Andrew Jeffs Ph

Transcription

1 Andrew Jeffs Ph

2 History of Frozen Mutton in New Zealand Migrant settlers - shepherds farmers from UK Australia Migrant settlers - shepherds, farmers from UK, Australia Sheep flocks grew from 1840 sourced from UK, Australia, Spain

3 Forests felled for timber and pasture Expansion p out from initial areas on east coast of both islands M Ha of pasture, M Ha 1850 to 1880 sheep 0.6 to 13M

4 Export of wool, tallow & canned meat p, Meat was a by-product 1853 wool 22% of NZ exports, by 1870 over 50% Long Depression wool prices slumped

5 Start of a Sheepmeat Industry Refrigeration technology developed in UK First frozen meat shipments - Argentina to France Australia to London New Zealand to London ,931 carcasses c mostly mutton Mataura Willi D id William Davidson & Thomas Brydone

6 Continuing Production & Efficiency Increases 1889 >1M frozen sheep carcasses exported mostly mutton 1900 >3M carcasses more lamb 1960 >21M carcasses mostly lamb 2003 >21M carcasses mostly lamb M Ha pastureland MH 6.7M Ha M Ha M national flock M M

7 Some Key Innovations 1880 s Refrigerated shipping Breeding for meat production Introduced grasses Steamship service 1890 s Freezing works 21 by s Fertiliser & nutrients New high production grasses Electricity used to mechanise simple processing Formation NZ Meat Producers Board 1930 s Cobalt deficiency resolved Pasture management fencing Chain system meat processing 1940 s Aerial topdressing Blast freezing 1950 s Meat Industry Research Institute formed 1960 s Increased mechanisation of processing Electrical stimulation & conditioning 1980 s Polythene film carcass wrapping

8 Value-adding Sheep meat export volume by product for year ended September 2003 % Value added exp ports NZ s % of value-added meat exports by year Years

9 History of Frozen Mussels in New Zealand

10 New Zealand Green-lipped Mussels New Zealand has around 15 native mussel species Perna canaliculus green-lipped mussel or when cultivated known as Greenshell Traditional food source for Maori - kutai Endemic to New Zealand waters Most commonly found in the North Island and top of South Island from shoreline to depths of 50m or more Grows to over 240mm shell length Matures in one year

11 Greenshell Mussel Fishery 3000 Tasman Fishery Hauraki Fishery

12 Roa - Hauraki Gulf 1963 Hauraki Gulf 1960 s Hauraki Gulf 2003

13 Pi l f f l t i i Pioneer mussel farmers were; farmers, electricians, fishers, labourers, plumbers

14 Start of a Mussel Aquaculture Industry

15 Mussel Japanese Aquaculture long-line technology

16 Discovery that mussel seed comes ashore from 90-Mile Beach in Northland Spat 250μm to 5mm attached to variety of drifting seaweed Highly mobile spat can reattach which is handy for aquaculture

17 Spat seeded onto long-lines lines Re-seeded to thin out at 10mm

18 Mussel Aquaculture Mussels harvest at mm Success due to mechanisation Growth of industry through expansion

19 74% farms in Marlborough Sounds Mussel Aquaculture 17% 17% farms in Coromandel 9% other localities around NZ 74%

20 Total New Zealand Aq quaculture Production (Tonnes) Greenshell mussel Greenshell mussel predicted Chinook salmon Chinook salmon predicted Pacific oysters Pacific oyster predicted Abalone predicted Very Strong Growth Faster than global average of 10% p.a. i.e. around 20% p.a Fastest growing rural industry in NZ <1 Ha 2005 >2,650 Ha Year

21 Mussel Aquaculture Greenshell mussels 14% value of global production (<5% volume) The eworld Global mussel production 1,219,127 tonnes US$616,401,000 New Zealand

22 Value-adding Fresh in sacks early 1980 s Chilled in bulk boxes mid 1980 s Frozen in Frozen in small boxes small boxes with flavours 1990 s 2005

23 What is innovation? OECD says:- Introduction of a new or significantly improved product or service Introduction of a new or significantly improved process within a business Likely additions Introduction into a significant new market opportunity Introduction of a significantly improved organisational arrangement

24 Why is innovation important? Innovation activity it a key driver of economic growth, sector & individual business success Strong political & financial support from current Government Growth & Innovation Framework

25 Frozen mutton & mussels: Innovation Similarities Grassroots pioneer innovators entrepreneurs bare start ups Innovative responses when faced with adversity Early & effective adopters of offshore technology Growth thby increase in production (more of fth the same & quickly) Growth by incremental increases in efficiency production innovation Growth by value-adding or market innovation is secondary High reliance on informal/in-house innovation Technical innovation is strong electric fences, mussel harvesters Formal l& high-technology h h innovation i sources are not important until later in industry development Very little globalization of technology Strong informal networks & information sharing are vital to innovation Bureaucracy is a major & continual stumbling block to innovation

26 Frozen mutton & mussels: Innovation Similarities Overall, very strong focus on production & process innovation, versus product & market innovation where there is often more value Do we have a National Innovation System that favours Commodity Production?

27 How do we encourage more effective innovation in new industries? Better international linkages to capture new opportunities for NZ from global technology developments Create more positive i environment for pioneer innovators, entrepreneurs & bare start ups supportive bureaucracy Encourage efficiency innovators to capture parallel benefits offshore Improve the effectiveness of high-technology providers as sources of innovation Improve mechanisms for globalizing New Zealand innovation & technology Strengthen informal networks & information sharing within sectors More emphasis on market versus technological innovation generally Focus on value-adding & global market innovation

28 Alexander Turnbull Library Canterbury City Libraries NZEdge.com Encyclopaedia of New Zealand Ray Winger, Massey University Basil Sharp, University of Auckland Shantha Liyanage, University of Auckland Manuka Henare, University of Auckland Lines in the Water, Carol Dawber NZIER Sealord Shellfish Ltd Fish Farming International Acknowledgements Thank you