New technological development for utilization of marine resources

Transcription

1 Beijing June 3 rd, ICEST 2014 New technological development for utilization of marine resources Dr. Karl A. Almås CEO, SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, Norway Vice President, Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences 1

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3 Traditional marine activities 3

4 Emerging marine activities (1) Deep sea technology Ocean mining Arctic operations Greener, smarter and safer shipping 4

5 Emerging marine activities (2) Renewable energy Aquaculture Environmental monitoring Novel concepts, bioprospecting, biomimetics 5

6 Global challenges Planet ocean for food production! 6

7 Why increase food production in the sea? Land Water Sea Energy Total bio production 50/50 Human consumption 98/2 Temperature 7

8 Seafood in perspective Carbon footprints (Norway) Herring Mackerel Haddock Cod Salmon Chicken Pork Beef Greenhouse Gas emissions (kg CO 2 e/kg edible part at slaughter/landing) 8

9 Fish as future food resource Fish consumption 10

10 How can technology contribute to keep wild catch stable? 11

11 Energy in the food chain Future fishery Energy "subsidies": Source: Prof Anders Endal, NTNU Future aquaculture

12 Harvesting copepods a future industry? The Calanus finmarchicus is available in huge amounts in the North-East Atlantic Annual biomass is estimated to approx 120 million tonnes. Compared to cod: ~40 times more Calanus Calanus finmarchicus (Photo: Dag Altin, BioTrix) High value ingredients Lipids and protein Main problem during harvesting is by-catch of fish juveniles Calanus catches in trial fishery (Photo: Snorre Angell, Calanus AS).

13 Average calanus biomass transport (Feb-Sept) Fram strait: 30 million t/yr Barents Sea Opening: 15 million t/yr

14 Mesopelagic species globally Distribution of mesopelagic fish globally

15 Mesopelagic species in Peru and Oman/Iran 4 S 84 W 82 W 80 W A 84 W 82 W 80 W 78 W 76 W 74 W 72 W 70 W Pto. Pizarro Zorritos B Pta. Sal 4 S Cabo Blanco Talara Paita Pta. Gobernador 6 S Parachique Pta. La Negra Mórrope Legend S Pimentel Chérrepe Volume of schools (m3) : 8 S Pacasmayo Chicama Trujillo Salaverry Punta Chao 5 m3 a m m3 a m m3 a m m3 a m3 8 S Chimbote Casma Echointegration NASC (m2/mn2) : 10 S Punta Lobos Huarmey S Punta Bermejo Supe Huacho Isohaline : 35.1 ups Chancay Depth (fathoms) : 12 S Callao 100 fathoms 12 S Pucusana Cerro Azul 14 S Tambo de Mora Pisco Bahía Independencia 14 S Punta Infiernillos Punta Caballas San Juan 16 S Chala Atico Ocoña 16 S Quilca Mollendo Pta. El Carmen Ilo 18 S M. Sama L.Palos 18 S 84 W 82 W 80 W 84 W 82 W 80 W 78 W 76 W 74 W 72 W 70 W Spatial distribution of vinciguerria: (A) according to total echointegration by sampling units ; (B) according to volume of detected fish schools only, where every one of four classes represents 25% in number of detected schools Geographical distribution of Vicinguerria off the coast of Peru. Source: Gutierrez et al 2003 Distribution of Mesopelagic fish in the Gulf of Oman. Source: T. Valinassab, 2007.

16 Mesopelagic fish technological challenges Development of fishing gear Lowering risk for catch damage Flexible operation patterns Development of on-board processes Cooling rates Pumping conditions Hydrolyses? Huge vertical migration of mesopelagic species.. Source: Gutierrez et al

17 Evolution of the global near-surface ocean temperature from 1850 to 2012: annual figures and the range of uncertainty. 19

18 New economic and scientific opportunities opening up in the Arctic up in the Arctic 20

19 How can technology contribute to develop global aquaculture production? 21

20 Aquaculture technology 22

21 Challenges in salmon production Illustr: Aqualine Increasingly larger farms Circumference m More than fish in one single cage cages at one site More than tons at one location Served by 5 men 1000 tons of fish in one single net cage equivalent to 2200 cows!

22 Multi level problem and approach Biology Operations Feeding Equipment Logistics HSE 24

23 Blue blue sector collaboration to increase innovation Transfer of knowledge, competence and solutions Operations in the wave zone Offshore wind Synergies in collaboration Reliability and operability Risk management and design Challenges and constrain Operational limits for feeding Operational limits for handling, delousing and changing nets Transfer of fish Biological limits Existing, closed containment or offshore Need several kind of solutions Illustration: Ocean Farming/Salmar 25

24 Ocean Fish Farming Illustration: Ocean Farming/Salmar Foto/illustrasjonsrettigheter må angis ved bruk

25 Ocean Fish Farming Illustration: Ocean Farming/Salmar Foto/illustrasjonsrettigheter må angis ved bruk

26 Next generation Well-boat Technology Biosecurity, efficiency, fish welfare, gentle fish handling and the environment Closed water systems cleaning and disposal Pharmaceutical treatments Improvement of the interaction with fish farms DP (dynamic positioning) systems and other navigational aid 28

27 Ocean Fish Farming Diameter 110 m, operating draft 42 m an a total height 67 m. The production volume is 8 times the volume of a standard fish farm. Foto/illustrasjonsrettigheter Illustration: Ocean må Farming/Salmar angis ved bruk

28 Offshore - exposed fish farming : Evolution rather than revolution Search for more space and stable water conditions Temperate, oxygen, salinity Fewer and larges farms Expanding existing systems towards the open ocean Existing traditional farming equipment for Hs above 3 m Definition - class 1 to 4 Present status Class 3 - Exposed Durations of weather time to operate Reliability and operability

29 Some realistic possibilities for co-use of space 1. Aquaculture operations with no or limited interactions like farming of seaweed and mussels (self feeding aquaculture) 2. Aquaculture operations which require supply of feed, like finfish and crustaceans (fed aquaculture) 3. Artificial reefs provide breeding grounds and juvenile habitats The wind farm structure Seaweed farms Specially designed structures Common use of personnel and vessels Installation and operations Infrastructure for feed storage Mooring and attachment Political good will 31

30 Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Intensive fed aquaculture (salmon) Filtering species culture (mussels) Photosynthetic aquaculture (seaweed) 32

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