Current developments and challenges in drought management in Northern Bavaria

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1 Bavarian State Ministry of the Current developments and challenges in drought management in Northern Bavaria Dr. Andreas Kolbinger

2 outline Bavarian State Ministry of the Overview The water transition system Situation in 2015 Current situation Activities in Bavaria Effects of irrigation Conclusion 2

3 Overview Bavarian State Ministry of the Some regions in Northern Bavaria: below 450mm precipitation per year Average for Bavaria: 940mm precipitation per year Munich Alpine region: over 2000mm precipitation per year 3

4 Overview II Bavarian State Ministry of the Irrigation combined with water scarcity

5 Water transition system Bavarian State Ministry of the 5

6 Water transition system II Bavarian State Ministry of the Water is being transfered from to Danube catchment into the Main catchment Building of the system started in the 1970s The goal was water provision for the dry North of Bavaria as well as flood protection for the Altmühl valley Also important recreation area 5 reservoirs and 27 dams as well as 5 hydro power plants

7 Situation in 2015 Bavarian State Ministry of the The reservoirs of the free state functioned well during dry year of 2015 The water transition system supplied around 200 mio. m³ water for Rednitz and Main from April November 2015 Ecological Alarmplan Main: warnings for water temperature and oxygen level, therefore no fish dieing in the Main river Drinking water supply was guaranteed through reservoirs in Mauthaus and Frauenau

8 Water transition system 2015 Bavarian State Ministry of the

9 Current situation Bavarian State Ministry of the Water scarcity rather new topic in water land Bavaria Droughts in 2015 significant: reduction in yields (esp. North. Bavaria) High irrigation needs in agriculture and presumably rising in the longterm due to increase in yield, quality demands and demand for regional products (especially vegetables) as well as climate change Local excessive use of water ressources (e.g. Osterhofen) in 2015 Past winters especially in Northern Bavaria to dry: ground water formation very low 2017 / winter 2018: precipitation higher, but tendency that ground water levels partially strongly decreasing, very dry April 2018 Fig.: situation of precipitation for last 90 days ( 4 june 2018)

10 Current situation II Bavarian State Ministry of the => Climate change is a fact even in Bavaria => There will be not enough water for all requirements => Mainly individual irrigation systems => Climate change will go on => It is necessary to adapt in time! => Avoiding first come first served / equitable distribution of water is essential

11 Bavarian State Ministry of the Activities in Bavaria

12 Bavarian State Ministry of the Pilot funding programme: agricultural use of water New programme by the Bavarian State Ministry for the Environment and Consumer Protection started in September 2016 Goal: Developing of concepts for a sustainable and environmentally friendly use of water ressources A maximum of 25 projects can be funded with 75% Application until , project duration projects started already, around 15 formulated project ideas so far Contact and application: local water management offices

13 Bavarian State Ministry of the Low flow management in Lower Franconia Project contracted to the local administration of Lower Franconia by the Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Consumer Protection Project area: Lower Franconia (northwest of Bavaria) Development of a guideline for a streamlined approach for (ground) water extraction

14 Bavarian State Ministry of the Overall aims and goals of the low flow management Identify limitations Early regulation Adaptation to risk Sustainable water management Improve database Get users to take responsibili ty 1

15 Bavarian State Ministry of the Further Activities in Bavaria => Improving knowledge an data base => Starting with combined modelling of ground water and surface water (considering even ecological requirements) => In preparation: project water reuse (government of Lower Franconia, with Techincal University of Munich): theoretical approach: how to treat waste water, where to use

16 Bavarian State Ministry of the Effects of Irrigation, Managing Irrigation through large Structures? pros + Sustainable and environmental friendly use of water resources + Higher reliability of supply with water + No first come first served + No acceleration of structural transformation in agriculture + Better monitoring and control + No outsourcing of water consumption + Higher sustainability, quality and reliability of supply with agricultural products + Maybe better erosion control / preservation of cultural landscape cons Lobbying needed Irrigation of croplands generally increasing Higher agricultural intensity on irrigated cropland High local concentration of water extractions Higher irrigation means higher pressure on water resources and landscape water regime Prices for property and land could rise Long term development of structures +/- change of leaching of nutrients (better control of nutrient absorption, but higher potential for fertilizing) +/- preservation but also change of cultural landscape (preservation of traditional vineyards, but also further intensification)

17 Bavarian State Ministry of the Conclusion Drought/water scarcity especially significant in Northern Bavaria Alpine part of Bavaria no problems so far Need to adapt irrigation in Bavaria now due to climate change and agriculture, ecosystem and socio-economic requirements equitable distribution of water is essential Drip irrigation Foto: Netafim.de Foto: Schoberer, R. d. Opf.

18 Bavarian State Ministry of the Thank you very much for your attention! Contact: Dr. Andreas Kolbinger Wasserwirtschaft im ländlichen Raum, Gewässerökologie, Wildbäche Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Rosenkavalierplatz 2 D München Tel: Fax: E-Mal: andreas.kolbinger@stmuv.bayern.de 18