How is this crop irrigated?

Transcription

1 Name this crop

2

3 How is this crop irrigated?

4 Irrigation Water Surface Well Municipal

5 Microbial Water Testing Irrigation Water Surface 3x/year Well 1x/year (During Production) Municipal 1x/year

6

7 Name this Crop

8

9

10 Commercial Arizona Cantaloupe: Field Packed

11

12

13

14

15

16 Name this Crop

17

18

19 Arizona Farm Auditing Program Good Agricultural Practices and Good Handling Practices Audit Verification Program Kurt Nolte Stewart Jacobson Karen Edwards

20 Why Certification? Not required by the law.yet Minimize the Risk of Food Borne Pathogens within Specialty Crops. Public Safety

21 Why Certification? Not required by the law.yet Minimize the Risk of Food Borne Pathogens within Specialty Crops. Public Safety Buyer-driven Produce buyers want food safety programs Grocery chains, restaurants, distributors Improved Marketability Approved AZ Food Source

22

23 Food Safety and Farmers Markets August, 2011 News emerges of an outbreak of E. Coli 0157:H7 traced to Oregon strawberries, sickening 15 in a five-county area. The Oregon Department of Health responds rapidly, tracing the berries to Jaquith Farm, from which they were resold at retail outlets, farm stands, and farmers markets in the region. The incident is a case in point why training and education are paramount for small and mid-scale producers. Customers deserve to know exactly what they are buying, and farmers markets are responsible for earning and maintaining consumer trust in the direct relationships with local farmers, says Stacy Miller, Executive Director of the Farmers Market Coalition.

24 November, 2006

25 The 2006 Outbreak September, 2006 FDA issues do not eat order Over 200 illnesses traced to California grown spinach At least 3 people died of E. coli 0157:H7

26 The 2006 Outbreak Determination Samples of river water, wild pig feces, and cattle feces tested positive for the outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7

27 The 2006 Outbreak Determination Samples of river water, wild pig feces, and cattle feces tested positive for the outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7 Feces of nearby, open range cattle were found on fields where the contaminated organically produced spinach was grown

28 The 2006 Outbreak Determination Samples of river water, wild pig feces, and cattle feces tested positive for the outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7 Feces of nearby, open range cattle were found on fields where the contaminated organically produced spinach was grown It was determined that feral pigs were entering cattle pastures and came in contact with contaminated cattle feces

29 The 2006 Outbreak Determination Samples of river water, wild pig feces, and cattle feces tested positive for the outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7 Feces of nearby, open range cattle were found on fields where the contaminated organically produced spinach was grown It was determined that feral pigs were entering cattle pastures and came in contact with contaminated cattle feces In addition to their own feces, feral pigs entering spinach fields had contaminated cattle feces on their fur which lead to the cause of the outbreak

30 The 2006 Outbreak Impact on California and Arizona leafy green industry Sales plummeted up to $650 M in losses A dramatic wake-up call for the industry Food safety standards were high, but the industry recognized that it could do better

31 Arizona Leafy Green Marketing Agreement California and Arizona are the only 2 states where leafy greens are grown under a unparalleled collection of guidelines The LGMA will likely become the production model for leafy green growers in the US

32 Environmental Impact Water Quality Field Management Arizona Leafy Green Marketing Agreement UA Field Level, Fresh Produce Safety Research Jorge Fonseca Charles Sanchez Kurt Nolte Chuck Gerba Channah Rock Kelly Bright Sadhana Ravishankar Jeong-Yeol Yoon

33 Significant Field-Level Safety Innovations Irrigation water metrics Animal intrusion metrics Reliable and inexpensive rapid methods of microbial assessments Traceability Behavioral Change Overall risk evaluation Arizona GHP/GAP & Audits

34 Why Certification? Not required by the law.yet Minimize the Risk of Food Borne Pathogens within Specialty Crops. Public Safety Buyer-driven Produce buyers want food safety programs Grocery chains, restaurants, distributors Improved Marketability Approved AZ Food Source GROWER Protection

35 2006 Criminal Investigation Timeline October 1, Legal experts say the companies do not need to have known that their products were contaminated to be convicted of criminal charges, only negligent in their duties to keep tainted foods from the market USAToday.com 2. NYTimes.com 3. Ecnext.com

36 2006 Criminal Investigation Timeline October 1, Legal experts say the companies do not need to have known that their products were contaminated to be convicted of criminal charges, only negligent in their duties to keep tainted foods from the market. 1 October 6, FBI investigated allegations that certain spinach growers and distributors may not have taken all necessary or appropriate steps to ensure that their spinach was safe before they were placed into the food chain USAToday.com 2. NYTimes.com 3. Ecnext.com

37 2006 Criminal Investigation Timeline October 1, Legal experts say the companies do not need to have known that their products were contaminated to be convicted of criminal charges, only negligent in their duties to keep tainted foods from the market. 1 October 6, FBI investigated allegations that certain spinach growers and distributors may not have taken all necessary or appropriate steps to ensure that their spinach was safe before they were placed into the food chain. 2 October 7, Processors operated a food-safety program in which small-scale farmers provided health and safety inspections and maintained databases of GAP/GHP audit reports. The company turned over these audit reports to the FDA and FBI USAToday.com 2. NYTimes.com 3. Ecnext.com

38 2006 Criminal Investigation Timeline June 27, The U.S. Attorney General s office has determined that criminal charges are not warranted in the 2006 E. coli outbreak linked to fresh, bagged California spinach. Pritzkerlaw.com

39 2006 Criminal Investigation Timeline June 27, The U.S. Attorney General s office has determined that criminal charges are not warranted in the 2006 E. coli outbreak linked to fresh, bagged California spinach. Those involved in the sale of the spinach showed sufficient written food safety documentation that eliminated grower/shipper negligence. Pritzkerlaw.com

40 Criminal Charges, 1996 NOT Related to the 2006 Outbreak In 1996, an E. coli outbreak linked to organic lettuce did lead to criminal charges for violating food-safety laws Pritzkerlaw.com

41 Criminal Charges, 1996 NOT Related to the 2006 Outbreak In 1996, an E. coli outbreak linked to organic lettuce did lead to criminal charges for violating food-safety laws In that case, an E. coli outbreak in the Eastern United States was traced back to Fancy Cutt Farms in California Pritzkerlaw.com

42 Criminal Charges, 1996 NOT Related to the 2006 Outbreak In 1996, an E. coli outbreak linked to organic lettuce did lead to criminal charges for violating food-safety laws In that case, an E. coli outbreak in the Eastern United States was traced back to Fancy Cutt Farms in California According to the criminal complaint, organically grown lettuce was processed in unsanitary conditions that led to bacterial contamination Pritzkerlaw.com

43 Criminal Charges, 1996 NOT Related to the 2006 Outbreak In 1996, an E. coli outbreak linked to organic lettuce did lead to criminal charges for violating food-safety laws In that case, an E. coli outbreak in the Eastern United States was traced back to Fancy Cutt Farms in California According to the criminal complaint, organically grown lettuce was processed in unsanitary conditions that led to bacterial contamination The company was rinsing lettuce in dirty, bacteria-laden water close to cattle. It was believed that dust-borne manure contaminated with E. coli got into the rinsing water Pritzkerlaw.com

44

45 What is the GAP/GHP Program? Good agricultural practices (GAPs) encompasses the general procedures growing and harvesting of crops. Good Handling Practices (GHPs) refers to all postharvest procedures including washing, packing, storage, repacking and distribution. Nomenclature Quirks Some use GAPs as a comprehensive term For others, GHP/GAP is a term which describes the food safety programs.

46 PREVENTION is the Key to Reducing Microbial Contamination of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

47 US Produce Safety Programs AZLGMA Strict Industry GAPs USDA Harmony Gap USDA Global GAP USDA GHP/GAP Lenient

48 US Produce Safety Programs AZLGMA Strict Industry GAPs USDA Harmony Gap USDA Global GAP USDA GHP/GAP Lenient

49 History of GAP/GHP Audits FDA and USDA issue The Guide to Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Wholesalers want assurance Shippers and Growers approach USDA to develop an audit system Result: GAP/GHP Audit system was developed by USDA and FDA

50 Audits Six components Plus a general questions section that must be passed first in order to move on to one or all of the six components Must score a minimum of 80% to pass

51 If you did not RECORD IT, you did not do it Record keeping allows you to keep track of farming operations and worker training. Record keeping documents your activities should this information ever be required. Use log sheets for daily activities.

52 Audit Components D = Documentation R = Record P = Procedure

53 Policies, Documents and Records A policy, P indicates that a policy/standard operating procedure (SOP) must be included in the food safety plan. Policy Examples: Workers will shower daily Eating and smoking are confined to designated areas Gloves will not be taken to the restroom Wearing Jewelry is prohibited Long hair must be tied back and contained within a hair net Product containers are not intended for personal use

54 Policies, Documents and Records A document, D indicates that a document(s) is required. A document may be a combination of a company policy and a record indicating that a particular action was taken. Policy (example): Restrooms will be cleaned every 2 hours. Document shows adherence to policy.

55 Policies, Documents and Records A record, R indicates that a record is required to be kept showing an action was taken.

56 Seven Components General Questions (all audits) Part 1: Field Production Part 2: Field Harvesting & Field Packing Part 3: Packing and Processing Facilities Part 4: Storage and Transportation Part 5*: Traceability (Embedded within all other parts) Part 6: Wholesale Distribution/Warehouse Part 7: Preventative Food Security Procedures *Traceback questions are incorporated into each component.*

57 General Questions Mandatory component of all audits Covers employee & visitor hygiene practices Training of employees Sanitation of farm/facility Traceability

58 Part 1 Field Production Water Manure Animal/Wildlife Land Use

59 Part 2 Field Harvest and Field Packing Field Sanitation Field Harvesting and Transportation

60 Part 3 Packing & Processing Facilities Water use Packing Line Operation and Sanitation General Facility Sanitation

61 Part 4 Storage and Transportation Containers and Pallets Pest Control Temperature Control Transportation/Loading

62 Part 5 - Traceability Contained within all other audit parts

63 Traceback One step forward, one step back If you had to identify a potentially contaminated load/lot/bin could you find out which field it came from, how much was picked, when it was picked, maybe by whom, and where it went? Documentation through record keeping

64 Part 6 Wholesale Distribution Center/ Warehouses

65 Part 7 Preventive Food Defense Procedures Based on FDA s Food Producers, Processors, and Transporters: Food Security Preventive Measures Guidance for Industry Audit-based

66 Automatic Failure Immediate food safety risk Presence of rodents, pets, etc. Employee practices that might jeopardize the safety of produce Falsification of records No Quality Manual (Question G-1) No one designated to oversee an established food safety program (Question G-2)

67 GHP/GAP Training UA/ADA Food Safety Plan Growers 3 rd Party Audit ADA USDA Certification

68 Small Farms Sales to end users within 275 miles= EXEMPT Average annual sales of all food <$500,000= EXEMPT Farmers markets, roadside stands, CSA s= EXEMPT Exemption withdrawn if foodborne illness is directly linked to exempted farm Food must be labeled w/farm identification--name and business address of the farm Does not preempt state/local food safety laws or buyer requirements

69 Audit Fees $92 per hour $50 administrative fee (each time) Billing starts when inspector leaves office until inspector returns to office Grants available Travel time can be shared between multiple producers in same area

70 GAP/GHP

71 Where to find GAP/GHP Audit Info USDA website University of Arizona website