Balance of straw in Poland

Transcription

1 Balance of straw in Poland Professor Jan Kuś PhD Mariusz Matyka Department of Systems and Economics of Crop Production Novi Sad 2-3 October 27 INSTITUTE OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT CULTIVATION - NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE -

2 INSTITUTE OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT CULTIVATION - NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE - 15 years of tradition in agricultural science in Pulawy 1862 Technical Institute of Technology Agriculture and Forestry 1917 National Research Institute of Rural Husbandry (PINGW) 195 Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG) 25 Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation National Research Institute (IUNG-PIB) the oldest agricultural centre in Poland the second oldest agricultural centre in Europe (after Rothamsted) INSTITUTE OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT CULTIVATION - NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE - Director General Scientific Council Department of Agrometeorology and Applied Informatics Department of Soil Science, Erosion and Land Conservation Department of Systems and Economics of Crop Production Department of Soil Tillage and Fertilization Department of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Department of Agricultural Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality Department of Ecology and Weed Control Department of Breeding and Production of Special Crops Department of Forage Crop Production Department of Cereal Crop Production Experimental Stations

3 INSTITUTE OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT CULTIVATION - NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE - the evaluation criteria of solutions offered by the science and advisory service Earlier: maximization of production and profits Now: the quality of products economic effectiveness safety for natural environment and human health optimisation of use of production factors Biomass renewable energy sources

4 Consumption of energy carriers,1,19,1 Poland 58,79 23,75 12,8 4,4,18,31 1,5,29,4 UE-25 17,85 37,23 23,9 4,14 14,56,25 2,2,25 Word 23,5 34,9 21,3 1,8 6,8 % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% Coal Oil Gas Biomass Water Industrial wastes Wind Sun Geothermal Nuclear Targets in the area of utilization of renewable energy sources - % in balance of primary energy: Specification Poland * 1,-1,5 7,5 14 UE 6 12 over 2 */ Strategy for development accepted by government ( ) and approve by Sejm Republic of Poland ( ).

5 Possibility for utilization of straw PROCESS PRODUCTS Pyrolysis Gasification Fermentation Liquefaction Combustion Gas of low calorie content Gas Biogas Liquid fuel Heat energy Profits from utilization of straw for energy purposes in Poland 1. For agriculture increase of the employment in the agricultural sector increase the agricultural incomes, reduction of the prices fluctuations of agricultural products, stabilization of the agricultural production size, stimulation of the local industry and development of the rural area. 2. For country protection the of environment through limitation of emission NO x and closed circulation of CO 2 increase of the energy safety of Poland.

6 Economic profits thous. zł Cost of warming for 15 m 2 surface straw wood h = 2% wood chips h = 2% pellets coke coal warming oil natural gas warm pump electric power in building slighty isolated in building well isolated Source: Wach 26 What is the reason of the surplus of straw? In area of cereals increased in Poland from 7,8 to 8,6 mln ha. In this period the share of cereals in the cropping pattern increased from 54 to 75%. In cattle population was reduced of 31%, sheep of 6% and horses of 5%. There were farms whiteout livestock, 878 thousand in 22, that presented 45% whole.

7 Sources of straw Cereals Maize Rape Pulses Sown area in Poland in 25 year thous. ha wheat rye barley oats triticale maize other cereals Pulses Potatoes Idustrial Feed Other crops

8 Ratio of grain (=1): straw for cereals in Poland Winter Wheat,91 Spring Wheat,94 Winter Triticale 1,13 Winter Rye 1,44 Winter Barley,87 Spring Barley,86 Oats 1,8 Ways of straw utilization Fodder Litter Incorporation to soil Surplus for energy use

9 Quality of straw Dependence of energy value upon the humidity of straw Fuel value humidity % Source: Gradziuk, 26 Rape straw Wheat straw Barley straw Production of straw in groups of crops average for years Crops Winter cereals Spring cereals Rape Maize Pulse crops Total Harvests in thous. tons

10 Utilization of straw in Poland Kind of utilization Utilization in thousand tons Litter Fodder Incorporation to soil Total How was calculated quantity of straw for incorporation Reproduction of soil organic matter (t ha -1 ) Balance (t ha -1 ) Specification Ratio of degradation of soil organic matter Dose of manure (t ha -1 year -1 ) Dry mass of manure (t ha -1 year -1 ) Straw for incorporation (t ha -1 ) Sown area (thous. ha) Total straw for incorporation (thous. t) Poland -,53 7,3 1,82,64,1,

11 Voivodeship Dolnośląskie Kujawsko- pomorskie Lubelskie Lubuskie Łódzkie Małopolskie Mazowieckie Opolskie Podkarpackie Podlaskie Pomorskie Śląskie Świętokrzyskie Warmińsko- mazurskie Wielkopolskie Zachodniopomorskie Poland Balance of straw in Poland Harvest of straw litter Utilization of straw: fodder incorporation on soil total Balance deficit surplus Regional differentiation in surplus of straw 742 POMORSKIE WARMIÑSKO-MAZURSKIE 422 ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE PODLASKIE 66 KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE 939 MAZOWIECKIE 236 WIELKOPOLSKIE LUBUSKIE ÓDZKIE LUBELSKIE DOLNOŒL SKIE 618 ŒWIÊTOKRZYSKIE OPOLSKIE ŒL SKIE 332 PODKARPACKIE MA OPOLSKIE 259 POLAND = 7891

12 What about future? Straw production for energy utilization in future will grow, because:: Area of cereals will be in the same level, and it can even grow to 9 millions ha. Area of rape will grow from,5 to 1 mln. ha, because of biofuel production and implementation of Directive UE (23/3WE). Utilization for fodder and litter will probably drop, because economic factors promote growth of individual production capacity at decrease of livestock. Recapitulation 1. In regions with crumbled agrarian structure, despite a straw surplus, harvest and transport of straw for energy purposes will be unprofitable. 2. The yields of cereals and straw undergo seasonal fluctuation and therefore regarding for utilization of productive force. Surplus of straw for energy purposes should be estimated at the 4-5 mln. ton. 3. Big amounts of straws can be assigned for energy utilization in regions with big farms. (low level of livestock, high participation cereals and rape in sown area ). 4. Precise estimation of straw surplus for country or voivodeship is difficult. Higher precision is possible for smallest administrative units, like administrative district or commune.

13 Balance of straw in Poland Professor Jan Kuś PhD Mariusz Matyka Department of Systems and Economics of Crop Production Novi Sad 2-3 October 27