Broadacre Technical manual. Stop them dead halt the spread. Aphid control in cereals and canola

Transcription

1 Broadacre Technical manual Stop them dead halt the spread Aphid control in cereals and canola

2 Introduction Costly little suckers Aphids can suck the profitability right out of your crop. Their feeding has a direct effect on thrift and crop yield, but this is just the beginning of the trouble aphids can cause. When feeding they secrete a honeydew which attracts sooty mould and can ultimately downgrade crops. Aphid feeding and movement is also the principal way that viruses are spread through crops. Viruses such as Beet Western Yellows Virus and Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus can cause significant yield loss and economic damage. Insecticide resistance should be top of mind when it comes to controlling aphids, in particular the green peach aphid which is resistant to more insecticides than any other species. With Transform WG insecticide, you can take back control of your crop and stop viruses in their tracks.

3 What is Transform? Transform is a new systemic insecticide with a novel mode of action for controlling sap-feeding (sucking) insects. Transform controls aphids and greenhouse whiteflies resistant to other insecticides. Transform is soft on beneficial insects (i.e. it is IPM compatible) and can be used in systems which rely on beneficial insects (predators and parasitoids) to help control pests. Transform has a favourable ecotoxicology profile and is not persistent in the environment. Features Transform insecticide... Contains 500 g/kg Isoclast active as a wettable granule. Has excellent contact, systemic and translaminar activity. Is fast-acting, with rate-dependent residual control. Is effective against insects which are resistant to other insecticides; a rotational partner with other chemistries. Is approved for use in many crops. Has an excellent fit in IPM programs because it has minimal impact on beneficial insects and predatory mites. Can be applied by ground-rig or by air in cereals and canola.

4 How does it work? Transform is a nicotinic receptor agonist which exhibits complex and unique interactions with the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachr). Mobility of Transform within the plant Transform is a systemic insecticide that moves upwards and outwards via the xylem. It does not travel downwards in the plant (i.e. it is not phloem mobile). Transform has excellent translaminar properties Transform has excellent translocation properties Treat upper leaf surface Kill aphid here Kill aphid on lower leaf surface Treat here Transmission of viruses in cereals and canola Throughout southern and western Australia viruses are widespread in oilseed and cereal crops where they can cause significant yield loss and economic damage. Depending on the species affected, the severity, type, and timing of the virus infection, up to 100% yield loss can occur. Aphid feeding is the principal way that viruses are spread through crops (it is also spread through seeds). The green peach aphid alone is known to transmit over 100 viruses including Beet Western Yellows Virus in canola, whilst Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in cereals is primarily spread by corn aphid and oat aphid. Rapid knockdown of aphids has been identified as an important factor in reducing both the feeding damage caused by aphids and the spread of viruses.

5 aphid knock-down with Transform The photos below illustrate the speed of knockdown of Transform on aphids. Transform insecticide applied to canola infested with green peach aphids Canola crop infested with green peach aphid The same crop a few hours later showing aphid knockdown on the ground Transform insecticide applied to cabbages infested with cabbage aphids (6 hours after application) Untreated Photo: R. Annetts (DAS) Treated with Transform Photo: R. Annetts (DAS)

6 Trial results Control of green peach aphid in Western Australian canola crops days after application Aphids (per 15 leaves) Untreated 48 g/ha Pirimor 500 g/ha Dimethoate 1 L/ha Treatment days after application Aphids (per 15 leaves) Untreated 48 g/ha Pirimor 500 g/ha Dimethoate 1 L/ha Treatment Untreated canola plant showing the level of infestation in the WA trial.

7 Trial results Control of oat aphid 1 trial DAA Percentage control of Oat aphid DAA 14 DAA 21 DAA 28 DAA Photos: R. Annetts (DAS) 0 24 g/ha 48 g/ha Dominex DUO 125 ml/ha Pirimor 300 g/ha Treatment Control of cereal aphid 1 trial Percentage control of Rhopalosiphum spp g/ha 48 g/ha Dominex DUO 125 ml/ha Rogor 500 ml/ha Pirimor 500 g/ha 3 DAA 7 DAA 14 DAA 21 DAA Photos: R. Annetts (DAS) Treatment

8 Trial results Control of cabbage aphid 4 trials DAA Percentage control of Cabbage aphid g/ha 96 g/ha Pirimor 250 g/ha 7 DAA 14 DAA 21 DAA Treatment Untreated Pirimor 250 g/ha Transform 48 g/ha

9 Insect Resistance In 2014, canola growers in South Australia, Victoria and ew South Wales were inundated with Green peach aphid and Beet Western Yellows Virus. This event showed that resistance has so severely impacted the effectiveness of organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids and carbamates that they cannot be relied on to give control of green peach aphid. Genetic testing conducted at the time confirms that green peach aphid populations are resistant to all 3 chemicals. The key ingredient in Transform, Isoclast active has no reported resistance issues and will control green peach aphid and other aphid species resistant to other chemicals. It is important that the use of Transform, and other new products, is managed to avoid the resistance issues which have befallen the older products. Responsible use of new chemistries such as Transform will ensure that it forms part of an effective insect management program for many years to come. Insect management programs that delay or prevent the onset of insect resistance involve some or all of the following actions: Rotating between products from different groups of chemistry that have different modes of action. Limiting the number of sprays of any single product the product label will usually state the number of applications permitted per crop. When targeting aphids, don t use the same product or products with the same mode of action consecutively. If a product fails to give the expected level of control, do not re-apply it. Instead, rotate to a product with a different mode of action. Using only label rates. Using rates lower than those recommended on the label may leave survivors containing the genes that convey resistance, and these could become prevalent in the population. All insecticides in Australia are labelled according to their mode of action group. The front panel of the label always has a section like the one below. GROUP 4 ISECTICIDE Products which have the same mode of action are grouped together and assigned the same number. Where modes of action are closely related and yet significantly different in some way, a subgroup is created and the number is followed by a letter. GROUP 4C ISECTICIDE

10 What s different about Group 4C? ew chemical class (sulfoximines). Isoclast active interacts with the insecticidal target site differently from all other products. There is no cross-resistance between Isoclast active and existing insecticides. The lack of cross-resistance is mostly due to lack of metabolic breakdown. These Group 4A neonicotinoids all have an amino group bonded to a ring via a single carbon atom. As shown below, the chemical structures all overlap at this site. Thus, they are all susceptible to breakdown by alpha-amino oxidation enzymes in insects. Isoclast active (Group 4C) chemistry is fundamentally different. Isoclast active does not possess an alpha-amino group. There is a sulphur atom in that place. Isoclast active is not susceptible to the same enzymatic breakdown that operates in neonicotinoid-resistant insects. Cl Cl S Acetamiprid Isoclast active Cl Cl S Cl Cl S Imidacloprid Thiacloprid Cl Cl S Cl Cl S Clothianidin Thiamethoxam

11 Impact on Beneficial Insects Transform is soft on beneficial arthropod and has a favourable ecotoxicology profile when compared with many currently used insecticides. Total beneficial arthropods Beneficial insects (per m crop row) Untreated 96 g/ha Treatment 144 g/ha Decis Options 180 ml/ha I Coleoptera I Hemiptera I Hymenoptera (wasps) I Hymenoptera (ants) I europtera I Spiders Beneficial/Predatory species presented only. Summary of two seasons trials; Transform rates varied in different years trials. 5 applications, 7-14 days apart. Honey bee safety Transform is toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment. Transform is safer to bees than many other insecticides and has not been implicated in colony collapse disorder. Transform should not be applied while bees are actively foraging. Apply early in the morning or in the evening when bees are not present. Bees are not affected by dried spray deposits. 1.0 Contact LD50 (µg/bee) Deltamethrin Fipronil Esfenvalerate Cypermethrin Lambda-cyhalothrin Clothianidin Treatment Imidacloprid Dimethoate Isoclast active (Transform WG) Diafenthiuron

12 Directions for use RESTRAITS: DO OT apply more than twice to cereals and canola, or more than 4 times to soybeans. To delay the development and spread of insect resistance it is important to rotate between Mode of Action groups. DO OT apply consecutive applications of products from the same Mode of Action group as Transform (Group 4C). When targeting aphids, DO OT apply consecutive applications of Transform insecticide. DO OT use rotary atomisers when applying aerially. ote: Monitor crops for pest species by regular field scouting. Target sprays against insect populations when they exceed threshold levels. Repeated applications at day intervals as new infestations occur. Crop Pest Rate (g/ha) Critical comments Canola Cereals: Wheat and barley (only up to flag leaf stage) Soybeans Aphids (including cabbage aphid, green peach aphid and turnip aphid) Aphids (including oat aphid and corn aphid as vectors of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus), grain aphid, rose grain aphid and green peach aphid 48 + wetting agent Soybean aphid Greenhouse whitefly The 1st application can be made anytime up to full flowering (50% flowers open on the main raceme) and, if required, a 2nd application can be made no later than 14 days after full flowering. DO OT make more than 2 applications per crop. DO OT use on canola grown as a forage crop and DO OT use on dual-use canola prior to grazing. Do not make more than 2 applications per crop. Do not apply to crop later than the flag leaf stage. Use higher rate under heavy aphid infestations and/or when water volume is reduced, such as with aerial application. 1 Some species of aphids tend to infest cereal plants at the base of the plant, often inside the leaf sheath and below the soil surface. These entrenched aphids at the base of the plant may not be adequately controlled by Transform. Use higher rate when canopy closure may adversely affect application coverage. 192 Ensure accurate species identification. 1 Apply by air using a minimum water volume of 30 L/ha. 2 Addition of a wetting agent may improve control under less than ideal application conditions. Use the wetter according to its label directions. Please note that if a Group 4A product has been used as a seed treatment, ideally Transform should not be the next aphicide used.

13 Application Thorough coverage of the crop is essential. Increase water volume in line with the crop growth stage. Do not apply when conditions are unsuitable for water-based spray application, such as high temperatures, strong winds, inversion conditions, imminent rain or any conditions that may reduce the quality of spray coverage or result in excessive spray drift should be avoided. Techniques to minimise drift should be employed at all times when aerially applying Transform near sensitive areas. If a wetting agent is to be added, use a proven product from a reputable source. Water Rates Ground spraying Apply in a minimum of 50 L/ha of water. Increase spray volumes as the crop grows. Aerial spraying Apply in a minimum of 30 L/ha of water. DO OT apply with spray droplets smaller than a MEDIUM spray droplet size category. Transform should not be applied by ULV methods.

14 Compatibility Transform is a wettable granule formulation. Transform is physically compatible with a wide range of crop protection products, but biological compatibility of tank-mixtures has not been confirmed in the field. Spray water should be taken from a clean source and be in the ph range 5-9. Care should be taken when tank-mixing products (including adjuvants and foliar fertilisers), especially with bore water as it may be excessively cold, hard or soft. Take care when using dam or river water as it may have a high sediment load. A bucket test is always advisable. + + The order of addition to the spray tank should be: - Water conditioners (e.g. ph adjusters) if required - Transform (and any other SC, WG or WP formulations) - ECs and oils - Water soluble products - Wetting agents (where required) Remember: In a bucket test, always use the appropriate ratios of products and the water intended for use to replicate what will happen in the spray tank.

15 Rainfastness Transform is systemic in the plant and moves rapidly into the plant leaf tissue where it is protected from wash-off. Rainfall before the spray is completely dry or within two hours of application, may wash Transform insecticide from treated plant surfaces and result in reduced insect control. Selectivity Transform is a wettable granule, contains no solvents and is very safe to all crops when applied according to label directions. This includes applications made with wetting agents (and other adjuvants). Dow AgroSciences advises that no adjuvants should be added when tank-mixing Transform with other products, until these mixes are proven to be safe in properly conducted research trials. Dow AgroSciences does not currently endorse any specific tankmixes until crop selectivity has been proven in the field. For the most up-to-date information, contact your consultant, agronomist or Dow AgroSciences representative. Withholding Periods Canola and cereals: ot required when use as directed. Soybeans: DO OT harvest within 14 days after last application. DO OT graze or cut cereals or canola for stockfeed for 14 days after application. DO OT graze or cut soybeans for stockfeed for 7 days after application.

16 For more information contact your local Dow AgroSciences representative on TOLL FREE or visit orthern Qld Ken Springall Central Qld Graham Fossett SW Qld & W SW Emma Twine SE Qld & E SW Rosanna Common Hunter-ew England SW Jon Dadd Central & western SW Dan Cornally South-east SW & ACT Alex Wiggs South-west SW Brad Davis Western Vic Ben Whykes Central & north-west Vic Ben Hall South-east Vic & Tas Gregg Baynon South-east SA Chris Brown Yorke Peninsula & northern SA Hugh Mayo Eyre Peninsula SA Scott Blacker Southern WA TBA Central Wheat Belt WA Linda Viviers orthern WA Emilie Guillotte T & Kimberley Richard Jackman Toll free Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company ( Dow ) or an affiliated company of Dow. Rogor is a registered trademark. Decis-Options and Movento are Registered Trademarks of Bayer. Chess and Pirimor are registered trademarks of a Syngenta group company. Dominex is the registered trademark of FMC Corporation.