ALUATION OF AZIMSULFURON FOR WEED CONTROL IN

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1 Indian J. Agric. Res., 45 (3) : , 2011 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE ccjournals.com / indianjournals.com nals.com EVAL ALUATION OF AZIMSULFURON FOR WEED CONTROL IN TRANSPLANTED ANTED RICE ( (OR ORYZA SATIV TIVA L.) H.M. Jayadeva, S.T.. Bhairappanavara, P.R..R. Somashekarappa, A.Y.. Hugar, B.R. Rangaswamy,, G.B. Mallikarjun and D. Channa Naik Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal , Bangalore, India. Received : Accepted : ABSTRACT A field investigation was carried out for six seasons from kharif 2006 through kharif 2009 at Agricultural Research Station, Kathalagere, district Davangere in the southern transitional zone of Karnataka. The present investigation was taken up to know the bioeffectiveness of azimsulfuron 50 DF in comparison with butachlor,, 2,4-DEE, hand weeding for weed control in transplanted rice. The field experiment was laidout in randomized block design with 8 treatments viz., T : Azimsulfuron g a.i./ha + 0.2% Surfactant, : Azimsulfuron g a.i./ha + 0.2% Surfactant, : Azimsulfuron g a.i./ha + 0.2% Surfactant, T : T + 1 hand 40 DAT,, 2 5 : Butachlor kg a.i./ha (standard check), : 2,4-DEE 2.0 kg a.i./ha (4 WAT), T : Hand 7 weeding twice (20 and 40 DAT) T) and : Weedy check. The treatments were e r replicated thrice. Azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha (19 DAT) T) % Surfactant followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT recorded significantly lower total weed density ( / 0.25 m 2 ) and total weed dry weight ( g/ 0.25 m 2 ) than all the herbicidal treatments and was at par or better than hand weeding twice during 2008 and 2009; resulting in highest grain yield (6834, 6683 and 6102 kg/ha in summer 2008, kharif 2008 and kharif 2009, respectively) and straw yield (7008, 7030 and 6494 kg/ha in summer 2008, kharif 2008 and kharif 2009, respectively) of rice. During summer/ kharif 2007, azimsulfuron 35 g a.i./ha was provided the maximum control of weeds with maximum yields among the herbicidal treatment, while during kharif 2006, maximum grain and straw yields were observed to be under butachlor 1.25 kg a.i./ha. Key words : Azimsulfuron, grain yield, Oryza sativa, rice, straw yield, weed density, weed dry weight. INTRODUCTION Rice is the most important crop in Asia, where more than 90 per cent of all rice is grown and consumed (Blake, 1992). With the advent of capital intensive technology, farmers have achieved a breakthrough in increasing the yield of transplanted rice. But weeds were still the major threats, which are competing with rice for resources and thus reducing the yield levels. Many pre-emergent herbicides have been released and used by farmers for weed control in transplanted rice. But for efficacy of these herbicides there is need for continuous stagnation of water in the field. Hence, there is need felt for post-emergence herbicides. But, very few post emergent herbicides are available. This study was undertaken to know the efficacy of post-emergent herbicide azimsulfuron against weeds in transplanted rice. Corresponding author s jayadeva98@rediffmail.com

2 240 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH MATERIALS AND METHODS A field investigation was carried out for six seasons from kharif 2006 through kharif 2009 at Agricultural Research Station, Kathalagere, district Davangere in the southern transitional zone of Karnataka, to know the bioeffectiveness of azimsulfuron 50 DF in comparison to butachlor, 2,4- DEE and hand weeding in transplanted rice. The soil of the experimental field was red loamy. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 8 treatments viz., : azimsulfuron 27.5 g a.i./ha + 0.2% S (surfactant), : azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% S, : azimsulfuron 35.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% S, + 1 hand weeding at 40 days after transplanting (DAT), : butachlor 1.25 kg a.i./ha, : 2,4-DEE 2.0 kg a.i./ha, : hand weeding twice (20 and 40 DAT) and : weedy check. These treatments were replicated thrice. The azimsulfuron treatments were applied at 19 DAT, while butachlor was applied at 3 DAT and 2,4- DEE at 4 weeks after transplanting (WAT). The herbicides were sprayed with hand operated knapsack sprayer fitted with herbicide nozzle of Aspee ULV 100 using a spray volume of 300 liter/ha. The Inditran surfactant (S) was 0.2% as per the treatments. The gross plot size of the experiment was 18.0 m 2 (6.0 m x 3.0 m). After puddling and leveling the land, a thin film of water was stagnated in the field. Fifty per cent of recommended N (100 and 125 kg/ha in kharif and summer, respectively) and 100 per cent of recommended P 2 O 5 (50 and 62 kg/ ha each in kharif and summer, respectively) and K 2 O (50 and 62 kg/ha each in kharif and summer, respectively) were applied as basal dose. The remaining 50% N was top dressed in two equal splits at 25 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT). Twenty six days old seedlings of rice cultivar IR-64 were transplanted at 20 cm x 10 cm spacing. Density of weeds were recorded in a fixed 0.25 m 2 area at 45 days after spraying. Dry weight of these weeds was recorded from 0.25 m 2 destructive sampling area. The data on density and dry weight of weeds were computed using square root (Öx + 0.5) transformation. The grain and straw yield were recorded at harvest of the crop. RESULTS TS AND DISCUSSION Weed flora The major weeds observed in the experimental plots were Echinochloa glabrascence among the grasses. Cyperus sps., Scripus royali and Fimbristylis miliaceae among sedges. Ludwigia parviflora, Lindernia vernicaefolia and Glinus oppositifolia among the broad leaved weeds. The other weeds observed in lesser numbers were Alternanthera sessalis, Eclipta alba, Rotala verticilaris and Spilanthus acmella. Some of the similar weeds species in transplanted rice have also been reported by Natarajan and Kuppusamy (2001), Bhattacharya et al. (2004) and Ramphool et al.(2007). Density of weeds In kharif, 2006, azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha (19 DAT) % S recorded significantly lowest total weed density (7.83/ 0.25 m 2 ) among all the treatments (Table 1). Azimsulfuron 35.0 g a.i./ha (19 DAT) % surfactant recorded significantly lower total weed density during summer 2007 and kharif 2007 (1.67 and 4.67/ 0.25 m 2, respectively). During 2008 and 2009, azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha (19 DAT) % S followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT recorded significantly lowest total weed density (0.00, 0.67 and 1.67/ 0.25 m 2 in summer 2008, kharif 2008 and kharif 2009, respectively) and was significantly better than butachlor 1.25 kg a.i./ ha, 2,4-DEE 2.0 kg a.i./ha and alone treatments of azimsulfuron ( g a.i./ha). Dry weight of weeds During kharif 2006, azimsulfuron g a.i./ha (19 DAT) % S recorded significantly lower total weed density than butachlor 1.25 kg a.i./ha and at par with hand weeding twice (Table 2). Azimsulfuron 35.0 g a.i./ha (19 DAT) % surfactant recorded significantly lower total weed dry weight during summer 2007 and kharif 2007than azimsulfuron 27.5 g a.i./ha and butachlor

3 Vol. 45, No. 3, Table 1 : Total weed density (No./ 0.25 m 2 ) at 45 days after application as influenced by different weed control treatments in transplanted rice. Treatments Kharif 2006 Summer 2007 Kharif 2007 Summer 2008 Kharif 2008 Kharif 2009 : Azimsulfuron 27.5 g a.i./ha + 0.2% surfactant 3.29 (10.33) 2.67 (6.67) 3.81 (13.99) 2.74 (7.33) 3.00 (9.00) - : Azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% 2.88 (7.83) 1.87 (3.00) 3.03 (9.00) 2.48 (5.67) 2.72 (7.00) 2.79 (7.33) : Azimsulfuron 35.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% surfactant (1.67) 2.26 (4.67) 1.86 (3.00) 2.34 (5.00) - + 1Hand weeding (0.00) 1.05 (0.67) 1.25 (1.67) : Butachlor 1.25 kg a.i./ha 5.24 (27.00) 6.75 (45.00) 6.76 (46.66) 2.65 (6.67) 3.22 (10.00) 3.51 (12.67) : 2,4-DEE 2.0 kg a.i./ha (6.00) 3.18 (9.67) 3.24 (10.33) : Hand weeding twice 4.49 (19.67) 4.41 (18.99) 5.67 (32.00) 2.09 (4.00) 2.10 (4.00) 1.60 (3.67) : Weedy check (124.67) (182.33) (255.67) (160.0) (151.67) (172.00) S.Em ± CD 5% Table 2 : Total weed dry weight (g/ 0.25m 2 ) at 45 days after application as influenced by different weed control treatments in transplanted rice. Treatments Kharif 2006 Summer 2007 Kharif 2007 Summer 2008 Kharif 2008 Kharif 2009 : Azimsulfuron 27.5 g a.i./ha + 0.2% surfactant 1.78 (2.66) 1.19 (0.92) 1.48 (1.69) 1.19 (0.93) 1.16 (0.84) - : Azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% 1.69 (2.35) 1.07 (0.64) 1.38 (1.40) 1.16 (0.77) 1.07 (0.66) 1.22 (1.05) : Azimsulfuron 35.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% surfactant (0.46) 1.24 (1.04) 0.99 (0.48) 0.95 (0.42) Hand weeding (0.00) 0.72 (0.02) 0.85 (0.26) : Butachlor 1.25 kg a.i./ha 2.56 (6.07) 1.73 (2.48) 1.62 (2.12) 1.12 (0.75) 1.15 (0.83) 1.47 (1.71) : 2,4-DEE 2.0 kg a.i./ha (0.82) 1.49 (1.72) 1.29 (1.42) : Hand weeding twice 1.70 (2.39) 0.98 (0.46) 0.93 (8.97) 0.79 (0.13) 0.81 (0.15) 1.01 (0.52) : Weedy check 3.42 (11.21) 3.08 (8.96) 1.62 (2.12) 2.90 (7.94) 1.76 (7.11) 3.49 (12.45) S.Em ± CD 5%

4 242 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Table 3 : Grain yield (kg/ha) of transplanted rice as influenced by different weed control treatments. Treatments Kharif 2006 Summer 2007 Kharif 2007 Summer 2008 Kharif 2008 Kharif 2009 Mean : Azimsulfuron 27.5 g a.i./ha + 0.2% surfactant : Azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% surfactant : Azimsulfuron 35.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% surfactant Hand weeding : Butachlor 1.25 kg a.i./ha : 2,4-DEE 2.0 kg a.i./ha : Hand weeding twice : Weedy check S.Em ± CD 5% Table 4 : Straw yield (kg/ha) of transplanted rice as influenced by different weed control treatments. Treatments Kharif 2006 Summer 2007 Kharif 2007 Summer 2008 Kharif 2008 Kharif 2009 Mean : Azimsulfuron 27.5 g a.i./ha + 0.2% surfactant : Azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% surfactant : Azimsulfuron 35.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% surfactant Hand weeding : Butachlor 1.25 kg a.i./ha : 2,4-DEE 2.0 kg a.i./ha : Hand weeding twice : Weedy check S.Em ± CD 5%

5 1.25 kg a.i./ha, and at par with hand weeding twice. During 2008 and 2009, Azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha (19 DAT) % S followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT recorded significantly lowest total weed dry weight ( g/ 0.25 m 2 ) among all the herbicidal treatments and was as good as hand weeding twice. The results were in conformity with the findings of Saini (2003). Grain and straw yield of rice Butachlor 1.25 kg a.i./ha recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield during kharif 2006 (6084 and 6835 kg/ha, respectively) than azimsulfuron g a.i./ha (Table 3-4). During summer 2007, azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% S recorded significantly maximum grain and straw yield (6136 and 6862 kg/ha, respectively) while during kharif 2007, azimsulfuron 35.0 g a.i./ Vol. 45, No. 3, 2011 REFERENCES 243 ha + 0.2% S gave the highest grain and straw yield (6078 and 6626 kg/ha, respectively). Azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% S followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT recorded highest grain yield (6834, 6683, 6102 and 6540 kg/ha in summer 2008, kharif 2008, kharif 2009, respectively) and straw yield (7008, 7030, 6494 and 6844 kg/ha in summer 2008, kharif 2008, kharif 2009, respectively). The findings of the investigations are in line with the findings of Kathirvelan and Vaiyapuri (2003). Thus, it is inferred from the above study that application of azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha (19 DAT) % surfactant followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT was found to be superior in producing higher grain and straw yield of transplanted rice by effective control of weeds. Bhattacharya, S. P., Saha, M., Mondal, L. and Pal, S. (2004) Biological efficacy of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9 % EC on weed management in transplanted rice. Environ. and Ecol., 22(Spl-3): Kathirvelan, P. and Vaiyapuri, V. (2003) Relative efficacy of herbicides in transplanted rice. Ind. J. Weed Sci., 35(3&4): Natarajan, S. and Kuppusamy, G. (2001) Weed management in transplanted rice. J. Ecobiol., 13(3): Ramphool, P., Pandey, P.C. and Bisht, P.S. (2007) Performance of trisulfuron, trisulfuron + Pretilachlor and Bensulfuronmethyl in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J. weed Sci., 39(1 & 2): Saini, J.P. (2003) Efficacy of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl against mixed weed flora in transplanted rice. Pesticide Res. J., 15(2):