Acute Food Insecurity Situation in Sindh

Transcription

1 Acute Food Insecurity Situation in Sindh Results of IPC Food Insecurity Analysis for Jamshoro, Sanghar, Umerkot and Tharparkar Districts of Sindh IPC Global Partners With the support of

2 OBJECTIVES OF IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS Assess the acute food insecurity situation in 4 drought prone districts in Sindh (Jamshoro, Sanghar, Tharparkar and Umerkot) Classify areas based on the prevalence of acute food insecurity Identify major contributing factors to acute food insecurity Indicate implications for response planning

3 METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS Due to absence of recent secondary data for acute analysis, primary data was collected through Livelihood and Food Security Assessment (LFSA) during April/May 2017 Training on tool of LFSA from April 20-22, 2017 Data collection by experienced field staff of member organization of FSWG including Bureau of Statistics (BoS)-Sindh from April 23 to May 06, 2017 District teams supervised by experienced staff of BoS-Sindh Monitoring of data collection by staff of BoS-Sindh, FAO and WFP Data entry led by staff of FAO Data analysis by data analysts of IPC RSU, FAO, WFP and BoS Training on IPC Acute Analysis from May 18-21, 2017 IPC Acute Analysis workshop from May 22-24, 2017 IPC Acute Analysis Report - reviewed by IPC Regional and Global Support Unit Presentation of the IPC Acute findings presentation of results to different government and non-government workshops

4 INDICATORS USED IN IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS Food consumption-food consumption score, sources of food, minimum dietary diversity Expenditure on food Iodized salt consumption No. of meals eaten yesterday Household hunger score Child feeding- minimum dietary diversity, minimum meals frequency Health and Nutrition- Nutritional status (GAM status) of under 5 children, Nutritional status of PLW, prevalence of disability, distance to health facility, problems in accessing health care Assets- ownership of physical and productive assets Land- ownership and cultivation, sufficiency of own produced cereals, water availability for agriculture Livestock- ownership, deaths, sale Income quintiles Sources of Livelihood- agriculture, non-agriculture, sustainable, unsustainable Reduced coping strategies (rcsi) Livelihood coping strategies Debt- source, reasons, outstanding amount Migration Water- Access to improved sources of water, time to collect water, quality measures to improve water, Sanitation- Access to improved sanitation Exposure to natural shocks/hazards (flood, drought etc) Housing-ownership status, # of rooms, cooking fuel, access to electricity Assistance received

5 DATA SOURCES Livelihood and Food Security Assessment (LFSA) 2017 SMART Survey (Jamshoro, Tharparkar) National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) Crop Production Livestock Production Food Stocks Prices

6 KEY HIGHLIGHTS Of the total population in 4 districts, 26% is estimated to be in Phase 4 (Emergency Acute Food Insecurity) 24% in Phase 3 (Crisis Acute Food Insecurity) 23% in Phase 2 (Stressed Acute Food Insecurity) and 27% in Phase 1 (Minimal Acute Food Insecurity) Out of 4 districts analysed, 3 (Tharparkar, Jamshoro, and Sanghar) are classified as Phase 4 or Emergency Phase, because based on the analysis of outcome and contributing factors, 20% or more population in these district was in Phase 4. 1 district (Umerkot) is classified in Phase 3 or Crisis

7 IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY IN 4 DISTRICTS OF SINDH, PAKISTAN

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9 Avg. No of Acres of Land Owned and Cultivated Avg. No of Acres of Land Owned and Cultivated Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Non-arid area Desert/Arid area Land Ownership (Number of Acres of Agricultural Land Owned) Land Cultivation (Number of Acres Cultivated) Land Ownership (Number of Acres of Agricultural Land Owned) Land Cultivation (Number of Acres Cultivated)

10 Land Ownership Distribution (# of Acres) 13% 12% 6% 8% 7% 12% 5% 4% 8% 23% 8% 9% 5% 7% 5% 3% 8% 16% 6% 7% 8% 74% 68% 83% 61% 83% 80% 69% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Non-arid area Desert/Arid area District Arid/Non-arid Area 0 Acres 1-2 Acres 3-4 Acres 5+ Acres

11 2.4 Number of Months Owned Produced Cereals from Last Season were Sufficient for Household Consumption (Avg.) Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Non-arid area Desert/Arid area Women Men District Arid/Non-arid Area Gender of Head of Household Overall Number of Months Owned Produced Cereals from Last Season were Sufficient for Household Consumption 36% 11% 7% 45% Umerkot 57% 6% 1% 37% Tharparkar 7% 17% 16% 60% Sanghar 60% 12% 28% Jamshoro 60% 4% 35% >3 months 2-3 months 1 month No cereals stock available

12 Number of Months Own Produced Cereals from Last Season Were Sufficient for Household Consumption Desert/Arid area 17% 13% 11% 59% Non-arid area 68% 9% 23% >3 months 2-3 months 1 month No cereals stock available Number of Months Own Produced Cereals from Last Season Were Sufficient for Household Consumption Men 37% 11% 7% 45% Women 23% 15% 10% 52% >3 months 2-3 months 1 month No cereals stock available

13 Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot 1% 2% 3% 1% 6% 6% 4% 7% 5% 7% 10% 15% 14% 18% 13% 16% 9% 12% 9% 21% 18% 17% 17% 21% 21% 28% 26% 30% 35% 34% 47% 58% 67% 72% 92% Ownership of Livestock/Poultry by Households Cows Buffalos Camels Goats Sheep Donkeys Poultry birds

14 Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/Arid area 0% 1% 3% 1% 5% 2% 5% 13% 10% 8% 9% 6% 16% 12% 12% 13% 13% 11% 22% 28% 32% 32% 33% 32% 33% 60% 76% 88% Ownership of Livestock/Poultry by Households Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area Cows Buffalos Camels Goats Sheep Donkeys Poultry birds

15 0 Percentage of Livestock/Poultry Died During Past Six Months Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Percentage of Livestock/Poultry Died During Past Six Months Non-arid area Desert/Arid area Cows Buffalos Camels -27 Cows Buffalos Camels Goats Sheep Donkeys Goats Sheep Donkeys Poultry birds Poultry birds

16 Food Consumption Score 24% 44% 55% 40% 55% 50% 42% 47% 38% 30% 26% 25% 24% 25% 22% 27% 26% 28% 29% 19% 36% 46% 20% 28% 31% 27% 34% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/Arid Area District Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area Poor Borderline Acceptable

17 Women Men Unsustainable Sustainable Agriculture Non-Agriculture Very rich Rich Middle Poor Very poor Food Consumption Score 35% 45% 39% 46% 41% 60% 66% 50% 48% 33% 31% 32% 25% 33% 30% 24% 37% 27% 27% 26% 33% 25% 24% 14% 10% 24% 27% 26% 25% 29% 26% 38% 43% Gender of head of household Status of primary sources of livelihood Primary sources of livelihood Income Quintiles Poor Borderline Acceptable

18 Share of Food in Total Household Expenditure 41% 45% 29% 43% 46% 38% 41% 41% 41% 36% 29% 26% 28% 27% 32% 29% 30% 28% 20% 18% 26% 17% 17% 22% 19% 20% 19% 10% 11% 9% 11% 10% 7% 11% 10% 12% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/Arid Area District Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area < 50% 50%-65% 65%-75% >75%

19 Share of Food in Total Household Expenditure 33% 42% 47% 37% 43% 28% 26% 35% 28% 28% 30% 30% 27% 23% 19% 22% 16% 19% 9% 11% 9% 11% 9% 19% Women Men Unsustainable Sustainable Agriculture Non-Agriculture Gender of head of household Status of primary sources of livelihood Primary sources of livelihood < 50% 50%-65% 65%-75% >75%

20 Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/arid Area Women Men 30% Minimum Dietary Diversity of Women (MDD-W) based on 10 food groups 40% 39% 38% Minimum Dietary Diversity of Women (MDD- W) based on 10 food groups 29% 37% 23% 35% 29% 25% 17% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area Gender of head of household

21 Unsustainable Sustainable Agriculture Non-Agriculture Very rich Rich Middle Poor Very poor Minimum Dietary Diversity of Women (MDD-W) based on 10 food groups 49% 43% 28% 25% 34% 31% 28% 21% 33% Status of primary sources of livelihood Primary sources of livelihood Income Quintiles

22 Percentage of Children Age 6-23 Months with Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot

23 Household Hunger Score Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot % of households with HHS of 0 (None-Phase 1) % of households with HHS of 1 (Slight-Phase 2) % of households with HHS of 2-3 (Moderate-Phase 3) % of households with HHS of 4-6 (Severe-Phase 4)

24 Household Hunger Score Non-arid area Desert/arid Area Women Men Desert/Arid Status Gender of head of household % of households with HHS of 0 (None-Phase 1) % of households with HHS of 1 (Slight-Phase 2) % of households with HHS of 2-3 (Moderate-Phase 3) % of households with HHS of 4-6 (Severe-Phase 4)

25 Reduced Coping Strategies 30% 22% 27% 39% 32% 26% 31% 26% 34% 25% 20% 29% 25% 27% 19% 27% 28% 26% 45% 58% 44% 37% 41% 55% 42% 46% 39% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/Arid Area District Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area No/Low Medium High

26 Reduced Coping Strategies 40% 28% 30% 30% 32% 19% 19% 19% 26% 32% 22% 26% 62% 41% 45% 38% 49% 42% Women Men Unsustainable Sustainable Agriculture Non-Agriculture Gender of head of household Status of primary sources of livelihood Primary sources of livelihood No/Low Medium High

27 Livelihood Coping Strategies 34% 33% 30% 45% 29% 28% 35% 26% 42% 25% 21% 26% 22% 26% 37% 15% 23% 10% 30% 15% 10% 22% 22% 32% 28% 17% 21% 25% 26% 14% 26% 30% 18% 25% 23% 10% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/Arid Area District Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area HH not adopting coping strategies HH adopting crisis coping strategies HH adopting stress coping strategies HH adopting emergencies coping strategies

28 Livelihood Coping Strategies 36% 34% 42% 29% 36% 25% 27% 25% 24% 25% 25% 23% 25% 26% 21% 29% 26% 30% 13% 15% 13% 16% 14% 22% Women Men Unsustainable Sustainable Agriculture Non-Agriculture Gender of head of household Status of primary sources of livelihood Primary sources of livelihood HH not adopting coping strategies HH adopting crisis coping strategies HH adopting stress coping strategies HH adopting emergencies coping strategies

29 Distance to Food Markets 13% 16% 23% 14% 16% 14% 25% 9% 14% 58% 49% 49% 49% 12% 8% 31% 12% 14% 5% 14% 7% 16% 75% 57% 25% 16% 16% 43% 7% 19% 24% 51% 38% 14% 11% 37% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/Arid Area District Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area 0 to 5 KM 6 to 10 KM 11 to 20 KM >20 KM

30 3.3% 2.8% 2.0% 3.3% 4.0% 3.6% 4.3% 3.4% 11.5% 13.8% 16.7% 16.8% 16.0% 15.8% 17.8% 17.4% 20.1% 19.4% 20.1% 20.2% 19.6% 22.3% 22.2% 20.9% Prevalence of Malnutrition Among Children Age 6-59 Months Overall Jamshoro Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid Desert/arid District Urban/Rural Arid/Non-Arid Area Prevalence of SAM children Prevalence of MAM children Prevalence of GAM children

31 2.3% 3.5% 3.4% 3.1% 2.8% 3.6% 15.8% 16.9% 15.5% 16.0% 17.1% 19.3% 20.2% 18.6% 18.8% 20.7% 23.5% 25.8% Prevalence of Malnutrition Among Children Age 6-59 Months Women Men Unsustainable Sustainable Agriculture Non-Agriculture Gender of head of household Status of primary sources of livelihood Primary sources of livelihood Prevalence of SAM children Prevalence of MAM children Prevalence of GAM children

32 3.0% 2.8% 2.6% 3.3% 5.1% 15.2% 17.5% 16.7% 16.3% 18.3% 17.8% 20.3% 19.4% 19.6% 22.9% Prevalence of Malnutrition Among Children Age 6-59 Months Very rich Rich Middle Poor Very poor Income Quintiles Prevalence of SAM children Prevalence of MAM children Prevalence of GAM children

33 Overall Jamshoro Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/arid area Women Men Unsustainable Sustainable Agriculture Non-Agriculture Prevalence of Malnutrition Among PLW Prevalence of Malnutrition Among PLW 15.1% 13.9% 14.8% 16.6% 13.8% 15.4% 14.7% 15.3% 19.6% 14.5% 15.9% 17.1% 14.1% 10.2% District Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area Gender of head of household Status of primary sources of livelihood Primary sources of livelihood

34 Avg. Distance to Mostly Accessed Health Facilities (KMs) Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/arid area District Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area

35 Problems in Accessing Health Care 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/Arid area District Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area No problem Long distance High cost of services Transport not available Medicines not available

36 Type of Housing 3% 2% 3% 1% 4% 3% 2% 3% 2% 11% 22% 18% 14% 12% 10% 24% 35% 44% 19% 30% 37% 29% 33% 50% 36% 25% 28% 26% 21% 27% 23% 21% 18% 13% 20% 18% 41% 31% 22% 23% 27% 15% 20% 18% 17% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid Area Desert/Arid Area District Urban/Rural Area Desert/Arid Area Pakka hosue Semi pakka house Kacha House Chonra Wooden/Other

37 Female Male Unsustainable Sustainable Agriculture Non-Agriculture Very rich Rich Middle Poor Very poor Type of Housing 4% 3% 3% 2% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 3% 5% 9% 8% 20% 22% 17% 24% 22% 25% 19% 30% 18% 28% 25% 37% 32% 35% 22% 21% 20% 17% 23% 18% 26% 44% 38% 17% 11% 29% 23% 29% 28% 45% 27% 20% 29% 36% 35% 43% 23% 21% 14% 14% 14% 14% Gender of head of household Status of primary sources of livelihood Primary sources of livelihood Income Quintiles Pakka hosue Semi pakka house Kacha House Chonra Wooden/Other

38 Access to Water 22% 21% 18% 15% 22% 18% 12% 21% 18% 34% 27% 15% 17% 13% 29% 14% 24% 23% 25% 18% 11% 19% 23% 34% 26% 38% 49% 46% 12% 27% 32% 57% 34% 47% 12% 29% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid Area Desert/Arid Area District Urban/Rural Area Desert/Arid Area In the house/comound Less than 10 minutes walk minutes walk More than 30 minutes walk

39 Households Used Any Measure to Improve Quality of Drinking Water 50% 50% 52% 41% 46% 45% 40% 30% 19% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid Area Desert/Arid Area District Urban/Rural Area Desert/Arid Area

40 Type of Toilet 51% 43% 41% 62% 57% 32% 14% 55% 41% 61% 15% 5% 4% 7% 18% 15% 18% 5% 9% 8% 3% 4% 6% 26% 24% 12% 15% 3% 2% 5% 14% 2% 4% 11% 12% 3% 6% 7% 38% 15% 5% 4% 7% 13% 16% 5% 5% 8% 26% 14% 5% 3% 7% 10% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid Area Desert/Arid Area District Urban/Rural Area Desert/Arid Area Flush System (Linked to Sewerage Flush (Linked to Septic Tank) Flush (Connected to open drain) Dry raised latrine Pit Latrine Open Field

41 KEY FINDINGS Overall, food availability was not found to be a major limiting factor Production levels consistent across the 4 districts Markets found to be fully functional. Poor levels of food consumption and high rates of malnutrition are linked to issues of food access and utilization. Households have high reliance on unsustainable livelihood sources Low income levels Debt accumulation Low levels of quality of food consumption Poor access to improved water and sanitation

42 IPC LOCAL PARTNERS Ministry of National Food Security & Research Ministry of Planning, Development & Reforms Ministry of Health Services and Regulation Pakistan Bureau of Statistics National Agriculture Research Council Pakistan Agriculture Research Council National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) Planning & Development Department-Sindh Bureau of Statistics-Sindh Provincial Nutrition Cell-Sindh Agriculture Extension Department-Sindh Livestock Department-Sindh Women Development-Sindh Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA), Sindh Food Department-Sindh Action Against Hunger (ACF) Concern Worldwide Save the Children TRDP IFPRI Pakistan SDPI SDF AWKUM Welthungerhilfe SAFWCO Pakistan Food Security Cluster/Working Group UN Agencies (FAO, WFP, UNICEF, OCHA) ECHO-Financial Support

43 THANK YOU

44 LIVELIHOOD AND FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT (LFSA) 2017 DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE JAMSHORO SANGHAR THARPARKAR UMERKOT Sub-district (Taluka/Tehsil) Share Sub-district (Taluka/tehsil) Share Sub-district (Taluka/tehsil) Share Sub-district (Taluka/tehsil) Share Kotri 32% Jam Nawaz Ali 9% Chachro 18% Kunri 23% Manjhand 19% Khipro 26% Dahli 9% Pithoro 9% Sehwan 25% Sanghar 26% Diplo 18% Samaro 23% Thana Bula Khan 24% Shahdadpur 13% Islamkot 9% Umerkot 45% Sinjhoro 8% Mithi 27% Tando Adam 17% Nagarparkar 18% Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area Gender of head of household JAMSHORO SANGHAR THARPARKAR UMERKOT Overall Urban 29% 21% 9% 18% 19% Rural 71% 79% 91% 82% 81% Non-Arid Area 29% 78% 0% 61% 41% Desert/Arid Area 71% 22% 100% 39% 59% Female 18% 19% 11% 8% 14% Male 82% 81% 89% 92% 86% LFSA Sample: 4 districts, 20 sub-districts (Talukas/Tehsils), 89 PSUs (17 urban, 72 rural), 1573 households, 1075 PLW, 1343 children age 6-59 months (681 children age 6-23 months)