Review. of the application of modern information technologies in the agricultural management systems. S.Korsakova

Transcription

1 Review of the application of modern information technologies in the agricultural management systems S.Korsakova

2 REVIEW OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED INAGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS The USA, Canada, Australia,, EU counties - actively uses various information systems at the all level, including Systems for crop growth monitoring and crop yield forecast Systems to control the quality of agricultural products Systems for operational management and production process optimization Marketing oriented information systems Analytical and modeling systems to monitor the development of emergency situations and their impact on the production and quality of agricultural products

3 Systems for monitoring of crop conditions and crop yield forecast and their information capabilities The CGMYF systems extensively use Earth remote sensing technologies as methods for information collection, geographic information systems (GIS) are used to process and analyze the information and Internet is the basic means of information distribution

4 CGMYF The primary tasks solved using CGMYF systems of different levels are as follows: 1. Agricultural land inventory What agricultural crops are sown and at what areas? Where are crop plantations located and is their placement optimal with respect to the agro-climatic zoning of territory? 2. Monitoring of the agricultural land over the vegetation period What is the state (phenological and physiological) of agricultural cultures? Do the producers observe the technologies of culture growing? 3. Yield forecast and assessment of gross agricultural production What agro-meteorological conditions of the current year affect the yield formation? Will the country s demand for food be fully satisfied in the current year?

5 The application of modern information technologies in CGMYF systems guarantees operative collection, procession, storage and distribution of geospatial information on the structure of sown areas, crop conditions during the vegetation period and productivity of agricultural lands, which in its turn will help to solve issues related to the forecasting of crop gross production and price formation in the agricultural product markets

6 Precision Farming - practical implementation of CGMYF system of farmer level Collection Analysis Use Yield mapping Variable rate fertilizer Weed mapping Variable spraying Topography and boundaries Yield monitoring Salinity mapping Records and analyses Source Agroprofi Precision Farming is a system of agricultural management aimed at the minimization of anthropogenic pressure on the environment and increase of the productivity (getting the most profit) by means of the production process optimization

7 Precision Farming - practical implementation of CGMYF system of farmer level System put to use large number of modern information technologies, including GIS and RSE, with the following technologies being the most important for precision farming implementation: within a separate field in various parts of the field NEED Assessment of the yield Determination of precise coordinated of agricultural machines and aggregates Variable Rate Technology (the corrections in the seeds sowing norms, use of fertilizers, plant protection substances etc.) decision support system (DSS) expert systems (ES) more programs, using mathematical models and forecasting

8 INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN CGMYF SYSTEM CREATION AND APPLICATION The world experience in the development and use of CGMYF systems proves that the focus is basically on the development of local and national (transnational) systems

9 Modern local CGMYF I l y i n k a specialized agricultural management system created in 2003 Ilyinka Agro-Industrial Cooperative (Russian Federation) The system helps to quickly assess the current situation in the enterprise and take most efficient managerial decisions

10 The Ilyinka s local CGMYF system capabilities include: Monitoring the changes in the state of fields and crops in various parts of the same field and determine the sequence of the relevant operations Monitoring for the purpose of emergency early warning (fires, floods, hail) Monitoring the use of expensive equipment by means of the global positioning system Automatic generation of reports for the enterprise management based in the data collected using instrumental methods Accumulation and storage of data that allows to control the direction and dynamics of technological processes Cartographic representation of the output data Multi-factor analysis and visualization of the data collected, thus allowing to easily interpret them

11 Local CGMYF system In Ukraine, certain elements of local level CGMYF system have already been used in the research company of AGRO-SOYUZ Corporation (Sinelnikovo rayon, Dnipropetrovsk oblast). Novadays CJSC AGRO-Soyuz is a base-model agricultural production enterprise in Ukraine, which deploys innovative technologies in crop growing and in addition is a member of international No-Till Assotiation. In the field of livestock breeding CJSC Agro-Soyuz possesses a status of dairy cattle breeding enterprise as well as it is a basic-model enterprise of innovative technologies of Ministry of Agrarian Police in the field of cattle production, pig production and ostrich production. The advanced technologies of herd keeping and management are deployed.

12 Regional level CGMYF system An example of regional level CGMYF system is KARS system developed by the Regional Center for Application of Earth Sciences under the Program for Practical Use of RSE Data (Kansas, USA). Starting from 1996, this system generates the so-called GreenReport every two weeks describing vegetation conditions in certain areas of the USA based on the RSE operative data and analysis historical statistics.

13 National (or transnational) level CGMYF system The most famous national (or transnational) level CGMYF system: FAS/PECAD system created by the department for the survey and assessment of agricultural crop productivity at the Foreign Agricultural Service of the US Department of Agriculture The European MCYFS system (system for the forecasting crop yield based on MARS program), regular use of which started in 2002

14 The MARS Crop Yield Forecasting System WOFOST model The following parameters are used in WOFOST model to forecast the yield of primary agricultural crops: photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), water availability for the seeds, projective cover, green and dry biomass, etc.

15 M Designing of a system for yield forecasting MCYFS comprised four aspects: C Y F S Making an inventory of agricultural lands - developing and improving, based on materials received by remote sensing, a network of sample observation and methods of automated classification of the data obtained from remote observations for quick assessment of the lands under the more representative cultures Developing the methodology for the application of data from meteorological satellites to obtain parameters characterizing the agricultural crop development during the vegetation period across different geographical zones Application of daily meteorological data in agrometeorological models developed to forecast the yield of certain agricultural crops at the territorial, national and European levels Developing the methodology for quick remote identification of lands under agricultural crops and yields on the European territory.

16 Schema of the foundation of a unified system M C Y F S Developed by GROUP OF EU

17 Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS) focuses the space agencies on providing the required observations, ensures long-term data continuity, resolves inconsistencies in national data policies and access, develops standards and systems for data and information exchange, build capacity for nations to effectively monitor global agricultural production, increases global food security.

18 A schematic of the inputs and outputs for the Global Agricultural Monitoring System of Systems Developed by GROUP OF EARTCH OBSERVATIONS FAO

19 These systems while being a powerful instrument if information support for the agro-industrial complex, serve people merely as auxiliary tools to support the national or international agrarian policies

20 PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF NATIONAL CGMYF SYSTEM CREATION IN UKRAINE The first and most important question: does Ukraine need a national level CGMYF system at all? The answer to the question seems to be positive.

21 There are potential users of information: The Ukrainian Council for National Security and Defense Ministry of Agrarian Policy State Committee for Statistics Ministry of Economics Oblast and rayon state administrations Analytics working at food markets trading and insurance companies agricultural producers, but The Government s interest in CGMYF system creation is purely declarative

22 There are certain conditions in Ukraine for the creation and application of own CGMYF system in the interests of agriculture: Availability of own data of satellite surveillance and (commercially) available world market of RSE data International experience in creation of CGMYF systems of difference levels Availability of long-term agrohydrometeorological observations (based on 187 meteorological stations within the system of Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center) Availability of data on the potential productivity of agricultural land, available nutritive elements in the soil in different agricultural backgrounds and regions of Ukraine (within the system of Derzhrodyuchist Centers at the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine)

23 Ukrainian institutions and organizations having some experience in forecasting agricultural crop yield and procession of RSE and GIS data are: Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center Institute of Statistics at the Ukrainian State Committee for Statistic Center for Aerospace Research at the Institute of Geological Sciences National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

24 Data of satellite surveillance and methodologies for the application of space survey materials in Ukraine

25 Examples of applications developed in Ukraine for supporting NEESPI projects

26 Crop field research (NEESPI projects)

27 The estimate of the potential of soil moisture derived from ERS-scatterometer for the crop growth monitoring system (CGMS) in a Russian-Ukrainian study area (SCATYIELD project) The Comparison of drought stress between scat method and balance method The components of the soil water balance Soil moisture estimated from ERS-scatterometer data Source Alterra-RAPPORT 009

28 The estimate of the potential of soil moisture derived from ERSscatterometer for the crop growth monitoring system (CGMS) in a Russian-Ukrainian study area Drought stress of barley in Russia in 1997 Oblast level Grid level Source Alterra-RAPPORT 009

29 In-field test-sites network development in Ukraine for satellite data calibration

30 Regional analysis of greenhouse effect

31 Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center Forecasting agricultural crop yield The base of model is the equation system of radiation, thermal and water balances as well, as biomass balance of carbohydrate and nitrogen of the plant cover at environmentplant system. The Environment-Plant system considered as a complex dynamic system, which developes under the influence of internal and external factors, in which the growth and vegetation processes, as well as unfavorable events influence on yield reduction extracted

32 Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center Forecasting agricultural crop yield Calculation of index radiation and thermalmoisture regimes Input agrometeorological information Estimation to supplies of the plants mineral element Block impact of agrometeorological conditions to crop yield Block dynamics of biomass, organ of plants, surface of leafs and estimation of grain quantity Crop yield The main crops are winter crops, spring barley, corn, sugar beet, sunflower

33 Block-scheme algorithms calculation of drought in Ukraine Estimation of the influence of the droughts and dry winds on yield formation drought dry winds productive water reserves in the soil critical significance of productive water in the soil vapour pressure deficit critical level of vapour pressure deficit rainfall amount Algorithms of the calculation critical significance of rainfall amount Algorithm of the calculation indexes of the droughts and dry winds take into account of rainfall take into account of vapour pressure deficit and rainfall take into account of rainfall and productive water reserves in the soil complex estimation of the droughts beginning of the drought dry winds and criteria of droughts in region

34 Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center Drought Monitoring

35 Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center Drought Monitoring Estimation the loss of spring barley yield (%) from drought in Ukraine (2006)

36 Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center Scheme of direct applications of agrometeorological information and forecasts Who are the Users? Government Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine State Statistics Committee's Insurance company Research institutions Local governments Public administration Agricultural association Businessmen Farmers...

37 Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center Application radar Data Radar Boryspol

38 Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center Application satellite data for estimation of crop condition ( ) Source: Ukrainian Nacional Hydrometeorological Institute

39 Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center Application satellite data for drought monitoring ( )

40 CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS Technical development of the system agrometeorological services in Ukraine: improving HTML interface, more including other meteorological applications (radar and satellite data, ), adding more accurate soil and crop data, combining other agrometeorological data (crop yield, plant disease forecasts,..). Organizational development of the system: collaborating with different domestic and foreign institutions to improve modern way of agricultural production make a vast agrometeorological information system for more ecologicaly oriented daily agriculture practice.

41 The country has problems in need of expedient solution: There is no concept of CGMYF system creation (what type of CGMYF system does Ukraine need?) No clear-cut responsibilities and subordination of CGMYF system and lack of a coordination center for its creation Virtually complete absence of methodology for interpreting the RSE data in the interests of agriculture (there are only separate developments, not yet fine-tuned for practical usage) Lack of qualified specialists (in particular, specialists in the development of methodologies for topical interpretation of RSE data in the interests of agriculture) Impossibility to rely exclusively upon the usage of domestic RSE data only Certain problems with the use of RSE data with high spatial resolutions on site, which is of particular importance for local level CGMYF system

42 CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS to examine the possibility of Ukraine s integration to the already existing EU system of monitoring the state of agrarian resources and yield forecasting to be initiated with EU institutions charged with the operation and further development of MCYFS system with the purpose of learning the EU experience the possibility of Ukraine s integration into the system should be checked if the output data provided by the system are satisfactory for the Ukrainian Government and other potential users investigate the issue of contributions (informational and financial) which Ukraine will have to make to become a member to MCYFS the next Ukrainian space program should include scientific research in this direction

43 CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS development of proprietary methodologies of topical interpretation of aerospace information training of specialists in RSE methodology application in the interests of the agricultural complex and developers of agriculture-oriented GIS

44 Thank you for your attention