klasikuri metodebit; daavadebis gamomwvevta biologiis, morfologiis, patogenurobisa da kulturaluri maxasiateblebis Seswavla; kulturul mcenareta yvelaze mavne daavadebebis etiologiisa da ganvitarebis kanonzomierebebis Seswavla; mcenareta patogenebis erovnuli koleqciis Senaxva da gafartoeba; daavadebebtan brzolis RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba. 9

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11 LABORATORY OF GENETICS OF RESISTANCE Activities: Study epidemiology of cereal rusts and powdery mildews in different geographic zones of Georgia; Survey of virulence of wheat rust fungi in Georgia; Identifi cation of virulence structure of wheat and barley powdery mildews; Maintaining and development of the collection of pathotypes of cereal rusts; Testing of local and introduced breeding material under natural and artifi cial infection of the major pathogens and identifying sources of resistance; Development of immunogenetic methods for rust control of cereals; Maintaining a differential set of cereal varieties and lines for identifi cation of phytopathogenic fungal races. gamzleobis genetikis laboratoria laboratoriis mimartulebebi: marcvlovanta Jangebisa da nacrebis epidemiologiis Seswavla saqartvelos sxvadasxva geografiul zonasi; xorblis Jangebis virulentobis monitoringi; xorblisa da qeris nacris gamomwvevta virulenturi struqturis identifikacia; marcvlovanta Jangebis patotipta koleqciis ganaxleba, Sevseba, Senaxva; adgilobrivi da introducirebuli saseleqcio masalis gamzleobis donis gansazrvra ZiriTad patogenta bunebriv da xelovnur infeqciur fonze, gamzleobis wyaroebis gamovlena; marcvlovanta Jangebisagan dacvis imunogenetikuri metodebis SemuSaveba; marcvlovanta jisebis da xazebis diferenciatorta nakrebis gadamravleba-senaxva sokovan patogenta rasebis identifikaciis miznit. 11

12 Laboratory of Molecular Biology Activities: Diagnosis of plant diseases by using molecular biology methods, mainly polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods; Study of intraspecifi c diversity of pathogens by using DNA-based methods; Development of the Georgian National Culture Collection. 12

13 ZiriTadi mimartulebebi: mcenareta daavadebebis diagnostika molekuluri biologiis Tanamedrove metodebis, mat Soris polimeraza jawvuri reaqciis (pjr) gamoyenebit; patogenta Sigasaxeobrivi mravalferovnebis dadgena dnm-is Seswavlaze damyarebuli metodebit; molekuluri biologiis laboratoria fitopatogenta kulturebis erovnuli koleqciis ganvitareba. 13

14 Scientifi c Directions Survey of diseases of significant crops: Annual disease surveys of crop fields and plantations; determining disease incidence and severity, sampling. Diagnostics of crop diseases: Registration of samples, isolation of pathogens from disease samples, identification and authentification of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens by classical methods. Population genetics: Study of pathogenicity and virulence of major crop pathogens; identification of virulence structures of wheat rusts, cereal powdery mildews, etc.; measurement of changes in virulence of populations; providing highly cost effective opportunity to determine the risk presented by pathogen races. Immunological assessment: Evaluating cereal germplasm for different diseases under natural and artificial infection by using field and glasshouse studies. Identification of new sources of resistance for recommendation in breeding programs. Molecular Biology: Introducing and using new molecular biology methods for improved plant diseases diagnosis, screening of virulence markers and assessment of the genetic diversity of pathogens. National Culture Collection of Plant Pathogens: The collection includes the panel of plant pathogens, mainly fungi important both nationally and regionally. Risk assessment: Phytosanitary risk analysis for quarantine pests, its diagnostics and management. Developing control strategies of diseases. 14

15 samecniero mimartulebebi sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis daavadebata monitoringi: sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis daavadebata yovelwliuri monitoringi mindvrebsa da plantaciebsi, daavadebebis gavrcelebisa da ganvitarebis intensiobis Seswavla, nimusebis Segroveba. sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis daavadebata diagnostika: nimusebis registracia; patogenebis gamoyofa daavadebuli nimusebidan; sokovani, baqteriuli da virusuli patogenebis identifikacia klasikuri metodebis gamoyenebit. populaciuri genetika: marcvlovanta ZiriTadi daavadebebis gamomwvev organizmta Sigasaxeobrivi diferenciaciis Seswavla; xorblis Jangebis, marcvlovanta nacrebisa da sxva patogenebis virulentobis genofondisa da patotipuri struqturis identifikacia, Sigapopulaciuri cvlilebebis mimartulebis gansazrvra, gavrcelebul patogenta rasebis riskis gansazrvra. imunologiuri Sefaseba: marcvlovanta Canasaxovani plazmis Sefaseba sxvadasxva patogenis mimart satburisa da mindvris pirobebsi, bunebrivi da xelovnuri infeqciuri fonis gamoyenebit; daavadebebisadmi axali gamzleobis wyaroebis gamovlena saseleqcio programebsi CarTvis miznit. molekuluri biologia: molekuluri biologiis metodebis atviseba da gamoyeneba daavadebata diagnostikis gaumjobesebisa da virulentobis markerebis SerCevis, patogenta genetikuri mravalferovnebis dadgenis miznit. fitopatogenta erovnuli koleqcia: ZiriTadad warmodgenilia sokovani patogenebit. kulturata koleqcias Zalze didi Teoriuli da praqtikuli mnisvneloba aqvs, rogorc qveynis, aseve regionuli TvalsazrisiT. riskis Sefaseba: sakarantino mavne organizmebis fitosanitaruli riskis analizi, mati diagnostika da menejmenti; daavadebata kontrolis strategiis SemuSaveba. 15

16 kvlevebi da momsaxureba Research and Services 16 Expert consultancy: Provision of expert diagnostics and advices to the Georgian Ministry of Agriculture, the National Service of Food Safety, Veterinary and Plant Protection, private companies and farmers. Applied Research: Helping farmers and other stakeholders to recognize crop diseases in the fi eld; Providing expert help with crop diseases; Undertaking risk assessment work; Recommending on disease control for farmers and breeders. Laboratory Services: Providing diagnostic services by means of classical and modern molecular biology methods; supporting the plant quarantine service. Training and education: Collaborating with universities, including PhD and MSc training. Extension services to farmers through seminars, training courses, open days and clinics aimed to improve knowledge in plant protection. saeqsperto konsultacia: saeqsperto diagnostikis ganxorcieleba soflis meurneobis saministros, sursatis uvneb lobis, veterinariisa da mcenare- Ta dacvis erovnuli samsaxuris, saba- Jo departamentis, kerzo kompaniebisa da fermerebistvis. gamoyenebiti samecniero saqmianoba: fermerebis da sxva dainteresebul pirta daxmareba savele pirobebsi daavadebis amocnobasi; mavne organizmta riskis Sefaseba; daavadebebis winaarmdeg RonisZiebebis SeTavazeba fermerebisa da seleqcionerebistvis. laboratoriuli momsaxureba: sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis daavadebata diagnostika molekuluri biologiis klasikuri da Tanamedrove metodebit, mcenareta karantinis samsaxuris sadiagnostiko momsaxureba. treningebi da saganmanatleblo saqmianoba: universitetebtan mwidro TanamSromlobiT magistrantebisa da doqtorantebis momzadeba; fermerta momsaxurebis gaumjobeseba, mcenareta dacvis sferosi mati codnis amarlebis miznit leqcia-seminarebis, treningebis, Ria karis dreebisa da mcenareta klinikebis mowyobis Sedegad.

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18 Collaboration and Projects The Institute collaborates with a variety of scientifi c organisations, including: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) UK Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA) UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Washington State University International Science and Technology Centre (ISTC) Borlaug Global Rust Initiative G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology Lomouri Institute of Farming All-Russia Scientifi c Research Institute of Phytopathology Key international projects ISTC Partner Project (#G-1775p) Evaluation of cultivar disease resistance of three important crops to identify best practice improvements in crop management for agriculture in Georgia and potentially other South Caucasian states. 01 December December 2011 International Project (SRO/GLO/*) #/CRN) Durable Resistance in Wheat. Part of the Project - Global Cereal Rust Monitoring. 01 June August 2009 Georgian National Science Foundation Project (#308) Assessment of relationships among grain yield, grain quality and disease resistance in introduced and adapted to the local environment wheat germplasm to identify improved varieties. 01 March March 2011 ISTC Project (#WS01-SB106/150-08) First International Transcaucasus Conference on Plant Pathology September 2008 USDA-CSREES International Collaboration Programme in Agricultural Science in Central Asia and South Caucasus Virulence of yellow and brown rust pathogens and evaluation of wheat varieties. 10 May May 2006 ISTC Partner Project (#G-1993p) Improving Plant Health in Georgia, through improving disease resistance of wheat, increased knowledge of quarantine diseases and establishment of a National Culture Collection. 01 May April

19 mnisvnelovani saertasoriso proeqtebi TanamSromloba da proeqtebi instituti TanamSromlobs sxvadasxva samecniero dawesebulebebtan: xorblisa da simindis gaumjobesebis saertasoriso centri (CIMMYT) msrali regionebis sasoflosameurneo kvlevebis saertasoriso centri (ICARDA) didi britanetis sursatisa da garemos kvlevis saagento (FERA) gaeros sursatisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia (FAO) vasingtonis saxelmwifo universiteti saertasoriso samecniero-teqnikuri centri (ISTC) marcvlovanta Jangebis globaluri monitoringis borlaugis iniciativa g. eliavas saxelobis baqteriofagiis, mikrobiologiis da virusologiis instituti i. lomouris miwatmoqmedebis instituti rusetis samecniero-kvleviti fitopatologiis instituti ISTC-is partnioruli proeqti (#G-1775p) saqartvelos soflis meurneobis gan vi- Tarebis xelsewyoba: sami mnisvnelovani sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis daavadebisadmi gamzleobis Seswavla mosavlianobis martvis gzebis gaumjobesebis miznit saqartvelosa da samxret kavkasiis sxva qveynebsi. 01 dekemberi dekemberi 2011 saertasoriso proeqti (SRO/GLO/*) #/CRN) xorblis xangrzlivi gamzleoba, proeqtis nawili - xorblis Jangebis monitoringi. 01 ivnisi agvisto 2009 saqartvelos erovnuli samecniero fondis proeqti (#308) saqartvelosi Semotanili da adgilobriv garemostan Seguebuli xorblis Canasaxovani plazmis mosavlianobis, xarisxis da daavadebisadmi mdgradobis urtiertkavsiris dadgena xorblis jisebis gaumjobesebis miznit. 01 marti marti 2011 ISTC-is proeqti (#WS01-SB106/150-08) mcenareta patologiis pirveli saertasoriso transkavkasiuri konferencia seqtemberi 2008 USDA-CSREES saertasoriso TanamSromlobis programa centralur aziasa da samxret kavkasiasi sasoflo-sameurneo kvlevebis sferosi proeqti xorblis yviteli da mura Jangas virulentoba da xorblis jisebis Sefaseba. 10 maisi maisi 2006 ISTC-is partnioruli proeqti (#G-1993p) mcenareta dacvis gaumjobeseba saqartvelosi daavadebebisadmi gamzleobis donis amarlebis, sakarantino daavadebebis Seswavlisa da kulturata erovnuli koleqciis Seqmnis gzit. 01 maisi aprili

20 First International Transcaucasus Conference on Plant Pathology On September 2008, the Institute of Phytopathology with fi nancial support from ISTC and the UK Ministry of Defence organised the First International Transcaucasus Conference on Plant Pathology in Tbilisi. The conference was attended by over 100 delegates from 12 countries, and also representatives from the Ministries of Agriculture and Education and Science and National Service for Food Safety, Veterinary and Plant Protection of Georgia. The conference received mass media attention. The aim of the conference was to encourage collaboration to enhance sustainable agricultural production in the Caucasus region. Delegates reported and discussed the situation of plant diseases and their threat to production in the Caucasus region. The conference comprised the following sessions: Plant disease survey and epidemiology; Quarantine diseases and new pathogens; Diagnostic methods; Disease control. Participants discussed the way ahead for Georgia to achieve European standards in Agriculture through development of disease control methods. 20

21 mcenareta patologiis pirveli saertasoriso transkavkasiuri konferencia 2008 wlis seqtembers TbilisSi, fitopa- Tologiis institutma saertasoriso samecniero teqnikuri centrisa da didi britanetis Tavdacvis saministros finansuri mxardawerit Caatara mcenareta patologiis pirveli saertasoriso transkavkasiuri konferencia. konferenciasi monawileobda 12 qveynis 100-ze meti delegati, aseve, ganatlebisa da mecnierebis saministros, soflis meurneobis saministros da sursatis uvneblobis, veterinariisa da mcenare- Ta dacvis erovnuli samsaxuris warmomadgenlebi. konferencia gasuqda masobrivi informaciis sa- SualebebiT. konferenciaze ganixiles Semdegi mimartulebebi: mcenareta daavadebebis monitoringi da epidemiologia; konferencia miznad isaxavda kavkasiis regionsi sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis mdgradi warmoebis ganvitarebas. delegatebma imsjeles kavkasiis regionsi arsebuli mcenareta daavadebebisa da mati mavneobis Sesaxeb. sakarantino daavadebebi da axali patogenebi; diagnostikis metodebi; daavadebata kontroli. konferenciis monawileebma arnisnes, rom saqartvelostvis soflis meurneobasi evropuli standartis mirweva mcenareta kontrolis meqanizmis gazlierebitaa SesaZlebeli. 21

22 qartveli fermerebis daxmareba Assisting Georgian Farmers The Institute of Phytopathology of Georgia (IPG) offers farmers better food security and livehoods through the Ministry of Agriculture by providing information and applying scientifi c expertise to solve problems in agriculture. The Institute helps farmers to learn from research and share knowledge and best practices concerned with different problems. IPG scientists are ready to help farmers in diagnostics of diseases and other plant pathologies, promoting practices that foster more effi cient and sustainable use of farm inputs and better management of crop diseases by meetings, seminars, training courses, open days and clinics. saqartvelos fitopatologiis instituti (sfi) soflis meurneobis saministros mxardawerit fermerebs stavazobs mosavlianobis gazrdisa da sakvebi produqtebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis sasualebebs mati informirebisa da saeqsperto momsaxurebis gawevis gzit. instituti xels uwyobs fermerebs Sei- Zinon da ertmanets gauziaron mecnierul safuzvelze damyarebuli codna da praqtikuli Cvevebi, rac mat meurneobebsi Seqmnili sirtuleebis dazlevasi exmareba. saqartvelos fitopatologiis institutis mecnierebi mzad arian daxmareba gauwion fermerebs sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis daavadebebis diagnostikasa da mat winaarmdeg brzolasi Sexvedrebis, seminarebis, treiningebis, Ria karis dreebisa da klinikebis mowyobis gzit. es gaaadvilebs mcenareta daavadebebis kontrols da xels Seuwyobs fermeruli meurneobebis ganvitarebas. 22

23 Brochure is published in the framework of the project funded by the UK Global Partnership Programme. brosura gamocemulia britanetis globaluri partniorobis programis mxardawerit ganxorcielebuli proeqtis farglebsi. fotografi davit xizanisvili Photographer David Khizanishvili dizaini da bewdva regtaimi, Tbilisi Desing & Printing RAGTIME, Tbilisi

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