Land Use and Soil Protection in Europe

Transcription

1 EUROSOIL Land Use and Soil Protection in Europe Luca Montanarella European Commission

2 Agriculture in Europe: Shaping the environment over the past 5000 years EUROSOIL

3 Human Impact in Europe EUROSOIL Source: CLC 2000

4 EU Policies shaping our landscapes EUROSOIL Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Direct payments Rural development plans Agro-environmental policies and regulations 6 th Environmental Action Programme EU Thematic Strategies Forest Focus Regulation Habitat Directive / Natura 2000 Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) European Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS) European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) European Forest Data Centre (EFDAC)

5 Understanding the full DPSIR framework for land and soil EUROSOIL DRIVING FORCES Atmosphere RESPONSES Biosphere LAND Hydrosphere PRESSURES Lithosphere STATE IMPACTS

6 An integrated spatial approach to the assessment of land resources in Europe EUROSOIL Spatial data Models Integrated assessments

7 Examples of applications and assessments: IRENA Agro-Environmental Indicators EUROSOIL Joint project between Commission (DG Agriculture, DG Environment, Eurostat, Joint Research Centre) and the European Environment Agency Important contribution of the Member States through consultation to Working Groups on Agri-Environment (Eurostat, EIONET ) Use of the Driving Force, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) analytical framework Analysis of results according to Agri-environmental storylines : Agricultural water use and water resources Input use and the state of water quality Land use, farm management and soils Climate change and air quality Biodiversity and landscape IRENA reporting level: EU-15 at NUTS 2/3

8 IRENA indicator 23 Soil erosion EUROSOIL Integrating large spatial data for European assessments: CORINE Land Cover High Resolution DEM European Soil Database MARS climate data

9 Soil Erosion in OECD countries is stable or decreasing EUROSOIL

10 IRENA indicator 29 Soil Quality EUROSOIL Model output Aggregated results Organic Carbon (%) No Data > Organic Carbon Gt Organic carbon content (%) in the surface horizon (0-30 cm) of soils National Soil Organic Carbon stocks (0-30cm) in Gt

11 Soil Quality for Europe EUROSOIL The soil quality loop Source: Tóth, G., Stolbovoy, V. and Montanarella, L., 2007

12 Forest FOCUS regulation BioSoil demonstration project EUROSOIL New soil sampling campaign on ca level I sites in forest

13 LUCAS A EUROPEAN LAND USE / COVER AREA FRAME STATISTICAL SURVEY EUROSOIL Image points Photo-Interpretation Ortho-Photos points Sampling Survey Stratum Arable Water Artificial Woodland Points uuuuu xxxxxx yyyyyy zzzzz Compute statistics

14 Human Impact in Europe Land Use/Land Cover Annual Statistics (LUCAS) EUROSOIL LUCAS 2003 Use km² % CV Km² % Agriculture ,8 0, ,4 Forestry ,7 1, ,1 Unused ,1 1, ,4 Transport, Communication, Storage, Protective W orks ,7 3, ,5 Residential ,5 4, ,4 Recreation, Leisure, Sport ,3 4, ,1 Community Services ,6 16, ,5 Fishing ,4 17, ,2 Mining, Quarrying ,3 22, ,5 Industry, Manufacturing ,2 16, ,8 Commerce, Finance, Business ,2 16, ,7 Construction ,2 23, ,4 Water, Waste Treatment ,1 21, ,4 Energy Production ,1 31, ,6 Total ,0 2001/2003

15 EUROSOIL

16 % Built-up area Human Impact in Europe Rapid urbanization of the rural population EUROSOIL = EU-15 Built-up area Population DK MT Group AC EU15 BE NL PL CZ DE 5.00 SK BG LV RO LT FI AT FR ES LU UK GR % Urban population

17 Copyright EEA, Copenhagen, 2005 Land take by several types of human activity per year in 23 European countries, EUROSOIL

18 Human Impact in Europe Extreme intensification of agriculture EUROSOIL Pre / Post 1800s HNV farmland biodiversity Intensive farmland Intensity of agriculture High Nature Value (HNV) farmland in Europe, source: EEA

19 Human Impact in Europe Extreme intensification of agriculture EUROSOIL

20 Mid-Term Review of the CAP EUROSOIL COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No. 1782/2003 of 29 September 2003 Soil Protection

21 Cross-compliance implementation by Member States EUROSOIL

22 Is cross-compliance successful? EUROSOIL

23 European Environmental Data Centers EUROSOIL JRC contribution to: Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS) European Environmental Data Centers (Go4) EEA Climate Change Water Air Land use Biodiversity DG ENV Data requirements EUROSTAT Waste Natural resources IPP JRC Soil Forest

24 Integrating data and different spatial scales: From the Local to the Global Scale - The European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) as a nested system of soil data centres EUROSOIL Data centers providing policy relevant soil information at different scales ICSU/ISRIC/FAO/UNEP 1:5,000,000 World Data Centre for Soil (WDC Soil) Operated by ISRIC on behalf of ICSU EU Member States Regions 1:1,000,000 1:250,000 1:50,000 European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) Operated by JRC National Soil Data Centre to be defined Regional Soil Data Centre to be defined Communes Soil Monitoring Sites

25 Conclusions EUROSOIL Land use practices and soil protection are intimately linked in a complex DPSIR framework. Current land use in Europe is strongly determined by existing policy frameworks. Precise quantitative relationships between policy drivers, land uses and soil degradation processes are still difficult to establish in Europe due to the lack of sufficient relevant soil data and information. New initiatives by the European Commission, like the SEIS and the environmental data centers as well as the new soil monitoring and land use assessment programmes like LUCAS-Soil, Biosoil, etc will allow to gain new knowledge into the actual status of soil degradation in Europe and its trends over time. The full implementation of the Soil Thematic Strategy will allow to achieve in the future the effective protection of the limited soil resources of Europe.

26 Thank you for your interest! EUROSOIL Unity in diversity